AFI91-202

BY ORDER OF THE

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

INSTRUCTION 91-202

20 MARCH 2020

Incorporating Change 1, 10 April 2024

Certified Current On, 10 April 2024

Safety

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR

FORCE (DAF) MISHAP PREVENTION

PROGRAM

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website for

downloading or ordering at www.e-Publishing.af.mil.

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: AFSEC/SEG Certified by: AFSEC/CV

(Colonel William Culver)

Supersedes: AFI 91-202, 24 June 2015

AFI 91-217, 11 April 2014

Pages: 211

This instruction implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 91-2, Safety Programs, and North

Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements (STANAGs) 3101, Exchange

of Flight Safety Information, and 3102, Flight Safety Cooperation in Common Ground/Air Space.

It establishes mishap prevention program requirements, assigns responsibilities for program

elements and contains program management information. It applies to all Department of the Air

Force civilian employees and uniformed members of the Regular Air Force, Air Force Reserve,

Air National Guard (ANG) and the United States Space Force (USSF). For the purposes of this

instruction, ANG and Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) are included in all references to Major

Commands (MAJCOMs). at joint bases, Air Force units will follow the requirements in this

instruction, along with guidance contained within inter-service and/or inter-agency agreements. At

enduring and contingency locations outside the United States, follow the requirements in this

instruction so long as they do not conflict with applicable requirements from any of the following:

host nation requirements made applicable by international agreement, Overseas Environmental

Baseline Guidance Document standards, country-specific Final Governing Standards, Geographic

Combatant Command policy, environmental annex to operational order, operational plan

(OPLAN) or other operational directive. This publication may be supplemented at any level, but

all direct Supplements must be routed to the OPR of this publication for coordination prior to

certification and approval. Send major command, field command, field operating agency and direct

2 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

reporting unit (MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU) supplements to Air Force Chief of Safety

(AF/SE) Org Box, 9700 G Avenue, Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5670, for coordination and approval

before publication. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office

of Primary Responsibility (OPR) using the AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of

Publication; route AF Forms 847 from the field through the appropriate functional’s chain of

command. All requests for changes, interpretations or clarifications concerning this publication

must be forwarded through the MAJCOM/ FLDCOM/FOA/DRU safety organization, who, in

turn, as applicable, will forward to AFSEC. The authorities to waive wing/unit-level requirements

in this publication are identified with a Tier (T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3) number following the compliance

statement. See Department of the Air Force Manual (DAFMAN) 90-161, Publishing Processes

and Procedures, for a description of the authorities associated with Tier numbers. Submit requests

for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier waiver approval authority, or

alternately, to the requestor’s commander for non-tiered compliance items. Submit waiver requests

for Secretary of the Air Force, Inspector General (SAF/IG) consideration through SAF/IGI. To

meet the intent of DAFMAN 90-161, e-mail finalized waivers (AF Form 679, Air Force

Publication Compliance Item Waiver Request/Approval) to SAF/IGI (usaf.pentagon.saf-

ig.mbx.saf-igi-[email protected]l). Ensure that all records generated as a result of processes

prescribed in this publication adhere to Air Force Instruction (AFI) 33-322, Records Management

and Information Governance Program, and are disposed IAW Air Force Records Disposition

Schedule, which is located in the Air Force Records Information Management System. The use of

the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, and/or service

in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air Force. This publication requires the

collection and/or maintenance of information protected by the Privacy Act of 1974 authorized by

Title 29 United States Code (USC), Section 9013, Secretary of the Air Force. All records created,

collected and stored under the guidance of this instruction are subject to the provisions of the

Freedom of Information Act, as authorized by Title 5 USC § 552, Public Information; Agency

Rules, Opinions, Orders, Records, and Proceedings, and IAW DoDM 5400.07_AFMAN 33-302,

Freedom of Information Act Program. The System of Records Notice F036 AF PC Q, Personnel

Data System (PDS); F024 AF IL C Motor Vehicle Operator’s Records, and F032 AF ILE,

Enterprise Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health-Management Information System

(EESOH-MIS) are available at: https://dpcld.defense.gov/privacy/SORNS.aspx.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This Interim Change (IC) revises AFI 91-202 by adding the applicability to the USSF and

redesignating the publication as a Department of the Air Force Instruction (DAFI) and changes the

title to The Department of the Air Force (DAF) Mishap Prevention Program. Additionally, it

adopts changes implemented in Air Force Guidance Memorandum 2022-01, (adds report

submission guidance for the Annual Program Management Review (APMR) in paragraph 3.5

and adds obstacle course inspection guidance. This IC also revises space safety program

management applicability, expands Air Force Safety Management System (AFSMS) guidance,

replaces Table 14.5 to reflect updated Aviation Safety training, and changes Center Commander

to Program Executive Officer in Chapter 13.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 3

Chapter 1—PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND RESPONSIBILITIES 9

1.1. Purpose. ................................................................................................................... 9

1.2. Vision. ...................................................................................................................... 9

1.3. The Air Force Mishap Prevention Program. ............................................................ 9

1.4. Mishap Prevention Program Disciplines (Aviation, Occupational, Weapons,

Space, etc.). .............................................................................................................. 9

1.5. Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Guidance and Applying

Standards. ................................................................................................................. 10

1.6. Roles and Responsibilities. ...................................................................................... 13

1.7. Waivers. ................................................................................................................... 51

1.8. Military-Unique and Nonmilitary-Unique Policy. ................................................... 51

Chapter 2—SAFETY ORGANIZATION 53

2.1. Safety Staff. ............................................................................................................. 53

2.2. Unit Safety Representative (USR). .......................................................................... 58

2.3. Safety Education/Training. ...................................................................................... 59

2.4. Safety Office Vehicles and Equipment. ................................................................... 60

2.5. Safety Library. ......................................................................................................... 60

2.6. Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Councils (ESOHC). ....................... 60

2.7. Non-USAF Councils and Committees. .................................................................... 61

2.8. Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) Safety Programs. .......................... 61

Chapter 3—SAFETY ASSURANCE 63

3.1. General. .................................................................................................................... 63

Table 3.1. Safety Evaluations, Assessments, and Inspections. ................................................. 63

3.2. Safety Evaluations. .................................................................................................. 64

3.3. Safety Program Evaluation (SPE). ........................................................................... 64

3.4. Safety Program Assessments. .................................................................................. 64

3.5. Annual Program Management Review (APMR). .................................................... 66

3.6. Annual Safety Inspections. ...................................................................................... 67

3.7. Spot Inspections. ...................................................................................................... 69

3.8. High Interest Areas. ................................................................................................. 70

3.9. Administrative Areas. .............................................................................................. 70

3.10. Special and Seasonal Inspections. ............................................................................ 70

3.11. Staff Assistance Visits (SAV). ................................................................................. 71

4 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

3.12. Federal/State Inspections and Investigations. .......................................................... 71

3.13. Contract Performance Assessment. ......................................................................... 71

Chapter 4—HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, REPORTING AND ABATEMENT 73

4.1. Hazard Identification. .............................................................................................. 73

4.2. Reporting Criteria. ................................................................................................... 73

4.3. Hazard Reporting System. ....................................................................................... 73

4.4. Additional Reporting Procedures. ............................................................................ 74

4.5. Air Force Form 457, Airmen Appeal Procedures. ................................................... 75

4.6. Risk Reduction and Mitigation. ............................................................................... 75

4.7. Preparation of Risk Assessments. ............................................................................ 75

4.8. Hazard Abatement. .................................................................................................. 76

4.9. Hazard Control Hierarchy. ....................................................................................... 76

4.10. Hazard Abatement Requirements. ........................................................................... 76

4.11. Critical/Imminent Danger Situations. ...................................................................... 77

4.12. Posting Notification of Hazards. .............................................................................. 77

4.13. Installation Master Hazard Abatement Plan (MHAP). ............................................ 78

4.14. Funding for Hazard Abatement. .............................................................................. 79

4.15. End of Year Annual Master Hazard Abatement Survey and Facility/Workplace

Inspection Report. .................................................................................................... 79

Chapter 5—INFORMATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 81

5.1. Information Protection. ............................................................................................ 81

5.2. Recurring Publications. ............................................................................................ 81

5.3. Methods of Information Distribution. ................................................................

...... 81

5.4. Mishap Analysis Program. ....................................................................................... 82

5.5. Mishap Prevention Analysis Methods. .................................................................... 82

5.6. Use of Analyzed Data. ............................................................................................. 83

5.7. Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System. .................................................... 83

5.8. Organizational Safety Assessment (OSA). .............................................................. 84

5.9. Military Flight Operations Quality Assurance (MFOQA). ...................................... 84

5.10. Airman Safety Action Program (ASAP). ................................................................. 84

5.11. Line Operations Safety Audit. ................................................................................. 84

5.12. Standard Mishap Metrics. ........................................................................................ 85

5.13. Calculating Federal Employee Compensation Metric (Rate). ................................. 86

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 5

5.14. AFSAS Analysis and Query Tools. ......................................................................... 87

Chapter 6—DEPLOYMENT AND CONTINGENCY SAFETY 88

6.1. Deployment and Contingency Safety Program. ....................................................... 88

6.2. Air Force Forces Chief of Safety (AFFOR/SE). ...................................................... 88

6.3. AFFOR Deployed Unit Safety Functions and Organizations. ................................. 89

6.4. Mishap Prevention Program. ................................................................................... 92

6.5. Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Safety Awards. ..................................................... 92

6.6. AFFOR/SE Visits. ................................................................................................... 93

Chapter 7—AVIATION SAFETY 94

7.1. Program Management. ............................................................................................. 94

7.2. Plans. ........................................................................................................................ 94

7.3. Programs. ................................................................................................................. 94

7.4. Aero Club Operations. ............................................................................................. 97

7.5. Training Meetings and Briefings. ............................................................................ 97

7.6. Inspections/Assessments and Monitoring. ............................................................... 98

7.7. Airfield Maintenance, Construction and Waivers (Installation). ............................. 99

Chapter 8—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY 101

8.1. Program Management. ............................................................................................. 101

8.2. Assurance Requirements. ......................................................................................... 101

8.3. Installation Occupational Safety Staff Responsibilities. .......................................... 101

8.4. Tenant Unit and Geographically Separated Unit Responsibilities. .......................... 104

8.5. Unit Safety Representative (USR) Responsibilities. ................................................ 104

8.6. Hazard Identification and Abatement. ................................................................

..... 104

8.7. Federal/State Inspections of DoD Working Conditions and Mishap

Investigations. .......................................................................................................... 105

8.8. DoL Occupational Safety and Health Administration Annual Visit Summary. ...... 105

8.9. Occupational Safety Corporate Committee. ............................................................ 105

Chapter 9—WEAPONS SAFETY 106

9.1. Program Management. ............................................................................................. 106

9.2. Weapons Safety Personnel Management and Manning Plan. .................................. 106

9.3. Explosives Safety Standards. ................................................................................... 106

9.4. Weapons Safety Personnel. ...................................................................................... 106

9.5. Weapons Safety Program Requirements. ................................................................ 109

6 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

9.6. Missile Safety. ......................................................................................................... 109

9.7. Nuclear Surety. ........................................................................................................ 109

9.8. Unit Directed Energy Safety Program Functions. ................................................... 109

9.9. Munitions Rapid Response Team. ........................................................................... 110

9.10. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB). .................................. 110

9.11. Weapons, Explosives and DEW Training................................................................ 110

9.12. Weapons Safety Committees. .................................................................................. 111

Chapter 10—SPACE SAFETY 112

10.1. Program Management. ............................................................................................. 112

10.2. Space Safety Responsibilities. ................................................................................. 112

10.3. Space Safety Council (SSC). ................................................................................... 113

10.4. Space Nuclear Safety. .............................................................................................. 114

10.5. Ground Based Space System Safety. ....................................................................... 114

10.6. Pre-Launch. .............................................................................................................. 114

10.7. Launch Safety. ......................................................................................................... 115

10.8. Orbital Safety. .......................................................................................................... 118

Chapter 11—SYSTEM SAFETY & SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENTS 126

11.1. Overview. ................................................................................................................. 126

11.2. System Safety Applied to Acquisition Activities. ................................................... 127

11.3. System Safety Risk Acceptance Process. ................................................................ 128

11.4. System Safety Groups (SSG). .................................................................................. 129

11.5. Non-Developmental Items.

...................................................................................... 131

11.6. System Safety Engineering Analysis (SSEA). ......................................................... 131

11.7. Application of a Safety Risk Assessment (SRA). .................................................... 132

11.8. Safety Risk Assessment Purpose and Risk Decision Authority Empowerment. ..... 132

11.9. Core Safety Risk Assessment Principles. ................................................................ 133

11.10. Safety Office SRA Reviews. .................................................................................... 135

Chapter 12—CONTRACT SAFETY 137

12.1. Contract Safety Program. ......................................................................................... 137

12.2. Contract Types. ........................................................................................................ 137

Table 12.1. Contract Considerations. .......................................................................................... 137

12.3. Contractor Compliance. ........................................................................................... 138

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 7

12.4. Safety Office. ........................................................................................................... 138

Chapter 13—SUPPORTING GUIDANCE 140

13.1. Air Force Safety Management System (AFSMS).................................................... 140

Figure 13.1. AFSMS Pillars. ........................................................................................................ 140

Figure 13.2. AFSMS Framework. ................................................................................................ 142

Figure 13.3. The Air Force 5-Step RM Process. .......................................................................... 143

13.2. Annual Program Management Review (APMR). .................................................... 146

13.3. Federal/State Inspections of DoD Working Conditions and Mishap

Investigations. .......................................................................................................... 148

13.4. USAF Aviation Safety Equipment Database Reporting. ......................................... 152

13.5. Mishap Response. .................................................................................................... 153

13.6. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). .................................................................................... 154

13.7. Risk Assessment Codes (RAC). Note 1: .................................................................. 154

Table 13.1. Safety and Ergonomic Hazard Risk Assessment Code Matrix. ............................... 155

13.8. Abatement Priority Number (APN). ........................................................................ 156

Table 13.2. Severity and Probability Multiplier Matrix. ............................................................. 156

Table 13.3. Abatement Priority Number Index. .......................................................................... 157

13.9. Preparation of Safety Risk Assessments. ................................................................. 157

Figure 13.4. Sample Risk Assessment Layout and Guidance. ..................................................... 157

13.10. Safety Release. ......................................................................................................... 158

Figure 13.5. Safety Release Letter (Example). ............................................................................ 159

13.11. Launch Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report (SDAR). ................................... 160

Table 13.4. SDAR Format. ......................................................................................................... 160

13.12. Combined Space Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report/End-of-Life Plan

(SDAR/EOLP). ........................................................................................................ 163

Table 13.5. Contents of SDAR/EOLP. ....................................................................................... 164

Chapter 14—SAFETY TRAINING 168

14.1. Job Safety Training Outline. .................................................................................... 168

14.2. Continuing Education and Training Courses. .......................................................... 172

Table 14.1. Continuing Career Safety Professional Development (Recommended Safety

Courses). .................................................................................................................. 172

Table 14.2. Continuing Career Safety Professional Development (AFSEC Courses Awarding

Continuing Education Units). .................................................................................. 173

14.3. Safety Education and Training. ................................................................................ 173

8 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Table 14.3. Mishap Investigation. ............................................................................................... 173

Table 14.4. Unit Safety Representative (USR). .......................................................................... 173

Table 14.5. Aviation. .................................................................................................................. 174

Table 14.6. Occupational. ........................................................................................................... 174

Table 14.7. Weapons................................................................................................................... 174

Table 14.8. Space. ....................................................................................................................... 174

Table 14.9. System Safety. ......................................................................................................... 174

Table 14.10. Management. ............................................................................................................ 175

Table 14.11. Risk Management (RM). ......................................................................................... 175

Table 14.12. Other. ....................................................................................................................... 175

14.4. 1S0X1 Retrainee Evaluation Process. ...................................................................... 175

Figure 14.1. 1S0 Safety Retraining Memorandum (Example). .................................................... 176

14.5. Supervisor Safety Training. ..................................................................................... 177

Chapter 15—MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY INFORMATION 179

15.1. Instructions for Completing AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard. .............................. 179

15.2. Instructions for Completing AF Form 3, Hazard Abatement Plan. ......................... 179

15.3. Pre-Departure Travel Safety (Examples Only). ....................................................... 182

15.4. Air Force Off-Duty High-Risk Activities Program. ................................................ 183

Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 185

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 9

Chapter 1

PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.1. Purpose. The purpose of the Air Force Mishap Prevention Program is to minimize the loss

of Air Force resources and protect Air Force personnel from death, injuries or occupational

illnesses by managing risks on and off-duty. This program is aligned with and framed using the

Air Force Safety Management System as the core structure and applies to all Air Force

organizations and personnel. The Air Force Safety Management System is a systematic approach

to managing safety and includes the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies,

and procedures. The overarching mishap prevention program is system compliant with the tenants

of the American National Standards Institute Z-10 and the Federal Aviation Administration,

Aviation Safety Management Program, which were used as the foundational sources of the Air

Force Mishap Prevention Program. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA)

Voluntary Protection Program is recognized as a form of a Safety Management System, and is

closely aligned with the Air Force Safety Management System. Units employing the Voluntary

Protection Program will follow the USAF mishap prevention program guidance contained within

this instruction. (T-1)

1.2. Vision. AFSEC’s vision is to be a world leader in safety management and provide care for

our Airmen, resources and our environment to meet our air, space and cyberspace missions.

Accordingly, the Air Force is committed to the following three priorities:

1.2.1. Compliance. Comply with all safety and regulatory guidelines.

1.2.2. Risk Reduction. Protect our assets, personnel and material by effectively identifying

and managing risks.

1.2.3. Continuous Improvement. Instill a culture that encourages and supports continuous

improvement.

1.3. The Air Force Mishap Prevention Program. This instruction is the foundational guidance

document for the implementation of the Air Force Mishap Prevention Program. Commanders at

all levels will adhere to these requirements unless proper waivers, deviations or exemptions are

approved as defined within this instruction. (T-1) Refer to paragraph 13.1., Air Force Safety

Management System, for additional guidance.

1.4. Mishap Prevention Program Disciplines (Aviation, Occupational, Weapons, Space,

etc.). Each mishap prevention program discipline will direct more specific functional

management responsibilities and risk management (RM) processes via AFIs, standards and

manuals, as determined applicable at the various program discipline levels. (T-1)Air Force

installation and tenant safety offices will implement these programs IAW this instruction.

(T-1)Any inter-organization and inter-service agreements will be addressed in formal support

documents. (T-1)Regardless of any support agreement or executive agency guidelines,

requirements of this instruction must be satisfied. (T-1)The mishap prevention program will

address:

1.4.1. Methods to target groups at increased risk for mishaps, injury or illness as directed by

the commander or as indicated through hazard identification processes. (T-1)

10 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.4.2. Processes for tracking and trending hazards and incidents, as well as methods for

determining program effectiveness. (T-1)

1.4.3. Funding for safety programs. (T-1)

1.4.4. Metrics for measuring effectiveness (See examples in Chapter 5, Information and Data

Analysis). (T-1)

1.4.5. Safety goals, objectives and milestones that support Air Force established goals. (T-1)

1.4.6. Methods to identify and disseminate safety “best practices,” “benchmarks,” etc. (T-1)

1.5. Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Guidance and Applying

Standards. AFOSH guidance must be followed at all times and is the minimum guidance

necessary to provide a safe and healthful work environment for all Airmen, other Department of

Defense (DoD)/government personnel, and volunteers IAW Title 10 USC § 1588, Authority to

Accept Certain Voluntary Services, working on Air Force installations. (T-0) Air Force activities

must comply with OSHA requirements at all times unless the military-unique exemption applies

according to DoDI 6055.01, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program. (T-0) See

paragraph 1.8 for further guidance on military-unique and nonmilitary-unique policy. AFOSH

requirements shall provide equal or greater protection than applicable federal regulatory standards.

(T-0) All Air Force units must comply with applicable safety guidance during all Air Force

operations. (T-1) The Air Force may develop supplementary or alternative guidance where

inadequate or no federal regulatory standards are applicable. MAJCOMs, FLDCOMS, DRUs and

FOAs may supplement AFOSH guidance when additional or more stringent safety, fire prevention

or health criteria are required. When there is conflicting guidance, apply that guidance which

provides the most protection. Safety offices will maintain (or have access to) a reference library to

include national consensus standards and other mission-related technical and safety guidance.

(T-2)

1.5.1. AFOSH guidance sources include:

1.5.1.1. Regulatory Federal Standards. The Air Force complies with applicable

Department of Labor’s (DoL) OSHA, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Department of Transportation

standards incorporating specific requirements by reference into AFOSH guidance or

technical orders (TOs).

1.5.1.2. AFOSH Guidance. Air Force published guidance is located at http://www.e-

publishing.af.mil. The Air Force publishes industrial and general occupational safety

guidance as Air Force instructions and/or manuals, which implement applicable OSHA

standards. When AFOSH guidance or safety criteria do not cover a situation, use non-Air

Force standards including national consensus standards, professional safety and health

standards, and other federal agency standards. When there is conflicting guidance, use the

guidance that provides the most protection. Refer conflicts between OSHA, AFI, AFMAN,

AFOSH guidelines and TOs to Air Force Chief of Safety (AF/SE) through the appropriate

MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU safety office for resolution. (T-1)

1.5.1.3. TOs and manufacturers’ guidance (e.g., Safety Data Sheets) for specific processes,

aircraft, and equipment.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 11

1.5.2. Joint-Use Workplaces. Personnel from different DoD Components or other federal

agencies working in the same workplace shall be governed by OSHA standards and any

applicable agency standards, host/tenant support agreements, joint base instructions, etc. (T-0)

1.5.3. Variances and Exemptions. The affected work center shall process a request for

variance or exemption when it is impractical or impossible to meet code of federal regulations

(CFR) or AFOSH requirements due to operational needs, mission impact or technical reasons.

(T-0) Variances are temporary and are granted with the understanding that permanent control

measures are planned and will be in place within a time period not to exceed five years.

Exemptions grant permanent relief from a requirement and may be approved when the

applicant can substantiate that their proposed methods, equipment or facilities protect the

employee as well or better than the AFOSH requirements or applicable. AFSEC, Air Force

Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) and Air Force Medical (AFMED) may grant variances or

exemptions to AFOSH and environmental requirements, and AFMAN 91- 203, Air Force

Occupational Safety, Fire, and Health Standards, guidance that are more stringent than

applicable OSHA requirements. Only OSHA can grant waivers or exemptions to applicable

Title 29 (OSHA) requirements, even if they are included in AFOSH guidance. AFSEC will

serve as the liaison between OSHA and the Air Force when seeking OSHA safety- related

waivers or exemptions. Note: A unit’s inability to fund corrective actions does not constitute

sufficient justification to request a waiver, variance or exemption. Request extensions for

variances through MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRUs to AFSEC Occupational Safety Division

(AFSEC/SEG) or AFMED Surgeon General (AFMED/SG3/5), as applicable, and appropriate.

(T-1) Variance/Exemption process consists of the following steps:

1.5.3.1. Affected work center personnel shall implement interim control measures and

notify the installation occupational safety (or tenant unit safety, if applicable), fire or health

officials to validate the effectiveness of interim controls. (T-0) With effective controls in

place, the work center will coordinate the variance/exemption package with installation

occupational safety (or tenant unit safety, if applicable), fire and health officials. (T-0)

1.5.3.2. The installation safety office (or tenant unit safety, if applicable) will assemble a

detailed staff package with the following attributes. (T-1)

1.5.3.2.1. Clearly define the safety-related variance or exemption being requested, i.e.,

a description of the situation identifying the AFOSH guidance/publication, paragraph

and specific reason(s) compliance is not possible.

1.5.3.2.2. State the rationale why the AFOSH guidance/publication cannot be

followed.

1.5.3.2.3. Provide a description and risk assessment of permanent control measures

planned, implementation date, plus identify interim control measures used to protect

personnel, equipment or property, or used to mitigate the risk or hazard.

1.5.3.2.4. Identify the number of personnel exposed and protected by interim control

measures relative to the operation or condition on a regular basis, and any Air Force

property involved.

1.5.3.2.5. A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) will be conducted on all work processes,

where appropriate, to identify potential hazards, preventative measures in procedures

to mitigate the hazards and proper personal protective equipment (PPE), if required.

12 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

(T-0)Note: Prior to submitting a variance or exemption, a JHA should have been

accomplished to address all potential hazards. If not accomplished, provide a reason in

the variance or exemption, why a JHA was not accomplished.

1.5.3.2.6. In the case of a variance request, provide a proposed way ahead to resolve

the problem, or a description of why it is believed the problem cannot be resolved.

1.5.3.2.7. In the case of an exemption request, provide the proposed methods,

equipment or facilities to protect the employee as well as or better than the AFOSH

guidance.

1.5.3.2.8. Propose a plan to remedy the problem.

1.5.3.2.9. Include drawings, photographs, maps, etc., to clearly and thoroughly

document all of the above.

1.5.3.3. The installation safety office will forward the request to the appropriate MAJCOM

safety office through appropriate command channels. (T-1)

1.5.3.4. Any tenant unit safety staff working a variance or exemption will coordinate the

product with the installation safety office before sending it forward to the tenant unit’s

higher headquarters. (T-0)

1.5.3.5. The MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU safety staff reviews and, if recommended

for approval, forwards requests to AFSEC/SEG (safety-related issues), AFCEC/CC (fire

prevention and facilities-related issues) or AFMED/SG3/5 (health-related issues), as

appropriate, for final approval. Note: Requests received without MAJCOM-

FLDCOM/FOA/DRU coordination will be returned to requestor without action.

1.5.3.6. The MAJCOM, FLDCOM, FOA, DRU or installation Occupational Safety

Manager (OSM) maintains a master file of approved variances or exemptions that apply to

their MAJCOM, FLDCOM, FOA, DRU, or installation/space base delta, as long as they

are in effect and for one year thereafter. The safety manager distributes copies of variances

and exemptions to fire protection, health, and functional managers, as needed. Functional

managers or supervisors, as appropriate, must train affected employees and employee

representatives on approved variances, exemptions or any special procedures required, and

document such training. Post copies of approved variances and exemptions in affected

work areas until integrated into the Job Safety Training Outline (JSTO). (T-0)

1.5.4. Safety Changes to Technical Orders. Process recommended changes to TOs IAW TO

00-5-1, Air Force Technical Order System. Send a copy of recommended changes to Air Force

Materiel Command Occupational Safety Division (AFMC/SEG) and AFSEC/SEG.

1.5.5. Changes to Directives. Submit requests for changes to occupational safety and health

(OSH) guidelines in Air Force instructions through command channels to the directive OPR.

Safety, fire and health reviews, as appropriate, shall be accomplished at each level of command

between the requester and the directive OPR. (T-1) Send a copy of recommended changes to

AFSEC/SEG, AFCEC/CXF, and/or AFMED/SG3/5, as applicable. (T-1)

1.5.6. Occupational Health. Ensure commanders, supervisors, employees and occupational

environmental health subject matter experts assess health risks in the workplace.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 13

1.6. Roles and Responsibilities.

1.6.1. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment, and Energy

(SAF/IE).

1.6.1.1. The SAF/IE is the Department of the Air Force’s Designated Agency Safety and

Health Officer (DASHO). The SAF/IE delegates program responsibilities, except the

DASHO duties (which are not delegable), to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for

Environment, Safety, and Infrastructure (SAF/IEE).

1.6.1.2. Provides policy, guidance, direction and oversight of all matters pertaining to the

formulation, review and execution of plans, policies, programs and budgets relative to the

mishap prevention and Environment, Safety and Occupational Health (ESOH) programs.

1.6.1.3. Conducts Program Management Reviews of the Air Force ESOH programs, at

least annually, with the Air Force Chief of Safety (AF/SE) and the Air Force Surgeon

General (AF/SG). Reports the progress of the Air Force ESOH programs to the Deputy

Undersecretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), as requested.

1.6.1.4. Establishes strategic goals and objectives, develops performance measures and

assigns responsibilities in coordination with AF/SE.

1.6.1.5. Conducts Headquarters United States Air Force (HQ USAF) Environment, Safety

and Occupational Health Council (ESOHC) meetings IAW AFI 90-801, Environment,

Safety, and Occupational Health Councils.

1.6.1.6. Collects, analyzes and reports Air Force-wide performance information to Office

of the Secretary of Defense IAW DoDI 6055.01, DoDI 6055.04, DoD Traffic Safety

Program, and DoDI 6055.07, Mishap Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Record

Keeping, as applicable.

1.6.1.7. Establishes procedures for communication with interested external parties.

1.6.1.8. IAW Headquarters AF Mission Directive 1-18, Assistant Secretary of the Air

Force (Installations, Environment and Energy), has authority over the Air Force Risk

Management Process as described in DoDI 6055.01 and AFI 90-802, Risk Management.

1.6.2. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition (SAF/AQ):

1.6.2.1. Establishes engineering and technical policy and procedures for SAF/AQ

Programs (both acquisition and sustainment) to execute System Safety as an integrated part

of the Systems Engineering efforts to manage environment, safety, and occupational health

risks and requirements IAW DoDI 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System,

and AFI 63-101/20-101, Integrated Life Cycle Management..

1.6.2.2. Coordinates guidance and federal acquisition regulations involving AFOSH

matters with AF/SE, SAF/IE and AF/SG.

1.6.2.3. Ensures contracts include applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation/DoD Federal

Acquisition Regulation Supplement/Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement

(FAR/DFARS/AFFARS) safety clauses.

1.6.2.4. Includes ESOH Risk Management concepts and responsibilities in the education

and training of acquisition personnel.

14 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.2.5. Ensure appropriate risk acceptance authority for High-Risk system safety

assessments.

1.6.2.6. Establishes engineering and technical policy and procedures for Air Force

Acquisition and Sustainment, including policy and procedures for all programs to execute

System Safety as an integrated part of Systems Engineering.

1.6.2.7. Performs periodic reviews of Acquisition and Sustainment programs. These

include required reviews of the results of each program’s ESOH Risk Management efforts.

This ensures that System Safety is overseen within the context of other cost, schedule and

performance issues.

1.6.2.8. Represents the Air Force in Acquisition and Sustainment Program System Safety

matters with other DoD components and both Governmental and non-Governmental

agencies.

1.6.2.9. Ensures program offices support and are included in system-related Class A and

Class B mishap investigations to the extent necessary to analyze hazards that contributed

to the accident, and provide recommendations for materiel risk mitigation measures,

especially those that minimize potential human errors.

1.6.3. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management and Comptroller

(SAF/FM):

1.6.3.1. Determines process for Risk Assessment Code (RAC) funding visibility, priority

and implementation procedures for funding the abatement of safety, fire and health

hazards.

1.6.3.2. Encourages use of the RAC system on Resource Allocation Programming

Information Decision System used during the corporate budgeting process.

1.6.3.3. Includes ESOH Risk Management concepts and responsibilities in the education

and training of financial management/comptroller personnel.

1.6.3.4. Ensures scoring of ESOH risk data analysis for financial project management and

programming.

1.6.4. The Air Force Surgeon General (AF/SG):

1.6.4.1. Establishes goals, objectives, policy and standards for occupational and

environmental health.

1.6.4.2. Ensures Air Force occupational and environmental health policies meet or exceed

federal regulations (CFRs) and other applicable requirements.

1.6.4.3. Develops health-related policies which support the Air Force mishap prevention

program.

1.6.4.4. Develops and facilitates use of human factors standards in mishap prevention.

Ensures use of tools that address human error identification and reduction related to fatigue,

stress and other emotional, psychological or physiological factors.

1.6.4.5. Provides subject matter experts (SMEs) in human factors.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 15

1.6.4.6. Through the Biomedical Sciences Corps (BSC) Associate Chief for

Bioenvironmental Engineering (AFMRA/SG3PB), coordinates on installation-level

proposed responses related to occupational safety and health events.

1.6.5. The Deputy Chief of Staff Logistics, Engineering, and Force Protection (AF/A4):

1.6.5.1. Ensures maintenance and logistics policy address and comply with all applicable

safety and health standards.

1.6.5.2. Ensures Air Force procedures for storing, handling, using and transporting

hazardous materials and disposing of wastes comply with transportation regulations,

environmental statutes and occupational regulations.

1.6.5.3. Ensures civil engineering procedures, operations, technical publications and

designs for new construction meet or exceed federal regulatory requirements and AFOSH

guidance, as well as explosives and other safety criteria.

1.6.5.4. Ensures policy addresses and mitigates the potential for human error associated

with logistics and engineering activities.

1.6.5.5. Integrates ESOH Risk Management and risk reduction into the sustainment

decision-making process.

1.6.5.6. Incorporates ESOH principles in policies, procedures and training.

1.6.5.7. Determines process for RAC funding visibility, priority and implementation

procedures within the Integrated Priority List corporate process for funding safety, fire and

health hazards abatement.

1.6.6. The Deputy Chief of Staff, Manpower Personnel and Services (AF/A1):

1.6.6.1. Develops policy on personnel matters relating to AFOSH.

1.6.6.2. Provides guidance for commanders and supervisory personnel to meet

accountability and performance requirements for the AFOSH program.

1.6.6.3. Serves as the OPR for Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA) at the Air

Staff level.

1.6.6.4. Establishes a process through which Airmen are evaluated on Safety and

Occupational Health (SOH) duties and responsibilities within the applicable appraisal

system.

1.6.6.5. Provides guidance to ensure supervisory personnel appraisals address SOH

conformance and reflect responsibility for the management of SOH programs in their area

of responsibility. Such appraisals should specifically include an evaluation of their SOH

program management performance.

1.6.6.6. Incorporates AFOSH program orientation into training programs for new civilian

employees.

1.6.7. Headquarters, Air Force Directorate of Test and Evaluation (AF/TE). Provides direction

and guidance to ensure test organizations assess safety standards and hazards prior to testing.

1.6.8. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations (AF/A3):

16 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.8.1. Develops policy and guidance for use and management of AF-operated

operational ranges.

1.6.8.2. Ensures applicable environmental, safety and operation health programs and

requirements are incorporated within operational range AFPDs, AFIs, and AFMANs.

1.6.9. The Air Force Chief of Safety (AF/SE):

1.6.9.1. Is the OPR for Air Force safety programs.

1.6.9.2. Directs implementation of Public Law, Executive Orders, and DoD Directives and

Instructions on safety.

1.6.9.3. Directs implementation of the Air Force Mishap Prevention Program.

1.6.9.4. Emphasizes safety management strategies to drive mishap prevention program

and safety management system requirements.

1.6.9.5. Provides direct liaison with MAJCOM/DRU/FOA Directors of Safety on mishap

prevention program and safety management system implementation by providing training,

SMEs and incorporating safety management system principles into existing training

courses.

1.6.9.6. Serves as the lead agent for the overall cross-functional integration and

sustainment effort of Air Force safety risk management processes and procedures IAW

AFI 90-802 requirements.

1.6.9.7. Attends or delegates attendance to the Joint Service Safety Council.

1.6.9.8. Establishes and chairs or delegates chairmanship of the Air Force Senior Safety

Advisory Council.

1.6.9.9. Assigns the Chief of Occupational Safety as the USAF OSHA Process Manager.

1.6.9.10. Ensures SAF/AQ program offices are included in system-related Class A and

Class B mishap investigations to analyze hazards that contributed to the accident, and

provides recommendations for materiel risk mitigation measures, especially those that

minimize potential human errors.

1.6.10. The Air Force Safety Center, under the command of the AF/SE:

1.6.10.1. Develops, implements, oversees and funds, as appropriate, Air Force Mishap

Prevention Programs within the framework of the Air Force safety management system.

1.6.10.2. Develops safety programs, policies, goals and objectives, and establishes

guidelines to support and assess effectiveness of the mishap prevention program.

1.6.10.3. Acts as liaison for safety matters with DoD components, federal agencies and

private sector groups.

1.6.10.4. Prepares and publishes Air Force Instructions covering Air Force-unique

operations and provides implementation guidance for applicable standards.

1.6.10.5. In conjunction with AF/SG and AFCEC, develops special guidance for Air Force

operations where federal regulations, AFI and AFOSH guidance is not available or is

inadequate.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 17

1.6.10.6. Serves as the approving authority and repository for all safety-related variances

and exemptions within the Air Force.

1.6.10.7. Coordinates testing to ensure Air Force compliance with DoD Explosives Safety

standards.

1.6.10.8. Develops procedural rules to ensure compliance with DoD and Department of

Energy (DoE) rules related to nuclear systems.

1.6.10.9. Coordinates, facilitates, develops and provides safety education and training

where appropriate.

1.6.10.10. In coordination with MAJCOMs-FLDCOMs/DRUs/FOAs, ensures identified

safety hazards and deficiencies are managed within the hazard abatement program

(Chapter 4, Hazard Identification, Reporting and Abatement).

1.6.10.11. Performs safety evaluations of MAJCOMs, FLDCOMs, DRUs, and FOAs with

a safety staff at least every 48 months.

1.6.10.12. Collects annual OSHA 300, Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illness, and

OSHA Form 300A, Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illness, for submission to the

Bureau of Labor and Statistics by 30 May each year.

1.6.10.13. Manages the Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS)

survey process and conducts Organizational Safety Assessments (OSA) of organizations

or wings, as requested by commanders.

1.6.10.14. Reviews records disposition for functional records IAW AFMAN 33-363,

Management of Records, and 29 CFR Part 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational

Injuries and Illnesses.

1.6.10.15. Provides and maintains a centralized suite of mishap reporting, data collection

and analytical tools or resources for use at all levels of the Air Force Safety enterprise.

1.6.10.16. Conducts specialized analyses and studies at the request of the Congress, Chief

of Staff of the Air Force, Air Force Chief of Safety, Headquarters Air Force, and

MAJCOM-FLDCOM/DRU/FOA Commanders.

1.6.10.17. Provides discipline specific subject matter experts in safety.

1.6.10.18. Coordinates with applicable agencies to ensure safety requirements and issues

(e.g., safety related FAR clauses) are addressed in guidance and directives.

1.6.10.19. Serves as consultants on assessments, evaluations and mitigation of human

factors and human performance hazards.

1.6.10.20. Performs Air Force-level trend analysis of mishaps, incidents, risk, hazards and

errors, and publishes results.

1.6.10.21. Serves as safety consultants for safety related investigations.

1.6.10.22. Maintains and upgrades the Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS)

program, database and all associated information technology tools necessary for AFSAS

operation and maintenance.

18 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.10.23. Serves as the lead agent for the overall cross-functional integration and

sustainment effort of Air Force Risk Management processes and procedures IAW AFI 90-

802.

1.6.10.24. Conducts the Air Force Senior Safety Advisory Council.

1.6.10.25. Conducts the Air Force Occupational Safety Corporate Committee.

1.6.10.26. Conducts the Air Force Space Safety Council.

1.6.10.27. Conducts the Air Force Aviation Safety Council.

1.6.10.28. Develops, implements and oversees the Air Force OSHA Process Management

system for the cross-functional integration and execution of occupational safety and health

events and procedures for Federal or State programs. Coordinates on installation- level

proposed responses related to occupational safety and health events.

1.6.10.29. Develops and publishes yearly high-interest spot inspection areas

(Occupational Safety Emphasis items), using five years of on-duty ground mishap data

analysis as part of the Occupational Safety Annual Program Management Review.

1.6.10.30. Publishes OSHA Cross-tells for each notice of violation received by an

installation to share data across the Air Force and DoD to support mishap prevention and

reduction efforts. (T-1) Cross-tells may be published to reinforce effective safety programs

identified during occupational safety and health events.

1.6.10.31. Develops and coordinates System Safety policy and guidance.

1.6.10.32. Evaluates safety risk assessment portions of High-Risk and Serious-Risk

acceptance packages for systems safety analysis. Reviews and coordinates on the High-

Risk acceptance packages before submission to SAF/AQ.

1.6.10.33. Provides independent assessments and advice on overall Acquisition and

Sustainment Program safety (residual hazards and associated risks) to Headquarters Air

Force senior leadership, as appropriate.

1.6.10.34. Participates in Headquarters Air Force (HAF)-level reviews for Acquisition and

Sustainment Programs. These reviews are one of the key opportunities to influence System

Safety in Acquisition and Sustainment Programs.

1.6.10.35. Represents the Air Force in system safety policy and guidance matters with

other DoD components and other government and non-government agencies.

1.6.10.36. Develops and implements System Safety training programs.

1.6.10.37. Provides advisors and consultants to System Safety Groups.

1.6.10.38. Reviews Air Force technical and management documents (capabilities

management documents, program management directives, System Safety Group charters)

for inclusion of appropriate safety requirements.

1.6.10.39. Reviews and comments on mishap reports for technical content and lessons

learned.

1.6.10.40. Provides members, advisors and consultants to the Non-nuclear Munitions

Safety Boards, Laser System Safety Review Board and safety study groups for terrestrial

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 19

nuclear reactors. Provides a senior advisor to the chair of the US Air Force Nuclear

Weapons System Safety Group. Refer to AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board,

and AFI 91-102, Nuclear Weapon System Safety Studies, Operational Safety Reviews, and

Safety Rules.

1.6.10.41. Evaluates the System Safety of Directed Energy Weapons needed for Air Force

operations via the Directed Energy Weapons Safety Board. This safety consideration is a

System Safety effort which considers the Directed Energy Weapons hazard posed to

Airmen and all pertinent Air Force equipment. Safety of a Directed Energy Weapon device

shall be considered before purchase or during design, using AFI 91-401, Directed Energy

System Safety, for safety design criteria.

1.6.10.42. For system-related mishaps, determines whether the Program Manager

previously identified the hazards that played a role in the mishap sequence and had

included those hazards in its Systems Engineering ESOH Risk Management efforts.

1.6.11. Program Executive Officers (PEOs) ensure that programs within their portfolios are

integrating ESOH concerns into the overall systems engineering process using the system

safety methodology in Military Standard (MIL-STD)-882E, DoD Standard Practice for

System Safety, as required by DoDI 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, and

AFI 63-101/20-101, Integrated Life Cycle Management. They perform periodic program and

technical reviews of programs within their portfolios. These required reviews include the

results of each program’s System Safety and safety Risk Management efforts. This ensures

that System Safety is overseen alongside other cost, schedule and performance issues. PEOs

are the acceptance authorities for “Serious” program safety risks and coordinate on “High”

program safety risks.

1.6.12. MAJCOM/DRU/FOA/Numbered Air Force (NAF)/Center Commanders/Directors:

1.6.12.1. Direct implementation and provide resources for the mishap prevention program.

1.6.12.2. Establish and maintain a safety program that provides a safe and healthful

workplace. Ensure command guidelines meet or exceed applicable safety program

requirements.

1.6.12.3. Ensure subordinate commanders enforce compliance with occupational safety

and health requirements.

1.6.12.4. Ensure a process is in place for new commanders to receive training on their

safety responsibilities.

1.6.12.5. Ensure procedures are developed to identify command mishap trends and direct

actions and resources in order to establish goals and objectives to reverse identified adverse

mishap or safety program trends.

1.6.12.6. Ensure safety program performance is included in rating of subordinate

commanders, and senior civilian supervisory personnel’s performance using guidance

provided by AF/A1 as called for in paragraph 1.6.6.2.

1.6.12.7. Advocate with applicable organizations for funding priorities for hazard

abatement projects during the MAJCOM corporate planning, programming and budgeting

process.

20 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.12.8. Coordinate safety directives, instructions and supplements with the AF Safety

Center. Subordinate unit supplements will be approved by their parent command.

MAJCOM-FLDCOM programming plans, safety annexes, Concept of Operations, etc.,

should be shared with the Safety Center and MAJCOM-FLDCOM safety staffs as cross-

feed items. When such documents impact other commands, coordination with the Safety

Center is required.

1.6.12.9. Ensure command personnel are aware of commander’s goals and related

expectations for safety.

1.6.12.10. Ensure contracts include provisions requiring contractors to maintain an

effective safety and health program on Air Force-owned sites that complies with applicable

DoL, DoD, and Air Force safety standards.

1.6.12.11. Ensure all personnel are provided requisite formal and informal training

courses, educational programs and other activities to enable them to meet their respective

mishap prevention responsibilities.

1.6.12.12. Ensure conduct of the MAJCOM Environment, Safety and Occupational Health

Council adhere to requirements of AFI 90-801.

1.6.12.13. Support and ensure installations execute cooperative efforts to reduce injuries

and illnesses across the Air Force by implementing safety and occupational health

management systems throughout their command.

1.6.12.14. Convene Safety Investigation Boards and receive out briefs IAW AFI 91-204,

Safety Investigations and Hazard Reporting.

1.6.13. MAJCOM/DRU/FOA/NAF/Center Safety Staffs:

1.6.13.1. Oversee implementation of the mishap prevention program within their

organization.

1.6.13.2. Evaluate management, implementation and effectiveness of the Air Force

Mishap Prevention Program within the command IAW this instruction.

1.6.13.2.1. Ensure the evaluation criteria includes a qualitative rating system with

written criteria, to measure compliance, adequacy and effectiveness of the safety

program and safety management system.

1.6.13.2.2. Report results directly to MAJCOM-FLDCOM/DRU/FOA/NAF/Center

Commander/Directors. Based on assessment/evaluation results, identify opportunities

for continuous improvement.

1.6.13.2.3. Track program evaluation deficiencies and monitor corrective actions until

closure.

1.6.13.2.4. Review and analyze applicable mishap reports from other organizations for

lessons learned. Distribute mishap prevention data and other safety related

communications to subordinate units. Note: Lessons learned can be viewed via the

AFSEC SharePoint®.

1.6.13.3. Assist and advise commanders and supervisors at all levels to understand their

responsibility to ensure plans, procedures, facilities, equipment modifications/acquisitions,

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 21

hardware, software, and operations receive a safety review and incorporate effective risk

management, hazard elimination/mitigation and mishap reduction features.

1.6.13.4. Represent the cross-functional interest of their command during applicable

councils, committees, and meetings, e.g., Senior Safety Advisory Council, Occupational

Safety Corporate Committee, Non-Nuclear Munitions Safety Board, Explosives Safety

Committee, Flight Safety Corporate Committee, and Space Safety Council.

1.6.13.5. Coordinate with appropriate staff agencies to ensure explosives site plans comply

with explosives and other safety criteria.

1.6.13.6. Advocate for funding of safety training for command safety personnel. Maintain

a current list of safety training courses required/completed by each career safety

professional, as defined by paragraph 2.1.2, to include name of course(s), date courses

completed and courses required. MAJCOMs-FLDCOMs/FOAs/DRUs can delegate

tracking of training.

1.6.13.7. Coordinate, facilitate, develop and provide safety education and training and

required funding to assist command safety personnel in meeting their continuing education

unit (CEU) requirements through various funding sources available, i.e., civilian personnel,

base level civilian training, Air Force Personnel Center (AFPC), Federal Safety and Health

councils, as well as organizational funding.

1.6.13.8. Evaluate local On-the-Job Training (OJT) and continuation training of safety

personnel during safety program evaluations.

1.6.13.9. Review all Class A and B mishap investigation reports for thoroughness and

accuracy. (T-1) Class C and below reports may be released at the convening authority level

without MAJCOM-FLDCOM review. Ensure the findings, causes and recommendations

of reports comply with the direction in AFI 91-204 and the applicable manuals: AFMAN

91-221, Weapons Safety Investigations and Reports, AFMAN 91-222, Space Safety

Investigations and Reports, AFMAN 91-223, Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports,

and AFMAN 91-224, Ground Safety Investigations and Reports.

1.6.13.10. Ensure a process is in place to identify, train and track training of potential

safety investigation board members within the MAJCOM staff.

1.6.13.11. Ensure all personnel with access to privileged safety information receive annual

training on the proper handling procedures and document the training. Note: For those

with AFSAS accounts, training may be recorded in their AFSAS Training Module.

1.6.13.12. Assist commanders and functional managers on implementation and integration

of risk management language into command operations and instructions to include risk

assessment processes.

1.6.13.13. Develop and submit supplements for organization unique AFI and AFOSH

guidance to AFSEC for approval prior to publication. Supplements must delineate methods

for accomplishing safety program management responsibilities and should consider

guidance on:

1.6.13.13.1. The process for scheduling and conducting commander-requested Staff

Assistance Visits (SAVs) for subordinate units.

22 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.13.13.2. Conduct analysis at the installation level and below. Safety staffs should

use available resources to identify and analyze mishap trends and guidance and present

to subordinate units and commanders for mishap prevention.

1.6.13.13.3. Command mishap tracking and recommendation procedures IAW AFI

91-204.

1.6.13.13.4. Review of safety alert messages (which could come from a number of

sources, e.g., manufacturers, users, Program Managers) and verify subordinate units

take appropriate actions.

1.6.13.13.5. Coordinating and processing annual and recurring safety awards in

accordance with AFMAN 36-2806, Awards and Memorialization Program. Air Force

Safety Award Guide functional community awards criteria can be located online at

https://www.safety.af.mil/Home/Safety-Awards/. The eligibility criteria and

submission procedures for Air Force level awards, functional community awards, and

awards sponsored by other Federal agencies and non-Federal entities are provided

online at https://access.afpc.af.mil/.

1.6.13.13.6. Providing command unique training to subordinate units’ safety staff.

1.6.13.13.7. Responsibilities and/or expectations of the NAFs in regards to the

management and implementation of the Air Force Mishap Prevention Program.

1.6.13.14. Providing MAJCOM-unique requirements to subordinate units for

implementation into local Air Force Supervisor Safety Training (SST) classes.

1.6.13.15. Coordinates the cross-functional integration and execution of occupational

safety and health events, responses and procedures as prescribed within this instruction.

1.6.13.16. Consider designating high interest areas for spot inspections using their

MAJCOM-specific mishap trends and the AFSEC Occupational Safety Emphasis Items.

1.6.13.17. Provide direction and guidance identifying documentation, by discipline, which

must be uploaded in the unit’s Management Internal Control Toolset (MICT). Refer to AFI

90-201, The Air Force Inspection System, and AFI 33-360 for additional guidance.

1.6.13.18. Review and supplement, as needed, the Occupational Safety Emphasis Items

based on MAJCOM-specific mishap trends. Prescribe these emphasis items to subordinate

installations for inclusion in their High Interest Spot Inspection program.

1.6.13.19. Each MAJCOM with acquisitions not accomplished by SAF/AQ programs

must appoint a trained System Safety Manager to act as the point of contact to facilitate

System Safety matters.

1.6.13.19.1. Specify any requirements for safety features that could reduce risk,

hazards or their effects. Safety personnel must identify particular safety constraints as

early as possible to the Program Office, preferably as a part of a formal requirements

document, endorsed by the Lead Command’s proponent office for the system. These

System Safety constraints could affect the command mission, base locations, unique

operational use, support concepts or meteorological operating environments dealing

with the weapons system.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 23

1.6.13.19.2. Participate as System Safety Group (SSG) members and System Safety

Working Group (SSWG) members, as appropriate. Ensure the Programmatic

Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Evaluation (PESHE) includes adequate

operational safety criteria and meets the DoDI 5000.02 requirements. Ensure material

mishap recommendations are included in the Lead MAJCOM cycle and efforts/results

are addressed by program offices.

1.6.13.19.3. Designate a trained focal point in the MAJCOM Safety Office responsible

for System Safety advocacy for the Command. Provide AFSEC Flight Safety Division

(AFSEC/SEF), AFSEC/SEG, AFMC System Safety Branch (AFMC/SES) and Air

Force Space Command System Safety Branch (AFSPC/SEK) (space programs only)

with the name of the focal point. Note: Trained focal point is someone who has

completed a formal System Safety course.

1.6.13.19.4. Work closely with non-SAF/AQ program managers to facilitate the Lead

Command’s coordination role in the System Safety risk acceptance process. Jointly

determine the overall level of risk and document the acceptance of this risk level with

the appropriate authorities.

1.6.13.19.5. Use the principles of system safety to discover previously unidentified

hazards and/or changes in the level of risks in fielded systems. Provide relevant

information to the program manager for risk mitigation efforts.

1.6.13.20. Lead Commands will consolidate Using Command’s requirements and

represent these needs to program offices.

1.6.14. Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) and United States Space Force (USSF):

1.6.14.1. Develop policy and provide guidance on applying System Safety management

and engineering.

1.6.14.2. Identify and correct product safety deficiencies, give technical assistance to

mishap investigation boards, and implement corrective action involving materiel safety

aspects of mishap reports as required by AFI 91-204. Manage budgets provided for mishap

investigation support.

1.6.14.3. Ensure system, aviation, space, occupational, directed energy, and

weapons/explosives safety experts are consulted early in the life cycle of acquisition

programs.

1.6.14.4. Maintain a master hazard abatement program for centrally procured systems and

equipment applied to end products.

1.6.14.5. Ensure design criteria complies with commercial standards, military

requirements and joint standards, as well as applicable AFOSH and/or OSHA

requirements.

1.6.14.6. Periodically review design handbooks, TOs, military specifications, military

standards, and Allowance Standards (AS) to ensure safety and health criteria and

procedures in those documents comply with safety guidance. Ensure human factors and

reduction of human error potential are factored into the system design, through the use of

System Safety Groups, Human Factors review, etc., and based upon inputs from System

Safety and Human Systems Integration activities.

24 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.14.7. Monitor the Government Industry Data Exchange Program, distributes

information and corrective action to eliminate or reduce use of hazardous products.

1.6.14.8. Develop and encourage use of human factors standards in mishap prevention.

1.6.14.9. Ensure use of tools that address human error identification and reduction related

to fatigue, stress, and other emotional, psychological or physiological factors.

1.6.14.10. Establish and maintain the Air Force's capability to support system safety

efforts on major weapon system acquisitions.

1.6.14.10.1. Develop and coordinate MAJCOM centric guidance and policy for system

safety.

1.6.14.10.2. Ensure program offices and the lead and using commands coordinate

when modifications or changes in system use affect safety.

1.6.14.10.3. Evaluate mishaps and mishap trends to identify deficiencies that engineers

and managers may have overlooked or incorrectly analyzed during system

development.

1.6.14.10.4. Specifically, notify AFSEC of Program Lead System Safety Manager

assignment and location.

1.6.14.10.5. Ensure level of support, training and experience of System Safety staff is

appropriate for each Program.

1.6.14.10.6. Ensure all Center system safety managers annually report RM policies

conforming to paragraph 11.1.3, along with a current list of all Component

Acquisition Executive (CAE)- or Program Executive Officer (PEO)-accepted risks for

their programs. Provide a consolidated annual report for all programs to AF/SE and

SAF/AQ.

1.6.14.10.7. Appoint a trained System Safety manager to act as the point of contact to

facilitate system safety matters.

1.6.14.10.8. Air Force Materiel Command:

1.6.14.10.8.1. Ensures Centers document safety criteria and hazards identified

during their efforts throughout the program life cycle. Provides support as required

to ensure the responsible organizations include a safety hazard analysis with any

development or modification to be evaluated, assessed or tested within AFMC and

the using command.

1.6.14.10.8.2. Facilitates information exchange between AFMC Centers, HQ

AFSEC and the user to maintain operational safety of AFMC managed weapon

systems and end items.

1.6.14.10.8.3. Ensures AFMC/SES forwards to AFSEC/SEFE not later than 1

November in every even-numbered year, an update to the USAF Aviation Safety

Equipment Database in the format described in paragraph 13.4., USAF Aviation

Safety Equipment Database Reporting, reflecting fleet status on the last day of the

preceding fiscal year.

1.6.14.10.8.4. AFMC/SES is responsible for System Safety Engineering Analysis

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 25

efforts but may delegate these as required.

1.6.14.10.8.5. AFMC/SES shall ensure each Center has a designated Center

System Safety Manager (CSSM).

1.6.14.10.9. Air Force Space Command. Ensures launch and on-orbit hazards are

identified. Provides input to the acquisition framework to ensure system safety is

considered throughout the space system life cycle.

1.6.15. Air Education and Training Command (AETC):

1.6.15.1. Reviews new and revised technical training course specialty and job qualification

training objectives and outlines to ensure safety requirements are being met.

1.6.15.2. Ensures mishap prevention programs and risk management concepts are

embedded in technical training and Professional Military Education.

1.6.15.3. Incorporates AFOSH program orientation into training programs for officer and

enlisted accessions and new civilian employees.

1.6.15.4. Develops and oversees safety training guidance for the development and

management of formal technical training (non-flying), OJT, ancillary and additional duty

training, automated training record and learning management systems, and Mission

Readiness Training.

1.6.16. Program Managers organize their offices, based on system acquisition program size

and complexity, to execute the system safety requirements elaborated by the DoD and Air

Force in DoDI 5000.02, AFI 63-101/20-101, and MIL-STD-882E. Acquisition Category

(ACAT) I Acquisition and Sustainment Program Managers integrate system safety into their

program’s overall Systems Engineering effort at the same level where day-to-day engineering

decisions are being made. This allows System Safety professionals to most effectively

influence system design.

1.6.16.1. Ensure that ESOH concerns are integrated into the overall systems engineering

process using the system safety methodology in MIL-STD-882E, as required by DoDI

5000.02 and AFI 63-101/20-101. The Program Manager appoints a System Safety Manager

(SSM) to serve as the program focal point for the System Safety Program.

1.6.16.2. Program offices must document and report status of all High-Risks and Serious-

Risks as part of their risk management. This information is also required to be documented

in the PESHE (if a PESHE is required for the program). Applicable current High- and

Serious-Risks must be presented at each Program and Technical Review. For High- and

Serious-Risks, program managers must prepare a written risk decision package IAW

paragraph 13.9., Preparation of Risk Assessments. (T-1) Paragraph 13.9 is also

recommended for all other risk assessments.

1.6.16.3. The Program Manager (PM) shall provide safety releases containing all

identified hazards, implemented mitigation measures and accepted risks to developmental

and operational testers as part of testing and fielding new or modified systems or end items

prior to any test involving personnel. As a minimum, the safety release will contain the

information in paragraph 13.10., Safety Release.

26 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.17. System Safety Managers (SSMs) and System Safety Engineers (SSEs) will monitor

operational experience, mission changes, environmental effects or system modifications to

identify and correct hazards throughout the life cycle of a system or facility. When a program

(e.g., an aircraft or a space vehicle) has an embedded sub-program (e.g., an aircraft engine or

hosted payload), which could create inter-related safety risk at the higher system level, both

program managers will ensure their Systems Engineering Plans include processes to identify

inter-related safety risks and to integrate RM and mitigation efforts for safety risks. When

assigned to Program Offices, SSMs and SSEs:

1.6.17.1. Will have direct lines of communication to PMs to advise them on system safety

matters.

1.6.17.2. Must have introductory space safety course training when assigned to a program

involved in the acquisition of a space system.

1.6.17.3. Work within the Program Manager’s organizational structure to perform system

safety functions IAW the methodology in MIL-STD-882E.

1.6.17.4. Integrate System Safety efforts with systems engineering and other functional

areas within the program.

1.6.17.5. Identify and assess safety hazards and risks throughout the program life.

1.6.17.6. Annually report safety RM policies, accepted risks and those that require PEO

or higher action for their program to the Center System Safety Manager.

1.6.17.7. Incorporate safety requirements and design criteria into appropriate program

documents.

1.6.17.8. Work with Systems Engineering staff to provide System Safety risk assessments

for program and technical reviews.

1.6.17.9. Develop, recommend and oversee efforts to verify effectiveness of mitigation

measures.

1.6.17.10. Develop and implement tracking procedures for all identified hazards and

mitigation measures. Document management decisions for acceptance of risks.

1.6.17.11. Conduct SSGs/SSWGs meetings, when required, for their program.

1.6.17.12. Prepare formal risk assessment packages for acceptance at the appropriate level

IAW paragraph 13.9., DoDI 5000.02, AFI 63-101/20-101 and MIL-STD-882E.

1.6.17.13. Ensure System Safety requirements are clearly defined and presented to the

appropriate decision authorities for integration into the Systems Engineering process for

their program.

1.6.17.14. As part of the preparations for fielding new or modified systems, ensure Air

Force Operational Test Evaluation Center (AFOTEC), using commands and Air Force

Sustainment Center Chief of Safety (AFSC/SE), as well as other validated stakeholders,

are provided with a listing of all High- and Serious-Risks (and Low- and Medium-Risk on

specific request), their mitigation measures, as well as risk assessment and acceptance

documentation.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 27

1.6.17.15. SSMs shall participate in Configuration Control Boards (CCBs), deficiency

review boards, Integrated Test Team, and other meetings where system safety concerns

may be addressed.

1.6.18. When assigned as a Center System Safety Manager (CSSM):

1.6.18.1. AFMC and SSC Centers will have a trained full-time CSSM in the center safety

office, unless waived by MAJCOM System Safety Functional. The CSSM should be level

II acquisition certified.

1.6.18.2. If a center has a full-time system safety staff, the chief of this staff will be the

CSSM.

1.6.18.3. CSSMs should be members of applicable center senior engineering venues such

as Acquisition Strategy Panel, to remain informed of top-level issues and provide cross-

tell.

1.6.18.4. CSSMs or their designated staff members will be members or advisors of SSGs

and Mishap Review Panels and CCBs. Note: Full-time SSMs may represent system safety

in lieu of the CSSM on program-unique CCBs, Mishap Review Panels and SSGs.

1.6.18.5. CSSMs will conduct annual meetings with all center system safety personnel to

cover refresher training, cross-tell items, and new developments in system safety.

1.6.18.6. The CSSM will coordinate on the safety portion of the PESHE for programs

managed at the Center.

1.6.18.7. CSSMs must provide annual overviews to the MAJCOM/SE and AF/SE on the

safety RM policies and status of all risks requiring PEO or CAE action for all programs

managed at their Center.

1.6.18.8. Promote standardization through the cross-flow of best practices.

1.6.19. When assigned to Lead/Using Command, System Safety Officers, Managers and

engineers:

1.6.19.1. Must be familiar with System Safety policy and guidance.

1.6.19.2. Support the Initial Capabilities Document, Capability Development Document

and Capability Production Document development effort IAW AFPD 90-8, Environment,

Safety, and Occupational Health Management and Risk Management. Safety personnel

must work with the Environmental and Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) staffs to

identify ESOH constraints as early as possible to prevent adverse impacts on command

mission, base locations, operational use, support concepts or meteorological operating

environments associated with systems.

1.6.19.3. Assist in coordinating user concurrence for safety risk acceptance decisions.

1.6.19.4. Interpret hazard data provided by the program manager for the system users.

1.6.20. Test Organizations. During both development and operational test and evaluation, test

organizations will review and validate program office and airworthiness board risk assessments

for hazards that were not eliminated through redesign. The test organizations on request will

provide the using commands with their recommendations on program office and airworthiness

28 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

board risk assessments. The test organizations on request will provide to the program office a

summary of the test hazards and the mitigating actions for all serious and high-test hazards.

1.6.21. Installation Commander:

1.6.21.1. Directs implementation and provides resources for the mishap prevention

program.

1.6.21.2. Provides safe and healthful workplaces for all installation personnel.

1.6.21.3. Ensures leadership at all levels enforces safety and occupational health

standards. Based on assessment/evaluation results, identifies continuous improvement

opportunities, goals and objectives via the Annual Program Management Review (APMR).

1.6.21.4. Promotes safety and occupational health awareness (e.g., culture, environment,

and atmosphere) and enforce personal accountability.

1.6.21.5. Promotes and supports Airmen participation in safety and health program

activities.

1.6.21.6. Provides incentives to Airmen for participation in Airmen-led safety and health

program activities. Refer to AFI 65-601V1, Budget Guidance and Procedures, for

guidance regarding promotional or incentive gifts and awards, including exceptions.

1.6.21.7. Develops and implements safety and health programs and risk management

processes that integrate hazard reduction and safety policy into on and off-duty operations

and activities.

1.6.21.8. Serves as chairperson of the ESOHC. Refer to AFI 90-801 for additional

information and guidance.

1.6.21.9. Reviews interim control measures and establishes funding priorities for master

hazard abatement projects.

1.6.21.10. Ensures safety and occupational health program requirements and mishap

prevention are part of the measurement of group/squadron commanders and senior civilian

supervisory personnel’s performance appraisals using guidance provided by AF/A1.

1.6.21.11. Minimizes assigning full-time safety personnel additional duties not directly

associated with duties described in 91-series directives and their supplements. Note: This

expectation should be applied to all safety offices, installation or tenant.

1.6.21.12. Ensures functional managers and supervisors (rather than the safety staff) take

actions to mitigate hazards and reduce risk.

1.6.21.13. Integrates safety and occupational health into all operations and missions of the

installation’s organizations.

1.6.21.14. Emphasizes risk management and personal accountability.

1.6.21.15. Ensures the installation safety office has established written procedures to

define how to support OSHA representative(s) during official installation visits or

inquiries. These procedures will be approved by the installation commander.

1.6.21.16. Publishes guidance informing command personnel of expectations for safety

and occupational health.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 29

1.6.21.17. Ensures commanders, functional managers, and requirements generators work

with their responsible contracting and safety office to ensure all contracts require

contractors and subcontractors (e.g., contract aircraft maintenance and grounds

maintenance) to provide a contractor safety and health plan (as required) to the contracting

office. Additionally, promptly reports pertinent facts regarding mishaps involving

government personnel or property incidental to work performed as part of the Statement of

Work that occur on or off an Air Force installation IAW AFI 91-204.

1.6.21.18. Provides adequate funding and support for safety and occupational health

program (e.g., funding for required safety training).

1.6.21.19. Ensures an APMR is accomplished by the safety office IAW this instruction to

determine Air Force Safety Management System (AFSMS) effectiveness and to make

necessary changes to the future program elements as a means of continual improvement.

1.6.21.20. Ensures safety personnel are properly trained to the appropriate level for

deployment prior to being deployed.

1.6.21.21. Will review the annual calendar year (CY) OSHA 300 and sign the OSHA Form

300A for the OSHA establishment code related to their organization and delineated in

AFSAS, no later than 31 January each year for posting by 1 February. This task may be

delegated to the vice commander or executive director. Note: Tenant units on Air Force

installations with full-time qualified safety personnel except those defined in paragraph

1.6.22.5 will be responsible for producing their own OSHA 300 and 300A to include

posting of the form. Codify this responsibility in the related host/tenant support agreement.

At all joint bases, this responsibility will be codified in the formal Inter-Service

Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). Any tenant unit safety staff generating their own

OSHA 300 and 300A will send a courtesy copy to the installation safety office.

1.6.21.22. Serves as chairperson for OSHA visit meetings to the installation. This may be

delegated to the deputy commander or Chief of Safety. Ensures proper coordination and is

the final signature on official responses from the installation to OSHA. The final signature

may be delegated no lower than the deputy commander.

1.6.21.23. Convenes safety investigations IAW AFI 91-204. The commander may appoint

all personnel in their safety office as Investigating Officers for Class C – E events, to be

detailed to specific investigations by the Chief of Safety. Commander appointments should

be in writing when possible.

1.6.21.24. Promotes a Just Culture which provides Airmen an environment where they can

report hazards, near misses, work-related injuries, and illnesses without fear of reprisal.

1.6.22. Installation Safety Office:

1.6.22.1. Oversees implementation of the mishap prevention program.

1.6.22.2. Advises commanders, functional managers, supervisors, and employees on

safety matters.

1.6.22.3. Provides safety office member as an active participant of the FECA working

group, if one is held at the installation. Lends support to specific issues and assists with

problem solving at other base meetings, e.g., Aerospace Medicine Council, Occupational

and Environmental Health Working Group, Sports Council, etc.

30 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.22.4. Manages proactive on and off-duty safety programs, focusing on identifying and

mitigating latent conditions, which are deficiencies within the organization or supervision

negatively affecting job performance, hazards or mishap outcome.

1.6.22.5. Conducts safety program assessments and inspections of their command

subordinate units, both local and geographically separated. Conducts the annual safety

inspection of tenant units without a fulltime safety staff or as otherwise specified IAW

Support Agreements. The tenant unit inspection will include a validation of job safety

training and documentation at least every two years. Tracks open findings and

discrepancies until closure. Note: Installation will not perform safety program assessments

or inspections of tenant organizations with full-time safety staff, unless otherwise specified

in host/tenant support agreement. HAF, MAJCOM-FLDCOM, AFOTEC, NAF and Center

safety offices are not configured as a traditional safety office IAW the latest version of the

Air Force Manpower Standard (AFMS) and are, therefore, treated as a tenant unit without

an assigned safety staff. They will follow the installation program unless otherwise

specified in a host/tenant support agreement. Special consideration may be needed for

Guard or Reserve safety offices with only traditional Guardsmen or Reservists.

1.6.22.6. Ensures appropriate assignment of OPRs or Offices of Collateral Responsibility

for mishap recommendations and that they are notified and actively manage the

recommendations through closure, providing status updates as outlined in AFI 91-204.

1.6.22.7. Manages installation master hazard abatement program. Assigns RACs to safety

hazards and coordinates with health and fire protection officials when required.

1.6.22.8. Processes hazard reports and manages the hazard reporting process.

1.6.22.9. Conducts safety education programs and provides assistance to supervisors in

developing Job Safety Training Outlines (JSTOs) and Job Hazard Analyses (JHAs).

Completes Part 4 of AF Form 1754, Job Capability and Safety Analysis, when submitted

by Medical Treatment Facility (MTF).

1.6.22.10. Reviews airfield waiver packages, to include airfield construction

phasing/safety plans. (T-2)

1.6.22.11. Oversees Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) programs in

coordination with Airfield Manager, flying operations and civil engineering. (T-1)

1.6.22.12. Ensures mishaps are properly investigated and reported IAW AFI 91-204 and

discipline specific manuals (e.g., AFMANs 91-221, 222, 223, 224). Exception: Tenant

units with full-time safety staff will investigate and report mishaps for their unit. Assigns

safety office personnel to specific Class C-E mishap investigations when the commander

has appointed those personnel as the investigating officer.

1.6.22.13. Ensures all personnel with access to privileged safety information receive

annual training on the proper handling procedures and documents the training. For those

with AFSAS accounts, training may be recorded in their AFSAS Training Module. Assists

medical personnel in training and obtaining access to AFSAS occupational illness, OSHA

events and hazard management (i.e., RACs) modules.

1.6.22.14. Maintains a list of potential Safety Investigation Board (SIB) members who

have completed the formal training requirements according to AFI 91-204 and discipline

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 31

specific manuals (e.g., AFMANs 91-221, 222, 223, 224), and provides a copy to

MAJCOM/SE when requested, through the NAF or Center safety office, as applicable. In

addition, maintains a list of potential medical consultants for SIBs such as Psychologists,

Flight Surgeons, and Aerospace and Operational Physiologists (AOP)/Aerospace and

Operational Physiology Technicians who have completed Aircraft Mishap Investigation

and Prevention (AMIP), Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC) or the Mishap

Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA) course.

1.6.22.15. Provides potential Interim Safety Board (ISB) and SIB members identified in

paragraph 1.6.22.14 with annual training on the basics of mishap investigation. Note:

This requirement is applicable to Air Force Reserve (AFR) units who have identified

individuals as potential ISB members or have established ISB support responsibilities

through MOA/Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). This annual training is also

required for potential medical consultants for SIBs (identified in paragraph 1.6.22.14),

such as Psychologists, Flight Surgeons, and Aerospace and Operational

Physiologists/Aerospace and Operational Physiology Technicians, who have completed at

least one of the following courses: AMIP, AMIC or MINA. Annual training will be

consistent with DAFMAN 48-149, Flight and Operational Medicine Program (FOMP),

paragraph 9.3.4, and in consultation with the installation Safety Office and MTF/SGP.

Note: The intent is for Installation Safety Offices to have a reasonable sized roster of

members and specialists who are able to provide ISB/SIB support on short notice.

1.6.22.16. Develops and coordinates the Mishap Response Plan, addressing all disciplines,

in conjunction with Installation Emergency Manager for integration with the overall

Installation Emergency Management Plan. The plan will define roles, responsibilities and

notification requirements for leadership and all involved agencies. Reviews other

emergency plans and procedures to include, but not limited to: SAFE HAVEN, SAFE

PARKING, Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) and disaster response required by AFI 10-

2501, Air Force Emergency Management Program. Ensures safety concerns, procedures,

notification, etc., are addressed. The Installation Emergency Management Plan should

include elements of and reference existing plans concerning the following (paragraph

13.5., Mishap Response):

1.6.22.16.1. Disaster response required by AFI 10-2501.

1.6.22.16.2. HAZMAT response required by AFI 10-2501.

1.6.22.16.3. Response to aircraft in-flight and ground emergencies.

1.6.22.16.4. Response to severe weather watches and warnings.

1.6.22.16.5. Crash recovery plans.

1.6.22.16.6. Notifying and convening investigation boards.

1.6.22.16.7. Procedures for missing aircraft.

1.6.22.16.8. Procedures and training for extracting crewmembers from local and

common transient aircraft.

1.6.22.17. Provides mishap prevention and education material to subordinate and tenant

units.

32 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.22.18. Identifies explosives siting requirements and submits for approval, according

to the Defense Explosives Safety Regulation (DESR) 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201,

Explosives Safety Standards. Coordinates on facility siting and construction projects

through the installation or space base delta facilities board. Conducts annual review of

composite constraints mapping of explosives quantity distance arcs in conjunction with

Civil Engineering (CE).

1.6.22.19. Assists responsible commanders and supervisors to ensure plans, procedures,

facility and equipment modifications/acquisitions, hardware, software and operations

receive a safety review based on RM and hazard elimination/mitigation. Note: Safety staff

qualifications may preclude hardware and software safety reviews.

1.6.22.20. Functions as the primary point of contact and process manager for all OSHA

related activities. This includes cross-functional management of all federal and state OSHA

visits to the installation, OSHA requests for self-investigations/inspections, and

recordkeeping responsibilities, to include Employees’ Compensation Operations and

Management Portal. Assigns roles to OSHA cross-functional representatives as needed,

including tenant unit safety office when the OSHA event involves the tenant unit. Upon

request from OSHA, provide copies of AF Forms 978, Supervisor’s Preliminary

Mishap/Incident Report, and/or OSHA Rapid Response Reports. Refer to paragraph

13.3., Federal/State Inspections of DoD Working Conditions and Mishap Investigations,

for additional information.

1.6.22.21. In collaboration with Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE), assists the

contracting officer through the Multi-Functional Team (MFT) as needed to ensure that the

contractor safety and health plan includes all required elements identified in the

Performance-Based Work Statement. The contractor is directly responsible for complying

with federal and state OSHA standards for its employees.

1.6.22.22. Administers the Safety Awards Program IAW AFMAN 36-2806 to ensure

proper recognition of personnel.

1.6.22.23. Create annual program management review report. See paragraph 3.5, and

paragraph 13.2., Annual Program Management Review, of this instruction.

1.6.22.24. Documents duties delegated among installation and tenants in a MOA or similar

formal document, with tenant/joint base organizations’ responsibilities spelled out.

1.6.22.25. Employs the Occupational Safety Manager to act as initial Evaluating Agent

during the 1S0X1 retraining evaluation process. Refer to paragraph 14.4. S0X1 Retrainee

Evaluation Process.

1.6.22.26. Supports installation planning and execution of Air Force Open Houses as

described in AFI 10-1004, Conducting Air Force Open Houses. (T-2)

1.6.22.27. Installation safety offices may not impose installation command-unique

requirements on tenant units unless specified in the applicable support agreement. Tenant

USAF units without full-time safety authorizations receive the same safety services as

installation subordinate units. (Note: HAF, MAJCOM, AFOTEC and NAF safety offices

are not configured as a traditional safety office IAW latest AFMS and are, therefore, treated

as a tenant unit without an assigned safety staff. They will follow the installation program

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 33

unless otherwise specified in a host/tenant support agreement.) Support Agreements will

identify and delineate responsibilities. Non-USAF tenant units may be provided safety

services based on support agreements IAW DoDI 4000.19, Support Agreements, and AFI

25-201, Intra-Service, Intra-Agency, and Inter- Agency Support Agreements Procedures.

Note: Installations may require reimbursement for services provided.

1.6.23. Installation Contracting Office:

1.6.23.1. Directs implementation and provides resources to support the installation

contracting role within the mishap prevention program.

1.6.23.2. Ensures provisions for safety clauses are included in the contract solicitation

IAW FAR/DFARS/AFFARS, including the Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation

Supplement Clause 5352.223-9001, Health and Safety on Government Installations.

1.6.23.3. Ensures contractor’s past performance in safety is a consideration during the

selection process for those contractors whose employees are expected to work on a

government installation(s) more than 1,000 hours per quarter (this may include a

comparison of the contractor’s three year total recordable incident rate and three year days

away, restricted and/or transfer case incident rate to the most recently published Bureau of

Labor Statistics national average for the specific National American Industry Classification

System or other similar information).

1.6.24. Installation Medical Wing/Group Commanders:

1.6.24.1. Direct implementation and provide resources to support the installation medical

role within the mishap prevention program.

1.6.24.2. Ensure comprehensive and coordinated occupational and environmental health

surveillance and education programs are established and implemented.

1.6.24.3. Ensure patient safety programs are developed and fully implemented in

compliance with DoDI 6025.13, Medical Quality Assurance and Clinical Quality

Management in the Military Health System, AFI 44-119, Medical Quality Operations, and

appropriate civilian standards.

1.6.24.4. Ensure timely notification to the installation safety office, or other safety

office(s) per support agreements, for any injury producing events that occurred to military

members (on-duty and off-duty), and DoD civilians on-duty IAW AFI 44-102, Medical

Care Management. At a minimum, the following medical information will be released to

fulfill requirements for OSHA injury reporting as defined in 29 CFR Part 1904:

1.6.24.4.1. Name of the injured individual.

1.6.24.4.2. Organization.

1.6.24.4.3. Date of injury.

1.6.24.4.4. Date of treatment.

1.6.24.4.5. Diagnosis of injury, a brief description of the nature of the injury. (Use

latest version of International Classification of Disease codes).

34 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.24.4.6. Severity of injury, whether the treatment given was greater than first aid

(as defined by 29 CFR 1904.7 (b) (5) (i)), if the individual was placed on quarters (and

how long) and if the individual was hospitalized and the estimated hospital duration.

1.6.24.5. Consistent with AFI 41-200, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability

Act (HIPAA), medical information will be released to safety personnel for military

members treated in the MTF for on-duty or off-duty injuries, and for civilian members

treated in the MTF for on-duty injuries.

1.6.24.6. When the MTF discovers that injured individuals (military on-duty or off-duty

and civilian on-duty) are seen at a civilian hospital or clinic, as much injury information

listed above that is obtained will be reported to safety. IAW DoDM 6025.18,

Implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Privacy Rule in DoD Health Care Programs, all disclosures to the safety office must be

documented by the MTF and kept by the MTF for a period of six years.

1.6.24.7. DELETED

1.6.24.8. Ensure occupational illnesses are thoroughly investigated and reported using the

Occupational Illness Module and AFSAS.

1.6.24.9. As applicable, ensures the Bioenvironmental Engineer or Public Health officer,

attends all federal/state official in-briefs and out-briefs, accompanies officials during all

health-related inspections/investigations.

1.6.24.10. The Chief of Aerospace Medicine (SGP) or Occupational Medicine physician:

1.6.24.10.1. Provides oversight for the occupational health program and ensures

medically appropriate risk assessment and medical surveillance activities are

conducted IAW AFI 48-101, Aerospace Medicine Enterprise, DAFI 48-145,

Occupational and Environmental Health Program, DoD 6055.05-M, Occupational

Medical Examinations: Medical Surveillance and Medical Qualifications, and 5 CFR

Part 339, Medical Qualification Determinations.

1.6.24.10.2. Provides consultative services on occupational and environmental health

and safety issues that affect the framework of the AFSMS.

1.6.24.10.3. Provides urgent clinical services for occupational injuries and

occupational illnesses in DoD civilian employees. Performs routine surveillance,

periodic evaluation, fitness for duty evaluations, pre-placement evaluations and

disability evaluations IAW AFI 48-101, AFI 48-145, DoD 6055.05-M and 5 CFR Part

339.

1.6.24.10.4. Maintains a list of Flight Surgeons who are potential medical officers on

ISBs or SIBs and track the dates of the AMIP training and previous SIB experience. In

addition, tracks Psychologists, and Aerospace and Operational

Physiologists/Aerospace and Operational Physiology Technicians, who have

completed AMIP, AMIC, MINA or Aviation Safety Program Management (ASPM)

courses. Provides a list to installation Chief of Safety, MAJCOM/SGP, and appropriate

agencies. Ensures Flight Surgeons, trained Psychologists, Aerospace and Operational

Physiologists, and Aerospace and Operational Physiology Technicians are trained

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 35

annually on the basics of mishap investigation and privilege by the installation safety

staff or flight safety officer (FSO).

1.6.24.10.5. Attends the FECA Working Group, if one is held at the installation.

Medical participation in FECA program will be IAW DoDI 1400.25-V810, DoD

Civilian Personnel Management System: Injury Compensation. Participates in military

and civilian lost work/duty time initiatives.

1.6.24.10.6. Accomplishes additional occupational health and safety responsibilities

as delineated in AFI 48-101.

1.6.24.11. Flight Surgeons/Aerospace and Operational Physiologists (AOP)/ Aerospace

and Operational Physiologists Technicians.

1.6.24.11.1. Direct implementation and provide resources to support the installation

medical role within the mishap prevention program.

1.6.24.11.2. Provide human performance and human factors analysis on identified

hazards and evaluate controls to reduce or mitigate risks.

1.6.24.11.3. Support the wing’s aircrew flight equipment and flying safety programs.

1.6.24.11.4. Assist in targeted occupational safety improvements, training of safety

staff and unit safety representatives in human factors and human factors hazard

mitigation strategies. Provide consultant services for safety activities and

investigations.

1.6.24.11.5. Support wing RM, crew resource management, and maintenance resource

management programs to optimize war fighter performance and safety in the

operational environment.

1.6.24.11.6. Act as Human Systems Integration consultants for aircraft, space,

weapons and Warfare Centers at the wing level.

1.6.24.11.7. Provide ISB/SIB members for military mishaps IAW AFI 91-204 and its

related AF Manuals.

1.6.24.12. Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE):

1.6.24.12.1. Manages the occupational and environmental health surveillance

programs IAW AFI 48-145 and AFMAN 48-146, Occupational and Environmental

Health Program Management. Identify health-related deficiencies and assign health-

related RACs.

1.6.24.12.2. Conducts occupational and environmental health evaluations and health

risk assessments of workplaces, maintains survey reports, as required (IAW DoDI

6055.05, Occupational and Environmental Health), and provides access to all

documents at request by the employee, supervisor or union representative as permitted

by governance such as the Privacy Act, Freedom of Information Act, etc.

1.6.24.12.3. Performs health risk assessments and notifies the applicable safety office

of assigned health RACs 1-3.

1.6.24.12.4. Maintains access to pertinent health-related OSHA standards/ guidelines,

Air Force requirements, and other OSHA guidelines pertaining to occupational health.

36 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.24.12.5. Attends all federal/state official (Federal OSHA, State OSHA, NIOSH,

Environmental Protection Agency, etc.) in-briefs and out-briefs, accompanies

inspectors during all health-related inspections/investigations. As applicable, the

Bioenvironmental Engineer, provides occupational health subject matter expertise

consultation to a unit receiving a OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working

Conditions.

1.6.24.12.6. Determines the need for and adequacy of occupational health-related

personal protective equipment (PPE), engineering controls, substitution and

administrative controls to reduce exposures.

1.6.24.12.7. Maintains the ability to provide Safety Data Sheets upon request for all

hazardous materials used in the industrial workplaces on the installation.

1.6.24.12.8. Provides radiological protection program management as the installation

radiation safety officer, when appointed, IAW AFI 48-148, Ionizing Radiation

Protection.

1.6.24.12.9. As needed, provides a representative to the FECA Working Group to offer

BE-rated expertise. Note: At non-collocated AFR installations BE is the full- time

BE/Public Health Office that is aligned under the Mission Support Group. At collocated

AFR Wings/Groups, where regular Air Force is host and AFR units are tenant, BE is

aligned under the regular Air Force Military Treatment Facility (MTF). A Host/Tenant

Support Agreement between the regular Air Force installation and AFR tenant shall

outline support provided by the regular Air Force BE Flight to AFR units.

1.6.24.12.10. Identifies and manages health-related RACs using the Defense

Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System while also meeting the

requirements of the installation master hazard abatement plan process procedures.

1.6.24.13. Public Health:

1.6.24.13.1. Communicates occupational health education requirements and available

resources to supervisors. Responsible as the initial point of contact for occupational

medical monitoring.

1.6.24.13.2. Reports cases of occupational illness to the installation occupational

safety office through AFSAS.

1.6.24.13.3. Investigates and reports occupational illness IAW AFI 91-204.

1.6.24.13.4. Provides a representative to actively participate in the FECA working

group (if one exists) and the ESOHC to provide consultation on epidemiology,

occupational illnesses, and other occupational health program areas.

1.6.24.13.5. Attends all federal/state official in-briefs and out-briefs, accompanies

officials during all health-related inspections/investigations. As applicable, the Public

Health officer provides occupational health subject matter expertise consultation to a

unit receiving an OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions.

1.6.24.14. Psychologists who are AMIP, AMIC or ASPM trained or have completed a

post-doctoral fellowship in operational psychology will work in conjunction with Flight

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 37

Surgeons to provide consultant services on human factors investigations and analysis of

military aircraft mishaps.

1.6.25. Installation Civil Engineer:

1.6.25.1. Directs implementation and provides resources in support of the civil

engineering role within the mishap prevention program.

1.6.25.2. Provides cost data and status information on hazard abatement actions associated

with real property facilities and real property installed equipment. Coordinates corrective

actions with the applicable installation and/or tenant unit safety office.

1.6.25.3. Coordinates siting and construction plans with the installation safety office and

ensure explosives site plans have been approved before beginning construction as required

in DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201.

1.6.25.4. Ensures an environmental review and coordinates new construction, facility

modification projects or work request documents with installation safety, fire protection,

environmental management, and BE offices. Also, ensures they are included in associated

project approval, design review meetings and acceptance inspections.

1.6.25.5. Notifies safety, environmental management, BE and fire protection offices of

major base maintenance projects, e.g., digging permits, road markings, welding projects

outside the CE shops.

1.6.25.6. Ensures RACs are incorporated into project prioritization for corrective actions.

1.6.25.7. Coordinates airfield waiver packages with airfield manager, installation or

applicable safety office, and installation commander.

1.6.25.8. Performs fire investigations IAW DoDI 6055.07 and AFI 91-204.

1.6.25.9. Provides traffic engineering expertise.

1.6.25.10. Teams with the MFT to ensure contractor operations are compliant with safety

and health requirements of the contract.

1.6.25.11. Provides a foundation informational map and facility data (common installation

picture and real property inventory) for safety offices to apply and publish their unique

map(s). Any changes to common installation picture or real property inventory data must

be coordinated with the installation safety office.

1.6.25.12. Attends all federal/state official in-briefs and out-briefs, accompanies officials

during all fire-related inspections/investigations. As applicable, the Fire Department

provides subject matter expertise consultation to a unit receiving a OSHA Notice of Unsafe

or Unhealthful Working Conditions.

1.6.26. Installation Security Forces Commander.

1.6.26.1. Directs implementation and provides resources to support the security forces’

role within mishap prevention program.

1.6.26.2. Provides the Chief of Safety and/or Occupational Safety Manager (OSM) a copy

of Security Forces (SF) blotter entries involving injury or death resulting from a mishap,

motor vehicle mishaps (government or private motor vehicle), property damage as a result

38 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

of a mishap, and any others as deemed appropriate by the SF commander. Provides

completed investigation reports when requested by the Chief of Safety or OSM. Blotter

entries may be retrieved electronically or through the appropriate SF office after they have

been processed.

1.6.26.3. Notifies command post of all safety related issues as determined in a locally

devised installation notification matrix.

1.6.26.4. Upon request from Chief of Safety or occupational safety (installation or tenant

unit), coordinates with local or state law enforcement to obtain off-base traffic accident

reports and/or data.

1.6.26.4.1. Traffic accident reports may include vehicle accident involving death or

serious injury to a military member, DoD civilian or dependent of regular Air Force

member.

1.6.26.4.2. Traffic accident data may include areas which are identified as high traffic

incident areas or areas which travel is deemed unsafe (as deemed by the installation

commander) under certain conditions.

1.6.27. Commanders other than the installation commander:

1.6.27.1. Direct implementation and provide resources for the mishap prevention program.

1.6.27.2. Implement a safety and health program in their unit or area of responsibility.

Where commanders are not authorized full-time safety personnel, they will appoint a

primary and alternate Unit Safety Representative (USR) to assist them in implementing

their safety program. Notify the installation safety office, in writing, of the appointment of

USRs in order to schedule USRs for training.

1.6.27.3. Ensure safety and health training, to include risk management, is provided to all

personnel based on requirements from regulatory guidance, and the specific needs of the

organization. (T-1)

1.6.27.4. Implement and use RM principles at all levels within the unit.

1.6.27.5. Ensure a proactive mishap prevention program is implemented to include

procurement and proper use of PPE, and facility compliance with AFOSH guidance and

OSHA standards. Note: Overseas installations will also need to consider host nation

standards.

1.6.27.6. Ensure hazard abatement actions needed to control identified hazards are

implemented and follow-up actions are complete. Update fire, safety and BE offices, as

appropriate, on abatement actions every 180 days until the hazard(s) is abated.

1.6.27.7. Ensure request for equipment, products and services using purchase orders

and/or Government Purchase Card (GPC) are reviewed for potential safety and health

impact in accordance with DAFI 64-117, Government Purchase Card Program, and

AFMAN 32-7002, Environmental Compliance and Pollution Prevention. Note: Ensure

government purchase card program addresses requirement to coordinate purchase of

hazardous chemicals, munitions and industry equipment through the installation or

applicable tenant unit safety office. DAFI 64-117 limits guidance for GPC purchase of

munitions for bird/wildlife aircraft strike hazard (BASH) management. DAFMAN 21-201,

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 39

Munitions Management, requires proper staffing protocol for Global Ammunition Control

Point approval prior to acquiring or using commercial off-the-shelf COTS munitions.

1.6.27.8. Establish a management strategy integrating safety and health into all operations

and missions and ensure functional managers and supervisors take actions to mitigate

hazards and reduce risk.

1.6.27.9. Ensure all personnel are briefed on the findings and recommendations contained

in occupational and environmental health risk assessments and reports. A copy of the

survey report will be posted in a conspicuous location in the workplace for a period of 10

days after receipt to allow all employees free access to the findings. These reports will be

maintained on file in the workplace for a minimum of two years.

1.6.27.10. Provide the opportunity for Airmen to participate in safety and health program

activities and/or committees.

1.6.27.11. Communicate safety and health expectations to personnel in their command and

hold them accountable for compliance with applicable standards.

1.6.27.12. Encouraged to establish an off-duty High Risk Activities Program to ensure

personnel participating or planning to participate in high-risk activities take appropriate

safety measures to reduce the likelihood of their involvement in a mishap. High risk

activities are defined in Attachment 1, while paragraph 15.4., Air Force Off-Duty High

Risk Activities Program, contains sample guidance for those units that may adopt the

optional program. Note: MAJCOMs can define their own list of high risk activities.

Briefings may be documented on AF Form 4391, High Risk Activities Worksheet. If

commanders or supervisors at any level choose to make this program mandatory it will

apply only to regular Air Force personnel.

1.6.27.13. Appoint Motorcycle Safety Representatives IAW AFI 91-207, The US Air

Force Traffic Safety Program.

1.6.27.14. Will ensure their safety office, if authorized one and staffed, accomplishes an

APMR in accordance with this instruction.

1.6.27.15. Ensure applicable OSH guidance for the workplace and operations are available

to personnel.

1.6.27.16. Ensure their unit complies with the installation safety office procedures for

OSHA related events on the installation.

1.6.27.17. Ensure representation at all unit/organization related federal/state official in-

briefs and out-briefs, during all inspections/investigations. Ensure a unit receiving an

OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions consults with the applicable

subject matter expert and crafts any related correspondence to OSHA in preparation for the

Installation Commander’s endorsement and release.

1.6.27.18. Commanders of Operational Units.

1.6.27.18.1. Support, as appropriate, participation in SSGs and SSWG meetings to identify

risks and hazards.

40 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.27.18.2. Coordinate issues affection System Safety with the MAJCOM

Representatives, the Program Office, the System Safety Group, and AFSEC as

appropriate.

1.6.27.18.3. Ensure the unit risk management effort uses Program Manager’s System

Safety hazard information in its risk assessments, as appropriate.

1.6.28. Work Center/Shop Supervisors:

1.6.28.1. Direct implementation and provide resources for the mishap prevention program.

1.6.28.2. Understand and enforce the safety and health standards that apply to their areas,

operations and operations involving their subordinates. Demonstrate knowledge of their

roles and responsibilities with relation to risk management and mishap prevention.

1.6.28.3. Shall not require personnel to work in environments and conditions hazardous to

their safety or health without first providing adequate elimination, substitution, engineering

controls, administrative controls, and/or PPE.

1.6.28.4. Shall provide safe working conditions by:

1.6.28.4.1. Ensuring required guards, interlocks, enclosures, other protective

equipment and tools are provided, used, properly maintained, and inspected daily prior

to use.

1.6.28.4.2. Providing required safety related training.

1.6.28.4.3. Providing proper required PPE.

1.6.28.4.4. Exercising control over job tasks to ensure personnel follow all precautions

and safety measures, including the proper use of PPE.

1.6.28.4.5. Taking immediate action to correct any violation of safety rules observed

or reported to them.

1.6.28.4.6. Ensuring actions are taken to promptly eliminate hazards and correct

deficiencies, and ensure any hazards identified by an AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard,

are added to the JSTO and employees are trained on the interim control measures and

documented IAW paragraph 14.1., Job Safety Training Outline (JSTO).

1.6.28.5. Use risk management techniques to analyze work environment and job tasks for

hazards. Conduct a Deliberate Risk Assessment or JHA of job tasks as required to

determine potential hazards for each work task. It shall be accomplished when new

equipment is installed, equipment is modified/relocated or new procedures are

implemented in critical or hazardous operations. Refer to paragraph 13.6., Job Hazard

Analysis (JHA), for additional guidance.

1.6.28.6. Ensure employees exposed or potentially exposed to hazardous chemicals or

materials are trained on the hazards of those chemicals and materials per AFI 90-821,

Hazard Communication, including information from the Safety Data Sheet for each

chemical or material used. BE and the installation or applicable tenant unit safety office

will be consulted for selection of PPE. In addition, ensure work center/shop is authorized

to be used in accordance with AFMAN 32-7002.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 41

1.6.28.7. Develop a work center-specific JSTO based on paragraph 14.1 on safety, fire

protection/prevention and health requirements. Documents will be maintained and

centrally located, readily available to supervisor and individual. The mandatory items can

be documented as one item, i.e., course code for JSTO mandatory training. Job specific

items and any additional training identified in a BE survey will be documented

individually, as appropriate.

1.6.28.7.1. Methods of documentation may include, but are not limited to, the AF Form

55, Employee Safety and Health Record, electronic mediums such as AFFORMs/MAF

LOG C2/G081 or locally developed products. If the AF Form 55 is mandated for use

as the training documentation device, the entity that mandated the form usage will

prescribe the requirement in writing to include entries that require signatures, e.g.,

HAZCOM, respirator, powered industrial trucks, lockout/tagout, fall protection,

confined spaces, radiation safety, laser safety, etc. Note: Training requirements vary,

i.e., some documents may require the signature of the supervisor or the person who

conducted the training, while other documents may require the initials of the individual

(trainee) and trainer/supervisor.

1.6.28.7.2. Documentation will contain the following minimum data: trainee name

(last, first, middle initial), type of training and date of training. Neither the trainer nor

trainee signature is required unless specified in writing by the applicable chain of

authority. Note: If the Maintenance Information System cannot support minimum

documentation requirements, then it is not suitable as a documentation product.

1.6.28.8. Provide and document work area specific safety, fire protection and health OJT

to all DoD employees and volunteers before assigning them duty tasks requiring this

training. This includes OSHA, AFOSH directives, AFPDs, AFIs, AFMANs, etc. Review

JSTO annually, update and retrain employees when new tasks or equipment are added, or

when existing tasks change, whichever comes first.

1.6.28.8.1. The home station supervisor shall ensure a copy of the documented training

is sent with the deploying personnel and the deployed supervisor shall collect the

documentation from the deployed individual.

1.6.28.8.2. Ensure subordinates receive a safety briefing from the temporary duty

(TDY) locations safety staff on known hazards associated with TDY locations. Provide

and document job safety training at the TDY locations as specified in paragraph

1.6.28.13. The TDY supervisor will ensure the individual is provided a copy of the

documented training to return to the home station supervisor.

1.6.28.9. Planned workloads will be assigned to qualified employees ensuring they

understand the work to be completed along with the potential hazards and abatement for

those hazards.

1.6.28.10. Report all mishaps that occur on-duty and all off-duty mishaps involving

assigned military personnel, and related subsequent Airmen absences to the supporting

safety office IAW AFI 91-204. The AF Form 978 will be used to document Ground, Motor

Vehicle and Afloat mishaps to the Unit Commander and the Installation Safety Office. Use

of the AF Form 978 for mishap reporting within the Aviation, Weapons, and Space

disciplines is optional. For appropriated and Non-Appropriated Fund Air Force employee

42 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

occupational injuries and illnesses, supervisors will complete the required Compensation

Act/Longshore (CA/LS) forms IAW the servicing civilian personnel office or Non-

Appropriated Fund Human Resources Office processes.

1.6.28.11. Ensure AF Form1118 issued by qualified safety, fire protection or BE officials

is posted to alert personnel to the hazardous conditions and interim control measures.

1.6.28.12. Accomplish Air Force Supervisor Safety Training.

1.6.28.12.1. Attend Supervisor Safety Training course as scheduled by applicable

safety office.

1.6.28.12.2. Prior to attending, supervisors will complete the Supervisor Safety

Training computer-based training located on Air Force Distributed Learning Service

(ADLS) and bring their completion certificate to the classroom portion of the course.

1.6.28.13. Consider providing an interactive pre-departure safety briefing to all active duty

regular Air Force military personnel, reserve component personnel in a duty status and

civilian personnel performing official duties scheduled for travel outside the local area.

Refer to paragraph 15.3., Pre-Departure Travel Safety (Examples Only), for

recommended guidance.

1.6.28.14. Conduct and document monthly spot inspections of their work areas IAW

paragraph 3.7 of this instruction.

1.6.28.15. Upon notification that a military employee is pregnant, direct the employee to

report to Public Health immediately in order to ensure they receive appropriate education.

1.6.28.15.1. Ensure a workplace evaluation is scheduled and completed.

1.6.28.15.2. Advise pregnant civilian employees of the same opportunities so they may

choose to take advantage of the program, if desired.

1.6.28.16. Provide employees an environment where they can report work-related injuries

and illnesses without fear of reprisal.

1.6.28.17. Will encourage and support employee participation in safety and health

program activities and/or committees.

1.6.28.18. Ensure personnel requiring occupational health medical examinations attend

scheduled medical appointments.

1.6.28.19. Ensure safety program requirements are part of measurement of non-

supervisory personnel’s performance appraisals using guidance provided by AF/A1.

1.6.28.20. Ensure applicable OSH guidance for the workplace and operations are available

to personnel. Supervisors at Outside Continental United States locations shall ensure

applicable host-nation safety guidance is available. Note: Electronic or paper products are

acceptable.

1.6.28.21. Complete an OSHA Rapid Response Report when requested by safety staff and

return to safety office by their suspense date. See paragraph 13.3 for additional guidance.

1.6.28.22. When delegated by unit commander, attends all work center related

federal/state official in-briefs and out-briefs, accompanies officials during all

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 43

inspections/investigations and ensures a work center receiving a OSHA Notice of Unsafe

or Unhealthful Working Conditions crafts any related correspondence to OSHA in

preparation for the installation Commander’s endorsement and release. Note: Also, when

delegated by unit commander, ensures a work center receiving a OSHA Notice of Unsafe

or Unhealthful Working Conditions consults with applicable subject matter expert(s).

1.6.29. Airmen. An all-encompassing term used to indicate all Department of the Air Force

members, both uniformed military and DoD civilian employees working for the Air Force.

Airmen shall:

1.6.29.1. Comply with all occupational safety and health instructions, guidance, technical

orders, job guides and operating procedures.

1.6.29.2. Apply RM principles in both on-duty and off-duty activities to enhance the safety

and well-being of themselves and other personnel.

1.6.29.3. Assess personal safety and the safety of surrounding employees while

performing assigned tasks as well as off-duty activities.

1.6.29.4. Identify and report hazardous conditions that place personnel or property at risk

to supervision, facility manager, USR, or safety office, without fear of coercion,

discrimination or reprisal. Use the AF Form 457, USAF Hazard Report, or Airman Safety

Action Program, as appropriate.

1.6.29.5. Promptly report personal injury, property damage, near misses and any suspected

exposure to biological, chemical or nuclear hazardous materials to their supervisor without

fear of coercion, discrimination or reprisal, i.e., occupational illness and on-duty injury to

DoD military and civilian personnel, and off-duty injury to DoD military personnel.

1.6.29.6. Immediately report to their supervisor if they believe that they have a physical

or mental condition that they feel may impact safe job performance.

1.6.29.7. Use prescribed PPE for job tasks to include inspecting and maintaining it IAW

applicable guidance.

1.6.29.8. Ensure required guards, interlocks, and enclosures are in place and properly used.

1.6.29.9. Comply with required medical surveillance examinations.

1.6.29.10. Military members will immediately notify their primary care managers of a

known pregnancy and make an appointment with Public Health to initiate a workplace

evaluation for exposures that may be hazardous to the fetus and determination of work

restrictions.

1.6.29.10.1. Government civilian employees are encouraged to notify their supervisor

of a known pregnancy and to make an appointment with Public Health for a workplace

evaluation, but are not required to do so.

1.6.29.10.2. Any employee with questions regarding how their worksite exposures can

affect immediate family members (e.g., spouse, children) should contact Public Health.

1.6.29.11. DoD personnel must be protected from coercion, discrimination, or reprisals for

participation in the safety and occupational health program IAW DoDI 6055.01.

1.6.29.12. Use official on-duty time to take part in safety activities.

44 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.29.13. Hand-carry or electronically transfer safety training documentation, provided

by their supervisor, to the new supervisor when deploying or transferring to another

government position/location. Note: Upon separation or retirement from government

service the employee is entitled to copies of their safety training documentation.

1.6.29.14. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, Safety Organization, 3, Safety Assurance,

4, Hazard Identification, Reporting and Abatement, 5, Information and Data Analysis, 13,

Supporting Guidance, 14, Safety Training, and 15, Miscellaneous Safety Information, for

additional guidance.

1.6.30. The Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC):

1.6.30.1. Ensures agency/center support for occupational safety and health-related events.

1.6.30.2. Ensures Air Force fire, and safety policies meet, exceed or receive proper waiver,

deviation, or exemption authority, as applicable, to federal regulatory standards, MIL-STD

3007G, Standard Practice Unified Facilities Criteria, Facilities Criteria and Unified

Facilities Guide Specifications, DoD Unified Facility Criteria (www.wbdg.org), National

Fire Protection Association, and/or other applicable agency requirements. (T-0)

1.6.30.3. Coordinates on installation-level proposed responses related to occupational

safety and health events.

1.6.30.4. Adopts national consensus standards and develops impending guidance for

standards developed by consensus code/standard bodies such as the International Code

Council and the National Fire Protection Association.

1.6.31. Headquarters, United States Air Force, The Air Force Judge Advocate (AF/JA),

primarily through the Air Force Safety Center Legal Office (AFSEC/JA) and the Air Force

Environmental Law and Litigation Division (AF/JAOE):

1.6.31.1. Ensures Air Force guidance meets or exceeds OSHA and other applicable agency

requirements.

1.6.31.2. Ensures Air Force correspondence to agencies such as OSHA are in compliance

with established legal and regulatory requirements.

1.6.32. Installation Legal Office. Ensure a legal representative attends all federal/state official

out-briefs, and reviews all correspondence to OSHA for installation Commander’s

endorsement and release after full coordination as specified within this instruction. (T-1)The

installation safety office may request a legal representative to attend in-briefs, as needed.

1.6.33. Acquisition and Sustainment Program Managers. The designated acquisition

individual (per DoDD 5000.01, The Defense Acquisition System) with responsibility for and

authority to accomplish program objectives for development, production, and sustainment to

meet the user’s operational needs. This term is used interchangeably with Program Manager.

Refer to this chapter and Chapter 11, System Safety and Safety Risk Assessments, for

additional guidance.

1.6.34. Additional Duty Flight Safety Officer. Additional duty flight safety officers are

assigned to the AEW/AEG safety offices. They are responsible for managing the flight safety

program for the expeditionary wing. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, Safety

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 45

Organization, 3, Safety Assurance, 6, Deployment and Contingency Safety, and 7, Aviation

Safety, for additional guidance.

1.6.35. Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representative (ADWSR). A person assigned to a

unit who is responsible for the additional duties that may include explosives safety, missile

safety, nuclear surety and directed energy safety. The ADWSR coordinates with the

installation safety office on these matters. Refer to this Chapters 2, 3, 6 and 9, Weapons Safety,

for additional guidance.

1.6.36. Career Field Manager. The chief master sergeant at Headquarters, Air Force Safety

Center, is responsible for organizing and managing the Safety career field. They will use the

Enlisted Development Team (EDT) to execute the progression, succession planning to ensure

there are sufficient personnel, and skill sets available to accomplish the mission. Refer to

Chapter 2 for additional guidance.

1.6.37. Career Safety Professional. Career safety professionals include all Air Force enlisted

safety career field personnel holding the Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) of 1S0 and those

civilians in the safety career field GS-0018, Occupational Safety and Health Manager or

Specialist; GS-0019, Safety Technician; GS-0017, Weapons Safety Manager or Specialist; GS-

1815, Air Safety Investigator; and GS-0803, Safety Engineer. Refer to this chapter and

Chapters 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, Occupational Safety, and 14.

1.6.38. Chief of Safety (COS). The COS (or Director in a civilian-led unit or

MAJCOM/FOA/DRU) manages the commander’s safety program, which may include flight,

occupational, space, system and weapons safety disciplines. Refer to this chapter and Chapters

2 – 4, 6 – 9, 10, Space Safety, 11, 12, Contract Safety, and 14 for additional guidance.

1.6.39. Commander. Commanders hold the authority and responsibility to act and to lead their

units to accomplish the mission. They can hold positions at the

MAJCOM/DRU/FOA/NAF/Center/Directors, wing, group and squadron levels. Commanders

must apply good risk management, accept risk and manage resources to adjust the timing,

quality and quantity of their support to meet the requirements of the supported commander.

They provide leadership emphasis to all safety disciplines. Refer to this chapter and Chapters

2 – 15 for additional guidance.

1.6.40. Component Acquisition Executive. A Component Acquisition Executive (CAE) is a

single official within a DoD component that is responsible for all acquisition functions within

that component. This individual serves as the risk decision authority for high risks. This term

is interchangeable with Service Acquisition Executive. Refer to this chapter and Chapter 11

for additional guidance.

1.6.41. Employee. The term Employee applies to all DoD civilian and military personnel, and

Department of the Air Force military personnel. This may also include Personal Services

Contractors (defined in Attachment 1, Terms. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 1, 3, 4, 8, 12,

14 and 15 for additional guidance.

1.6.42. Enlisted Development Team (EDT). This team will vector the 1S0 career field. They

will provide recommendations for training, education and experience requirements for the

most critical safety duty positions. Refer to Chapter 2 for additional guidance.

46 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.43. Flight Safety Manager (FSM). FSMs are civilians assigned to perform flight safety

officer duties. They manage flight safety programs for the Director/Chief of Safety and the

commander. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, 3 and 7 for additional guidance.

1.6.44. Flight Safety Non-Commissioned Officer (FSNCO). Full-time FSNCOs are assigned

to positions authorized by the Unit Manning Document. Their primary duty will focus on

aviation maintenance safety. Refer to Chapters 2, 3 and 7 for additional guidance.

1.6.45. Flight Safety Officer (FSO). Full-time FSOs are assigned to positions authorized by

the Unit Manning Document at the wing level or above. They are responsible for managing

the flight safety program for the Chief of Safety and the commander. Refer to this chapter and

Chapters 2, 3, 7 and 13 for additional guidance.

1.6.46. Milestone Decision Authority. - The designated individual (per DODD 5000.01) with

overall responsibility for a program. The MDA has the authority to approve entry of an

acquisition program into the next phase of the acquisition process and is accountable for cost,

schedule, and performance reporting to higher authority, including Congressional reporting.

Refer to Chapter 11 for additional guidance.

1.6.47. Non-typical Safety Staffs. Since their duties and responsibilities are those of the senior

safety advisor within their organization, they will report to their commander/director as they

manage the commander’s mishap prevention program. Refer to Chapter 2 for additional

guidance.

1.6.48. Occupational Safety Manager (OSM). The OSM manages the occupational safety

program for the Director/Chief of Safety and the commander (e.g., installation, center,

NAF/MAJCOM/FOA/DRU commanders). Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2 – 6, 8 and 12

– 14.

1.6.49. Program Manager. - The designated acquisition individual with responsibility for and

authority to accomplish program objectives for development, production, and sustainment to

meet the user’s operational needs. This term is used interchangeably with Acquisition and

Sustainment Program Manager. Refer to this chapter, and Chapters 11 and 13 for additional

guidance.

1.6.50. Safety Staff. Assigned safety professionals that are qualified to perform safety

discipline duties. Qualified safety professional’s work in the safety office and manage the

commander’s safety program. They ensure Air Force units understand and comply with all

safety requirements and standards. All safety disciplines will oversee the implementation of

the mishap prevention program. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2 – 14 for additional

guidance.

1.6.51. Satellite Anomaly Resolution Team. Group established to resolve a spacecraft

anomaly with the primary purpose of returning an on-orbit satellite to operations. Refer to

Chapter 10 for additional guidance.

1.6.52. Service Acquisition Executive. Service Acquisition Executive (SAE) is a single

official within a DoD service that is responsible for all acquisition functions within that service.

This individual serves as the risk decision authority for high risks. This term is interchangeable

with Component Acquisition Executive. Refer to this chapter and Chapter 11 for additional

guidance.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 47

1.6.53. Space Safety Manager. Personnel assigned to a space mishap prevention or mishap

investigation role. Refer to Chapters 2 and 10 for additional guidance.

1.6.54. Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer. Squadron assigned FSOs are assigned to

flying squadrons that do not have full-time positions by the Unit Manning Document. The

primary duty of the squadron-level FSO is to manage the squadron’s internal flight safety

program as directed by the squadron commander. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, 3 and

7 for additional guidance.

1.6.55. Supervisor. Supervisors whether officer, civilian or enlisted have a specific

responsibility to ensure assigned members comply with safety guidance and standards in this

instruction and correct them when they deviate. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 1 – 9 and

12 – 15 for additional guidance.

1.6.56. System Safety Manager. The assigned individual responsible for the application of

engineering and management principles, criteria and techniques throughout all phases of the

system life-cycle to optimize safety within the constraints of operational effectiveness, time

and cost. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, 10, 11, 13 and 14 for additional guidance.

1.6.57. System Safety Officer. This is a general term for a person (military or civilian) working

at a Lead MAJCOM (as defined in AFPD 10-9, Lead Command Designation and

Responsibilities for Weapon Systems) or operational command who represents the operational

community in system safety matters. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, 11 and 13 for

additional guidance.

1.6.58. Technology Executive Officer (TEO). The individual dedicated to executive

management and supervision of the Air Force Science and Technology portfolio, analogous to

a Program Executive Officer. The TEO shall be appointed and assigned by, and is accountable

to, the Air Force Service Acquisition Executive. Refer to Chapter 11 for additional guidance.

1.6.59. Unit Motorcycle Safety Representative. Unit motorcycle safety representative

responsibilities are defined in AFI 91-207.

1.6.60. Unit Safety Representative (USR). A person assigned to a unit who is responsible for

the additional duty safety responsibilities. May be a representative of flight, occupational or

weapons safety, and may include a more specific title such as additional duty weapons safety

representative or squadron assigned flight safety officer, etc. Refer to Chapters 2, 3, 6 – 9, 13

and 14 for additional guidance.

1.6.61. Weapons Safety Manager (WSM). The WSM manages explosives safety programs to

ensure Air Force and tenant units understand and comply with explosives safety, missile safety,

nuclear surety and directed energy safety standards. Refer to this chapter and Chapters 2, 3, 6,

9, 13 and 14 for additional guidance.

1.6.62. Space Operations Command (SpOC), and Space Training and Readiness Command

(STARCOM) Delta Commanders.

1.6.62.1. Direct implementation and provide resources for the Delta mishap prevention

program.

1.6.62.1.1. Delta commanders will appoint a USR to assist in implementing the

occupational safety program for the delta staff. Note: USR responsibilities may be

assigned to the Chief of Mission Safety (CMS), to consolidate safety functions within

48 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

one individual. However, those assignments are left to the discretion of the delta

commander.

1.6.62.1.2. The installation/space base delta safety office will be notified of this

appointment in order to schedule the USR for training. The USR will work closely with

the installation/space base delta safety office, who will oversee and manage the

implementation of the delta commander’s occupational safety program, as specified in

support agreements.

1.6.62.1.3. Appoint a Chief of Mission Safety to implement the space safety program

for any delta that owns or operates space systems.

1.6.62.2. Provide for a safe and healthy workplace for all Delta personnel.

1.6.62.3. Ensure leadership at all levels enforces safety and occupational health standards.

1.6.62.4. Promote safety and occupational health awareness (e.g., culture, environment

and atmosphere) and enforce personal accountability.

1.6.62.5. Provide the opportunity for DAF personnel to participate in safety and health

program activities.

1.6.62.6. Provide incentives to airmen for participation in guardian-led safety and health

program activities. Note: Refer to DAFMAN 65-605V1, Budget Guidance and Technical

Procedures, for guidance regarding promotional or incentive gifts and awards, including

exceptions.

1.6.62.7. Develop and implement safety and health programs and risk management

processes that integrate hazard reduction and safety policy into on- and off-duty operations

and activities.

1.6.62.8. Participate in installation/space base delta-led ESOHC. (T-2) Note: Refer to AFI

90-801 for additional information and guidance.

1.6.62.9. Review interim control measures and establish funding priorities for master

hazard abatement Delta-listed projects.

1.6.62.10. Ensure safety and occupational health program requirements and mishap

prevention are part of the measurement of commanders and senior civilian supervisory

personnel’s performance appraisals using guidance provided by AF/A1.

1.6.62.11. Minimize assigning additional duties to the Delta Chief of Mission Safety not

directly associated with duties described in 91-series directives and their supplements.

Note: This expectation should be applied to all safety offices, installation or tenant.

1.6.62.12. Ensure functional managers and supervisors (rather than the safety staff) take

actions to mitigate hazards and reduce risk.

1.6.62.13. Integrate safety and occupational health (concepts, principles, ideology, etc.)

into all operations and missions.

1.6.62.14. Emphasize risk management and personal accountability.

1.6.62.15. Follow installation/space base delta safety office written procedures that

support OSHA representative(s) during official installation visits or inquiries.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 49

1.6.62.16. Publish guidance informing delta personnel of expectations for safety and

occupational health.

1.6.62.17. Ensure commanders, functional managers and personnel generating

requirements work with their responsible contracting office and safety office to ensure all

contracts require contractors and subcontractors (e.g., contract aircraft maintenance and

grounds maintenance) to provide a contractor safety and health plan (as required) to the

contracting office. Additionally, all contracts require provisions for prompt reporting of

pertinent facts regarding mishaps involving government personnel or property incidental

to work performed as part of the statement of work that occur on or off an DAF installation

IAW DAFI 91-204.

1.6.62.18. Provide adequate funding and support for safety and occupational health

program (e.g., funding for required safety training, traffic safety programs, visits to

geographically separate units, temporary duty travel).

1.6.62.19. Submits to the parent Field Command Director of Safety an APMR,

accomplished by the full-time CMS, to determine AFSMS effectiveness and to make

necessary changes to the space safety mishap prevention program as a means of continual

improvement.

1.6.62.20. Convenes safety investigations IAW DAFI 91-204.

1.6.62.21. Receive a safety immersion briefing from their designated Field Command

safety office, advising of commander-level safety roles and responsibilities.

1.6.62.22. Promote a Just Culture which provides DAF personnel with an environment

where they can report hazards, near misses, work-related injuries and illnesses without fear

of reprisal.

1.6.63. Space Mission Delta Chief of Mission Safety (CMS).

1.6.63.1. Manage a mission-focused space safety program for the Delta Commander

(Delta/CC).

1.6.63.2. Advise Delta/CC and subordinate commanders on all safety and risk

management matters.

1.6.63.3. Develop and execute the Delta/CC’s space safety mishap prevention program.

1.6.63.4. Provide or arrange for safety support for assigned geographically separated units.

1.6.63.5. Work directly with the Field Command Safety staff to develop and execute space

safety programs.

1.6.63.6. Serve as the Delta/CC representative on the DAF Space Safety Council and

associated working groups.

1.6.63.7. Serve as the Delta/CC representative to installation-level safety groups.

1.6.63.8. Ensure primary and alternate Mission Safety Managers (MSMs) are appointed

in writing for each subordinate unit (e.g., squadrons, operating locations) with a space

mission IAW paragraph 2.1.8.

1.6.63.9. Provide and document training and qualifications of subordinate MSMs.

50 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1.6.63.10. Support investigations and reporting on space safety mishaps IAW DAFI 91-

204 and AFMAN 91-222.

1.6.63.11. Administer all aspects of space safety investigations where the Delta/CC is the

designated Convening Authority.

1.6.63.12. Ensure unit leadership is trained on safety reporting requirements.

1.6.63.13. Support higher headquarters space safety inspections and site visits.

1.6.63.14. Prepare the delta space safety program APMR.

1.6.63.15. Manage or arrange for appropriate unit access to the AFSAS.

1.6.63.16. Review unit taskers, policies, communications, etc., for safety equities.

1.6.63.17. Tailor space safety training materials to assigned mission(s).

1.6.63.18. Manage and track all required safety privilege training for assigned personnel

as required.

1.6.63.19. Handle and store all privileged safety information IAW DAFI 91-204, Chapter

4, Privileged Safety Information.

1.6.63.20. Integrate sound safety and risk management principles in all phases of unit

operations in order to increase mission effectiveness and achieve enhanced mission success

rates.

1.6.63.21. In coordination with the appropriate installation COS, ensure all assigned

mission facilities are assessed annually, or as otherwise specified in support agreements,

as part of the tenant unit inspection for DoD, federal, and where applicable, host-country

safety standard compliance.

1.6.63.22. Ensure subordinate units follow Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices

(ODMSP). Assist in preparation and track status of ODMSP exceptions to policy or non-

compliance notifications.

1.6.63.23. Assist in preparation and track status of space safety waiver requests and

provide copies of all dispositioned space safety waivers to the field command safety staff.

1.6.63.24. Manage hazard abatement processes associated with mission facilities and

operations.

1.6.63.25. Provide routine mission safety briefing materials to subordinate units, as

appropriate.

1.6.63.26. Disseminate Field Command-specific and delta-specific safety information to

subordinate units.

1.6.63.27. Ensure all assigned space operators have a basic understanding of space safety

and reporting requirements.

1.6.63.28. Develop and manage an awards program to ensure assigned personnel are

considered for recognition for achievements in space safety.

1.6.63.29. Establish and maintain a space safety library in accordance with paragraph

2.5.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 51

1.6.63.30. Develop relationships with mission partners critical to mission and weapon

system safety.

1.6.63.31. Ensure a support agreement is established between the delta and the supporting

installation that is providing traditional AFSMS support.

1.6.63.32. The delta CMS is delegated responsibility for tracking safety-related training

for all applicable safety disciplines and may delegate further as required to meet mission

needs.

1.6.63.33. Mishap Report and Recommendation Monitoring. The delta CMS will monitor

their organization’s mishap reports and follow-up on open recommendations until closed.

1.6.63.34. The delta CMS, with assistance from the host installation safety office, will

provide face-to-face training on the safety and health of the organization to new

commanders within their organizational chain within 60 days of their arrival or

appointment.

1.7. Waivers.

1.7.1. Waivers to safety explosive requirements will be processed in accordance with DESR

6055.09_AFMAN 91-201. (T-0)

1.7.2. Each commander/director will keep, at a minimum, the previous

commander’s/director’s waivers/deviation/exemption on file. (T-1)

1.7.3. Each commander/director will reevaluate risk throughout the

waiver/deviation/exemption period and adjust risk controls as necessary. (T-1)

1.7.4. Each applicable Safety Office shall brief previously approved and active safety waivers,

deviations or exemptions to incoming commanders, system program managers, and Chiefs of

Safety within 90 days of assignment. (T-1)

1.8. Military-Unique and Nonmilitary-Unique Policy. The Air Force policy is to comply with

AFOSH, OSHA, DoD and other non-DoD regulatory safety and health standards and guidance as

provided under federal law and IAW DoD policy with respect to military-unique and nonmilitary-

unique workplaces, operations, equipment and systems.

1.8.1. Military-Unique. 29 CFR Part 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee

OSHA, DoDI 6055.01 and Attachment 1 for additional guidance and information regarding

military-unique.

1.8.1.1. The Air Force shall apply AFOSH, OSHA, DoD and other non-DoD regulatory

safety and health standards and guidance to military-unique workplaces, operations,

equipment and systems in whole or in part, insofar as practicable. These standards shall

apply unless AFSEC or Air Force Medical/SG3P (AFMED/SG3P) coordinates on a

variance or exemption with a recommendation of an approval/disapproval for the risk

acceptance authority.

1.8.1.2. Air Force commanders who oversee workplaces, operations, equipment or

systems in question, will employ the guidance in 29 CFR Part 1960, DoDI 6055.01, and

this instruction when making military-unique determinations. (T-0) These process

procedures will be codified via technical orders, job guides, operations orders, a Job Hazard

52 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Analysis or some other means to address residual hazards and alternative protective

measures. (T-0)

1.8.2. Nonmilitary-Unique. Air Force personnel and units shall comply with OSHA, DoD,

AFOSH, and other non-DoD regulatory safety and health standards and guidance with respect

to nonmilitary-unique workplaces, operations, equipment and systems, regardless of whether

work is performed by military or civilian personnel. (T-0) Refer to DoDI 6055.01 and

Attachment 1 for additional guidance and information regarding nonmilitary-unique.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 53

Chapter 2

SAFETY ORGANIZATION

2.1. Safety Staff. All safety disciplines will be consolidated under a single Director or Chief of

Safety, as applicable. Full-time safety personnel must be trained and qualified to manage safety

programs. (T-0) Use the Air Force Manpower Standard (AFMS) 11H100

(https://usaf.dps.mil/search/Pages/results.aspx?k=11H100) to determine the size of the safety

staff. ARC units use applicable Command Manpower Standards or Guides to determine safety

staff size. All safety manpower requests or changes will be coordinated with the MAJCOM-

FLDCOM/SE and (for Regular AF requests/changes only) AFSEC Career Field Manager

(AFSEC/CFM) before submission to the local management engineering team. (T- 1) Manpower

variances can be submitted for safety staffs that conduct special programs IAW AFMS 11H100.

Note: The unit involved, the MAJCOM-FLDCOM safety office and the applicable manpower

staffs collaboratively determine the size of safety staffs for Joint Bases and other non- host units

excluded by AFMS 11H100. (T-2)

2.1.1. Chief of Safety (COS). The Chief of Safety (or Director in a civilian-led unit,

MAJCOM, Field Command (FLDCOM), FOA or DRU) reports directly to the commander

and manages the mishap prevention program for the commander (e.g., installation, space base

delta, center, NAF, MAJCOM, FLDCOM, FOA or DRU commanders). The COS must be

qualified in a primary mission weapons system of the unit, if one exists, or if the COS is a

civilian position, have a Safety Officer who is qualified in a primary mission weapon system

(except USSF). (T-1) Civilian COS must meet the qualification standards for Safety and

Occupational Health professionals stated in the Office of Personnel Management (OPM)

classification series (GS-0018 or GS-0803). (T-0) MAJCOM, FLDCOM, FOA or DRU

Directors of Safety will have previous safety experience (except USSF). (T-1) The AFR

equivalent to the above are Chiefs of Safety, which are 2181-series (pilot)/2183-series

(navigator) civilians.

2.1.1.1. When the COS is either Regular Air Force or Air Force Reserve (not applicable

to Air National Guard wing), he/she will be appointed on a memorandum signed by the

unit commander and be selected from a current or previous Squadron Commander/Director

of Operations/Chief of Safety list, or be a former Squadron Commander. (T-2)

2.1.1.2. Assigned individuals must complete the Chief of Safety Course (WCIP05B)

within 90 days of assuming the Chief of Safety position. (T-1) Air Force Reserve and ANG

Chief of Safety may substitute the Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety course

(ARCCOS101) and should make every effort to complete the requirement within 90 days

of assuming the Chief of Safety position. Note: In no case will Air Force Reserve and

ANG components exceed a 180 day limit. Waiver authority for this requirement will be

AFSEC. (T-1)

2.1.1.3. Assigned individuals must be available to serve as COS for a minimum of one

year after completion of training. (T-1)

2.1.2. Career Safety Professional. The Air Force/Space Force has an enlisted safety career

field (Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) 1S0X1) and a civilian safety career field (GS-0018,

Safety and Occupational Health Manager or Specialist; GS-0019, Safety Technician; GS-0017,

54 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Weapons Safety Manager or Specialist; GS-1815, Air Safety Investigator; and GS-0803,

Safety Engineer). These career safety personnel are assigned to positions authorized by the

Unit Manning Document. The safety career field is addressed in AFMAN 36-2100, Military

Utilization and Classification, and described in the Air Force Enlisted Classification Directory.

2.1.2.1. Professional Continuing Education and Training. Full-time safety professionals

working in authorized occupational safety positions as depicted in the Unit Manning

Document, must complete at least three safety-related CEUs per year. (T-2) For courses

with no assigned CEU value, one CEU is the equivalent of ten hours of course participation.

Note: This also applies to persons such as over-hires, career-broadeners, interns or similar

positions working within occupational safety. Other full-time safety professionals in

weapons, space and flight safety disciplines should consider similar continuing education

to remain up to date in their specialty. MAJCOMs/FLDCOMs may grant waivers for this

requirement for reasons to include personnel on extended deployments, manning shortfalls

and funding limitations. The wing or below chief of safety will document specific

circumstances and conditions when this training requirement cannot be met and is not

covered under a MAJCOM-FLDCOM level waiver. (T-2)

2.1.2.1.1. Professional continuing education and training is not the same as

qualification training where an individual could be decertified, downgraded or unable

to deploy, etc., if not trained to a specific level. The purpose of continuing education

and training is to help safety professionals expand their knowledge base and stay

informed on the latest technical and behavioral developments in the field of safety.

2.1.2.1.2. College, OPM and other safety professional development courses that do not

award CEUs, e.g., on-line training, seminars, webinars may be used to satisfy this

requirement, if approved by the MAJCOM-FLDCOM/SEs or their designee.

2.1.2.2. Chapter 14 contains a partial list of recommended safety courses that safety

professionals should consider when meeting CEU requirements. Additionally, Table 14.2

contains a list of AFSEC courses that will satisfy CEU requirements. Safety managers will

plan, program and budget for safety resources (e.g., to include sufficient safety training to

meet CEU requirements).

2.1.2.3. The award of Special Experience Identifier (SEI) 430 “Master Safety

Professional” requires the following requirements to be met:

2.1.2.3.1. Completion of an Associate’s Degree or higher in Safety.

2.1.2.3.2. Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA) course (Course Code: WCIP

059). Note: MINA is the preferred course; however, Introduction to Mishap

Investigation is a suitable substitute if personnel are unable to attend the MINA course.

2.1.2.3.3. Complete the Safety Managers Course.

2.1.2.3.4. Five (5) years in the Safety career field.

2.1.2.3.5. One or more certifications from recognized and accredited

national/international organizations.

2.1.2.3.6. Supervisor and MAJCOM Functional Manager recommendation.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 55

2.1.2.4. Ensure safety and health personnel are properly trained. (T-0) 29 CFR § 1960.56,

Training of Safety and Health Specialists, DoDI 6055.01, 29 CFR § 1960.7, Financial

Management, and DAFI 36-2670, Total Force Development, discuss responsibilities for

funding and ensuring safety and health personnel are trained to function effectively as

safety and health advisors to commanders and management officials.

2.1.2.5. The 1S0 AFSC vectors Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (SNCOs) through the

Enlisted Development Team (EDT) construct. The 1S0 EDT outlines the training,

education, and experience requirements for the most critical Safety duty positions and

provides recommendations for the best qualified SNCOs into key developmental and key

leadership positions at the unit, MAJCOM, FLDCOM and HQ AF level. SNCOs are

vectored on a periodic basis according to the most current EDT Charter is on the Career

Field Manager page located on the AFSEC/SEG SharePoint® website

(https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG/cems). The EDT Charter and vectored position

list are reviewed annually and available at the above link. All eligible SNCOs will route a

worksheet to the EDT as directed by the EDT Chair. (T-1) MAJCOM/FLDCOM

Functional Managers determine vectored positions with the concurrence of the EDT Chair.

out-of-cycle EDTs will be conducted at the discretion of the EDT Chair to provide

opportunity to eligible candidates during supplemental promotion boards or when an

individual’s records change. (T-1)

2.1.3. Occupational Safety Manager (OSM). The OSM manages the occupational safety

program for the Director/Chief of Safety and the commander (e.g., installation, space base

delta, center, NAF, MAJCOM, FLDCOM, FOA and DRU commanders). (T-1) The OSM must

be fully qualified to advise and execute decisions on safety matters for the primary mission of

the unit. (T-1) The OSM should complete the Safety Manager Course (AFSEC Course

WCIP05D) prior to assuming an OSM position. If this is not possible, they will complete the

course within one year of assuming the OSM position. (T-1) Note: Previous courses such as

the Senior Safety Professional’s Course or the Ground Safety Manager’s Course meet this

requirement.

2.1.4. Flight Safety Officer (FSO). FSOs in higher headquarters positions will be rated officers

or prior rated officers with experience in headquarters managed mission aircraft (not applicable

[N/A] for Flight Safety Managers). FSOs/Flight Safety Managers manage flight safety

programs for Director/Chief of Safety and the commander, e.g., installation, Center,

NAF/MAJCOM/FOA/DRU commanders. (T-1)FSOs at squadron and installation-level must

be current in a unit mission aircraft (N/A for Flight Safety Managers). Once trained, individuals

will fill the position for a minimum of 12 months unless waived by the MAJCOM/FOA/DRU

SE. (T-1) Flight Safety Managers will not be assigned to fill FSO billets on bases where there

are primary active flying missions and only one FSO billet. (T-1) Note: This requirement does

not apply to deployed operations. (T-2)

2.1.4.1. Full-time FSOs (squadron level, wing level and above) must complete the Aircraft

Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC, WCIP05A) and Aviation Safety Program

Management course (ASPM, WCIP09B), AFSEC-certified MAJCOM equivalent courses

have completed the legacy FSO course. This training should be completed within 90 days

of appointment, but must be completed no later than 180 days from appointment. (T-2)

AFRC and ANG FSOs may fulfill this requirement by attending AMIC (WCIP05A) and

56 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

the Air National Guard Chief of Safety/Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety course

(ARCCOS101).

2.1.4.2. Commanders of flying squadrons without an authorized FSO will appoint a

Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer as an additional duty. (T-3)

2.1.4.3. Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officers should attend the ASPM course and/or

AMIC course in conjunction with MAJCOM/FOA/DRU supplemental training.

2.1.5. Aviation Safety Noncommissioned Officer (AVSNCO). The AVSNCO is an integral

part of the aviation safety program. They provide support to aviation safety programs and

increased focus on aviation maintenance safety. Individuals selected to fill the position will be,

as a minimum, a technical sergeant or civilian equivalent, with less than 16 years Total Active

Federal Military Service, GS-0018 or GS-0803, with maintenance experience on a unit-

assigned aircraft type, but no less than a 7-level with two years’ experience as a 7-level. (T-2)

Primary consideration will be to select individuals in the 2A37X (tactical aircraft maintenance)

or 2A57X (aircraft maintenance) career fields. Selecting from other 2A AFSCs is acceptable

with a minimum of two years flightline experience in the unit assigned aircraft. Refer to AFRC

and ANG supplements to this instruction for Air Reserve Component (ARC) AVSNCO and

Aviation Safety Manager manning descriptions.

2.1.5.1. Individuals will complete the Aviation Safety Program Management (ASPM)

course, or AFSEC-certified MAJCOM equivalent course, and attend the AMIC

(WCIP05A) within 120 days of appointment. (T-1) AFRC and ANG AVSNCOs will fulfill

this requirement by attending AMIC (WCIP05A/3J5ACC1XXXX 001) and the ANG

Chief of Safety/ARC Chief of Safety course (ARCCOS101) within 180 days of

appointment.

2.1.5.2. The FSNCO will be assigned the Special Experience Identifier (SEI) code of 307

and AFPC personnel records will assign a code 39 to ensure they serve in this capacity for

a minimum of two years. (T-1) Designated individuals must meet criteria IAW AFI 36-

2101. (T-1)

2.1.6. Weapons Safety Managers. Full-time Weapon Safety Managers are assigned to

positions authorized by the Unit Manning Document.

2.1.6.1. Weapons Safety Managers must be qualified in their AFSC 2WXXX, 2MXXX,

or OPM 017/018 or 803 standards and should have experience in the maintenance or

operation of nuclear weapons, missiles or non-nuclear munitions. Airmen selected as

Weapon Safety Managers will be at least a 7-level in their Air Force Specialty Code. (T-2)

2.1.6.2. Full-time Weapon Safety Managers and Air Reserve Component Weapons Safety

Managers in UTC positions must complete the Weapons Safety Course (L3AZR2W071-

0C2A) within six months of appointment. (T-2)

2.1.6.3. Upon completion of training course L3AZR2W071-0C2A and six months in the

Weapons Safety position, the COS will ensure the individual is awarded special experience

identifier (SEI) 375 and a two-year assignment deferment is initiated if the individual is

satisfactorily accomplishing Weapons Safety tasks (Assignment deferment is not

applicable for Air Reserve Component personnel). (T-3) It is desirable that individuals not

deploy in Weapons Safety Manager positions prior to six months satisfactory experience

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 57

in Weapons Safety tasks (Chiefs of Safety will make final deployment determinations

based on proven duty performance). (T-3)

2.1.7. System Safety Officers, Managers and Engineers. According to their particular job

requirements, individuals in System Safety positions will complete a MAJCOM-approved

System Safety Course within 120 days of assignment. (T-1) Safety offices must document

reasons for assigned individuals who have not completed training within 120 days of

assignment. (T-1)

2.1.8. Space Safety Manager. These positions can be filled by a System Safety Manager,

Mission Safety Manager, Mission Flight Control Manager, Launch Safety Manager, Orbital

Safety Manager and/or Ground Based Space System Manager, as applicable to the program’s

mission. These individuals will be trained in space mishap prevention and/or investigations, as

applicable to their assigned duties, within 120 days (or at the first available course). (T-1)

Assigned Space Safety personnel (military and government civilians) shall receive initial and

annual training in all applicable aspects of Space Safety according to the unit’s specific

operations (e.g., risk analysis and management, system safety, space environment hazards,

testing, and conjunction assessment), tailored to the person’s assigned tasks and positions.

(T-1) Space Safety personnel will complete the Air Force Space Safety Fundamentals located

on the AFSEC/SES SharePoint® at https://cs2.eis.af.mil/sites/11007/ses/default.aspx. (T-1)

Any AFSEC or National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) provided mishap

investigation course is suitable.

2.1.8.1. As appropriate for the assigned mission, each wing (or equivalent) will have at

least one Space Safety Manager for each program. (T-2) These individuals may be assigned

to subordinate units. With approval from the MAJCOM/NAF/Center Safety Office, these

positions may be assigned as an additional duty or multiple programs may be covered by

the same Space Safety Manager.

2.1.8.2. Safety Offices must document reasons for assigned individuals who have not

completed training within 120 days (or first available course) of assignment. (T-1)

2.1.8.3. Organizations acquiring, testing and/or operating space systems must have the

following, as applicable:

2.1.8.3.1. At a minimum, wing-level organization conducting operational space or

space test missions shall have a Chief of Safety. (T-3)

2.1.8.3.2. Each wing-level space organization shall assign a Space Safety Manager for

each subordinate unit. (T-3) In addition, each space system program office must have

a Space Safety Manager. (T-3)

2.1.9. Non-Typical Safety Staffs. Throughout the Air Force there are an assorted number of

one-deep safety positions and other small atypical safety staffs which are centric in nature to a

specific safety function – occupational safety, lab safety, hospital safety, etc. These may exist

at FOAs, Groups (CE, Medical, etc.) or other organizational levels outside of or below a

standard wing organization. They may reside as an installation or tenant unit function on an

installation. Individuals assigned to these positions, or those similar in nature, fulfill the role

and responsibility of keeping their respective Commanders/Directors informed of safety issues

and executing the mishap prevention program for their Commander. Since their duties and

responsibilities are those of the senior safety advisor within their organization, they will report

58 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

to their Commander/Director as they manage the commander’s mishap prevention program.

(T-1) This is consistent with the principles set forth in AFI 38-101, Manpower and

Organization.

2.1.10. Space Mission Delta Chief of Mission Safety. The Delta CMS is considered as a non-

typical safety staff position as described above in paragraph 2.1.9. The CMS must complete

the Board President/Chief of Safety Course (AFSC810) within 90 days of assuming the CMS

position. (T-1) The CMS must also complete the Space Mishap Investigation Course

(SMIC001), Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (WCIP05A) or an equivalent mishap

investigation course, as approved by the FLDCOM safety office, within 120 days or at the first

available course. (T-2)

2.2. Unit Safety Representative (USR). Each unit will have a primary and alternate USR. (T-1)

Additionally each unit will have a primary and alternate Additional Duty Weapons Safety

Representative and Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer, as applicable. (T-2) When possible,

these individuals will have one-year retainability in the assigned additional duty position. Each

installation safety discipline or assigned safety staff (if different than the installation safety office)

will train their respective USRs within 30 working days after receipt of appointment letter. (T-2)

Air Reserve Component primary and alternate USR will complete initial training within two unit

training assemblies of appointment. (T-2) Note: Units with full-time safety personnel are not

required to have a USR.

2.2.1. Organizations may augment the primary and alternate safety representatives using a

“team concept” by adding representatives at the flight level (or equivalent organizational

levels). However, the primary and alternate representation will serve as the primary points of

contact for all unit safety issues. (T-2) If the team concept is used, each member, beyond the

primary and alternate, will be trained by the organization for their responsibilities. (T-2)

2.2.2. For specific USR responsibilities, see the discipline-specific chapters. USRs will, as a

minimum:

2.2.2.1. Advise the commander on safety matters, including latent conditions, which are

deficiencies within the organization or supervision negatively affecting job performance,

hazards or mishap outcome. (T-2)

2.2.2.2. Conduct and document spot inspections in conjunction with facility managers

when possible and IAW paragraph 3.7. (T-2)

2.2.2.3. Assist unit personnel with mishap reporting requirements. (T-1) Assist unit

commander and supervisors in mishap investigation when required to include OSHA’s

Rapid Response Report. (T-2)

2.2.2.4. Assist supervisors who develop Job Safety Training Outlines and Job Hazard

Analysis. (T-2)

2.2.2.5. Conduct and document safety briefings and provide unit personnel with

educational safety materials. (T-2)

2.2.2.6. Assist the unit commander and supervisors with hazard abatement processes.

(T-2)

2.2.2.7. Facilitate the inspection and assessment process for their unit and accompany

safety office personnel on the formal inspection and assessment. (T-2)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 59

2.3. Safety Education/Training. Education and training prepares Airmen to meet their safety

and health responsibilities. Each installation shall develop, implement and integrate safety

guidelines and standards into existing local level training programs. (T-1) Commanders will

promote safety awareness at all appropriate venues such as commander calls, holiday safety

briefings and other events or functions. (T-2)

2.3.1. Commander Orientation/Immersion. The Chief of Safety will provide face-to-face

training on the safety and health of the organization to new commanders within their

organizational chain within 60 days of their arrival or appointment. (T-1) It is recommended

the Chief of Safety include their safety discipline managers, as applicable, for these training

events. Air Reserve Components will complete this requirement within 90 days (3 Unit

Training Assemblies). (T-1) Telephonic training is satisfactory for units that support

commanders at operating locations away from the Chief of Safety’s home base. In the absence

of the Chief of Safety, their deputy will fulfill this requirement. (T-2) The training will be

documented and include, but is not limited to the following items:

2.3.1.1. Launch vehicle operations and concerns (if applicable). (T-1)

2.3.1.2. Safety responsibilities. (T-1)

2.3.1.3. Last annual inspection/assessment/evaluation results and open recommendations,

unabated hazards and master hazard abatement plan. (T-1)

2.3.1.4. Unit specific mishap rates, trends and open mishap recommendations. (T-1)

2.3.1.5. Special interest issues (e.g., motorcycle safety/motorcycle unit tracking tool, high

risk activities, Annual Program Management Review). (T-1)

2.3.1.6. Hazards posed by explosives activities. Refer to paragraph 9.4 for additional

information. (T-1)

2.3.1.7. Airfield operations and concerns. (T-1)

2.3.1.8. Safety Awards Program. (AFMAN 36-2806). (T-1)

2.3.1.9. Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS). (T-1) Website:

https://www.afcmrs.org.

2.3.1.10. OSHA activities to include Voluntary Protection Program participation, if

applicable, and expectations required in response to OSHA visits. (T-0) Ensure MAJCOM

and AFSEC coordination in the process. (T-1)

2.3.1.11. Proactive safety programs (Airman Safety Action Program, Military Flight

Operations Quality Assurance, Line Operations Safety Audit, and Organizational Safety

Assessments). (T-1)

2.3.1.12. Approved and active safety waivers, deviations or exemptions. (T-1)

2.3.2. Supervisor Safety Training. For requirements, refer to paragraph 14.5.

2.3.3. Safety, Fire Protection and Health Training. Supervisors will develop a Job Safety

Training Outline specifically tailored to address safety, fire protection and health concerns of

the work environment. (T-0) The outline will encompass both safety awareness and job

specific safety training topics. (T-0) See mandatory training requirements in paragraph 14.1.

60 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

2.4. Safety Office Vehicles and Equipment. The following information should be used when

establishing equipment requirements.

2.4.1. Vehicles and Communication. Safety disciplines must be mobile to accomplish their

program responsibilities on and off the installation to include mishap response. (T-1) In units

with flying, missile, and range operations and units with installation base responsibilities who

support these activities or as designated by the installation commander, the safety staff must

have the immediate use of a two-way radio (ultra-high frequency/very high frequency)-

equipped 4-wheel drive vehicle capable of transporting a minimum of four people and their

associated mishap investigation equipment. (T-1) Any radio net, appropriate to the mission,

that allows the vehicle to move freely around the airfield or missile complex is acceptable.

2.4.2. Allowance Standards (AS). The following AS prescribe the equipment items and

quantities required to perform safety missions, functions, and duties. The standards can be

found at https://dpassupport.golearnportal.org/.

2.4.3. Mishap Investigation Kits. Each MAJCOM/FOA/DRU determines the minimum

contents of investigation kits for their safety offices to maintain and have available to meet

initial response and ISB requirements for flight, ground, weapons, and space mishaps. (T-2)

Safety offices will have available all items required to conduct a safety investigation IAW AFI

91-204 to include interview forms with appropriate disclaimers. (T-2) Coordinate the medical

member investigation content requirements of the kit with the medical treatment facility.

Mishap investigation kits are optional for AFRC units.

2.5. Safety Library. Air Force safety offices will establish a library with publications that

specifically apply to the safety program. (T-1) Electronic access through the internet meets the

intent of this requirement; maintain hard copies of publications that are not available electronically.

The library will include as a minimum:

2.5.1. DoD Safety standards and handbooks and applicable host country’s governing safety

standards, rules and regulations. (T-1)

2.5.2. Air Force policy directives, instructions, pamphlets, manuals and appropriate technical

orders. (T-1)

2.5.3. Applicable (based on organizational mission) OSHA, Air Force Safety and Health

guidance/standards, National Fire Protection Association, American National Standard

Institute standards and other national consensus standards, e.g., Compressed Gas Association,

Pressure Vessel and Boilermaker, etc. (T-1)

2.5.4. MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs will provide a means to disseminate command-specific safety

information to subordinate units. (T-1)

2.6. Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Councils (ESOHC). For council

requirements see AFI 90-801. Note: Aviation Safety trends and analysis may instead be addressed

through more appropriate forums, i.e., Airfield Operations Board, Bird Hazard Working Group,

Quarterly Flight Safety Meeting, Foreign Object Damage Prevention Committee, etc.

2.6.1. While AFI 90-801 governs the rules regarding the conduct of ESOHCs, the ESOHC

Chair may charter an ESOHC Safety Sub-Group to ensure full review and oversight of all

safety related matters.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 61

2.6.1.1. If established, Safety Sub-Groups will be chaired by the commander or

commander’s designee and will convene at the commander’s discretion. (T-2) The Safety

Sub-Group will be represented at a minimum by group and squadron commanders from

the installation base, representatives from each 2-letter office and commanders (or their

designee) from tenant organizations, unless exempted by the installation. (T-3) Union

representatives will be invited to participate. (T-1)

2.6.1.2. The safety staff will make all Safety Sub-Group arrangements; develop the agenda

and distribute it in advance; and record and publish council meeting minutes. (T-1) The

Safety Sub-Group agenda and minutes will consider safety-related items addressed in the

previous ESOHC and the meeting outcomes will be added to the agenda and proceedings

of the following ESOHC. (T-1) The chief of safety will ensure the minutes are prepared

within 30 days following a Safety Sub-Group meeting. (T-1) The Sub-Group chair will

approve the minutes and all Sub-Group members will be furnished a copy. (T-1) OPRs will

be identified for items requiring action. (T-1)

2.6.2. AFI 90-801 identifies topics that can be addressed, as appropriate, at the ESOHC.

Hazard report analysis will include AF Forms 457, AFSAS-generated Hazard reports and

Hazardous Air Traffic Reports. (T-1)

2.7. Non-USAF Councils and Committees. Air Force safety staffs should support federal, state,

and local safety councils and committees through attendance and participation at scheduled

meetings.

2.8. Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) Safety Programs. MAJCOMs will

establish safety policy for MRTFB and other range activities. The overall goal of the range safety

program is to ensure safety consistent with operational requirements, which includes preventing

test objects, space launch vehicles or their hazardous effects from violating established limits.

Units operating any range facility or conducting “range activities” as defined by AFMAN 13-

212V1, Range Planning and Operations, shall establish a range safety program to ensure public

safety and protection of government resources and personnel. (T-1) The installation commander

of the unit operating the range is considered the Range Operating Authority. Under the direction

of the MAJCOM concerned, the Range Operating Authority will:

2.8.1. Appoint a Range Safety Officer. Range Safety Officers appointed to the Range

Operating Authority typically monitor daily activity and implement the safety program. Range

safety duties vary from installation-level program management (Range Safety Officer assigned

to the installation/wing) to on-site safety oversight performed by the Range Safety Officer,

Range Control Officer or activity manager during execution.

2.8.2. Institute a Risk Management program that quantifies risk and sets requirements for risk

acceptance. High residual risk range events are typically accepted by the installation

commander or Range Operating Authority. MAJCOM/A3 and SE will establish guidance

regarding high risk activities. Approval authorities in coordination with the installation safety

office may issue local operating instructions for select or repetitious activities.

2.8.3. Determine safety requirements and ensure all range users are in compliance.

2.8.4. Establish allowable occupational and flight safety conditions and take appropriate

action to ensure that test articles do not violate the conditions. Where reliability of the test

62 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

object is not established, appropriate measures should be taken to ensure it will not endanger

the public or their property.

2.8.5. Ensure weapon, non-ionizing and ionizing radiation safety footprints exist for all

aircraft, weapons, radars, telemetry, radioactive material and tactics (including those from

other services and countries) authorized for a given target and event on the range.

2.8.6. The installation safety office assists the Range Operating Authority with the

development and publication of a standardized safety and Risk Management program. An

installation-level Range Safety Officer may be appointed within the safety office.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 63

Chapter 3

SAFETY ASSURANCE

3.1. General. Under the AFSMS, safety assurance is largely achieved through safety program

evaluations, assessments and inspections that measure program compliance, conformance, and

effectiveness of Department of Labor, Department of Defense, and Air Force Mishap Prevention

Program requirements. See Table 3.1 for a summary of minimum evaluation, assessment, and

inspection requirements.

Table 3.1. Safety Evaluations, Assessments, and Inspections.

Level

Frequency

Type

Note

MAJCOM/FLDCOM/DR

U/FOA

36 Months

Safety

Evaluation

AFSEC

NAF/Center/Wing/Space

Base Delta

36 Months

Safety Program

Evaluation

MAJCOM/FLDCO

M/DRU/FOA

Squadron, Standalone

Group and DoD Schools

24/12

Months

Program

Assessment &

Safety

Inspection

Wing/Space Base

Delta/Group SE

2, 3

Wing, Space Base Delta

and below

Monthly

Spot

Wing/Space Base

Delta/Group/Squad

ron SE/Safety

Representative/

Supervisor

Wing, Space Base Delta

and below

Monthly

High Interest

Wing/Space Base

Delta/Group SE

Wing, Space Base Delta

and below

Varies

Special and

Seasonal

Wing/Space Base

Delta/Group SE

Note 1: Conducted IAW this instruction, these Program Evaluations will be conducted

for wing, space base delta, wing/delta-equivalent or higher with an assigned safety staff.

(T-1) Exception: Air National Guard will complete this requirement not to exceed 48-

month frequency. (T-1)

Note 2: Program Assessments are specified at a 24-month frequency, while safety

inspections are at a 12-month frequency. Safety program assessments and inspections

should be combined when conducted the same year to reduce the footprint within the

affected organization.

Note 3: IAW DoD 1342.6-M, Administrative and Logistic Responsibilities for DoD

Dependents Schools, (August 1995) before the start of the school year, an inspection by

qualified facility, physical security, safety, sanitation, bioenvironmental, and fire

protection specialists to identify all facilities deficiencies and requirements and their

relative priority for repair or maintenance. Additionally, in January, an inspection by

64 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Level

Frequency

Type

Note

qualified facility, physical security, safety, sanitation, bioenvironmental, and fire

protection specialists to identify all facilities deficiencies and requirements and their

relative priority for accomplishment. The second physical security inspection in January

is not required for those schools located on military installations protected by positive

entry control procedures.

3.2. Safety Evaluations. AFSEC will conduct safety evaluations of

MAJCOMs/FLDCOMs/DRUs/FOAs with a Headquarters safety staff at 36-month intervals, not

to exceed 48 months. (T-0) Waiver requests for deviation from the 48-month evaluation

requirement from MAJCOMs/FLDCOMs/DRUs/FOAs will be processed through AFSEC, who,

in turn, will process to SAF/IE to USD (P-R). These evaluations are conducted in accordance with

DoDIs, AFIs, DAFIs, OSHA Standards and federal law. At the direction of the AF/SE, they will

be rated with a two-tier (Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory) grading criterion. (T-1)

3.2.1. The focus of these evaluations is to ensure MAJCOM/SE program management

compliance and oversight of subordinate organizations’ safety programs are effective. The

evaluation provides the MAJCOM/CC/CV an independent perspective of the effectiveness and

efficiency of the evaluated organization’s safety program.

3.2.2. A written report will be prepared for each evaluation and sent to the commander and

the safety staff of the MAJCOM/FLDCOM being evaluated. (T-1) This report will contain a

statement to declare whether the mishap prevention program conformance and effectiveness

under the systemic processes of the AFSMS was either Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory. (T-1)

3.3. Safety Program Evaluation (SPE). Either independently, or in conjunction with a Unit

Effectiveness Inspection, qualified safety personnel from MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs must evaluate

the safety program of each organization at wing (or wing-equivalent level), as appropriate, and

higher. (T-1) The evaluations will be accomplished every 36 months. (T-1) Safety staffs will

develop evaluation checklists to assess compliance and performance of core program elements.

(T-1) Safety staffs-developed checklists will be reviewed at least annually for accuracy and

relevancy. (T-1) The SPE checklist items include, but are not limited to the Annual Program

Management Review, trends in MICT, mishap trends, results of OSHA inspections, local training

of safety personnel during program evaluations, to include OJT master training plan for assigned

1S0s, and results of any commander-requested safety staff assistance visits that were conducted

since the last safety program evaluation. Safety will prepare a comprehensive report on the status

of the Commander’s safety program, inclusive of all safety disciplines evaluated and will attach

this report as an addendum to the IG report or an independent report as called for by

MAJCOM/FOA/DRU procedures. (T-1) The report will contain a statement to declare the mishap

prevention program conformance and effectiveness under the systemic processes of the AFSMS

was either met and effective, met but needs minor improvement(s), met but needs significant

improvement(s), or was not effective. (T-1)

3.4. Safety Program Assessments. Qualified safety personnel assess the safety program of each

standalone group and squadron on the installation every 24 months as a minimum. (T-1)

3.4.1. The assessment will cover all applicable safety disciplines. (T-1) Safety staffs will

conduct multi-discipline (e.g., Aviation, Occupational, etc.) assessments, when feasible. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 65

Safety assessments address the areas of commander and supervisory support, compliance with

program directives and the effectiveness of mishap prevention programs (performance).

Assessments may be conducted in conjunction with the annual safety inspection. Assessments

may include safety related data found in the Commander’s Inspection Program IAW AFI 90-

201, The Air Force Inspection System. Exception: For subordinate Geographically Separated

Units, Detachments or Operating Locations, recommend on-site safety program management

assessment be accomplished at intervals not to exceed 24 months. MAJCOM/SEs may allow

a virtual assessment in lieu of on-site visits.

3.4.2. The Safety Program Assessment is not an IG-led process, but is core to the safety

program and authorized in AFI 90-201. Commanders and Chiefs of Safety are encouraged to

use information from the Commander’s Inspection Program as part of the assessment. Details

of the Commander’s Inspection Program are in AFI 90-201. Results of the most recent Safety

Program Assessments should be summarized and included as part of the APMR.

3.4.3. Provide an out-brief to the commander within three work days and a formal written

report to the squadron/unit commander within 15 work days after completion of assessment.

(T-2) When either of these timeframes cannot be met, the safety staff will create a

memorandum for record justifying the delay. (T-2) The assessment report may be combined

with the annual inspection report. This report must contain:

3.4.3.1. A statement declaring the mishap prevention program conformance and

effectiveness under the systemic processes of the AFSMS was either met and effective,

met but needs minor improvement(s), met but needs significant improvement(s), or was

not effective. (T-1)

3.4.3.2. Unit assessed. (T-1)

3.4.3.3. Date of assessment. (T-1)

3.4.3.4. Management and supervisory support for safety. (T-1)

3.4.3.5. Mishap experience and trends. (T-1)

3.4.3.6. Compliance with safety program directives. (T-1)

3.4.3.7. Description of any program deficiencies or policy shortfalls and references. (T-1)

3.4.3.8. Recommendations for improvement/compliance. (T-1)

3.4.4. Safety staffs will develop assessment checklists to assess compliance and performance

of core program elements. (T-1)Safety office-developed checklists will be reviewed at least

annually for accuracy and relevancy, and dated accordingly. (T-1)Conduct assessments with

prior notice. (T-1)Existing MICT self-assessment communicators may be used in the

assessment process. As a minimum, assessments will include the following program elements

as applicable:

3.4.4.1. Fall Protection. (T-1)

3.4.4.2. Hazardous Energy Control Program. (T-1)

3.4.4.3. Confined Space Program. (T-1)

3.4.4.4. USR compliance with roles and responsibilities. (T-1)

66 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

3.4.4.5. Motorcycle Safety Representative compliance with roles and responsibilities.

(T-1)

3.4.4.6. Completion of SST by new supervisors. (T-1)

3.4.4.7. Traffic safety training IAW AFI 91-207. (T-1)

3.4.4.8. Hazard reporting procedures. (T-1)

3.4.4.9. Mishap response and reporting procedures. (T-1)

3.4.4.10. Safety promotion support. (T-1)

3.4.4.11. Use of Risk Management/Training. (T-1)

3.4.4.12. Training, care and use of PPE. (T-1)

3.4.4.13. Currency of JSTO content, to include but not limited to JHAs and hazards (AF

Forms 1118, Notice of Hazard, AF Form 3, Hazard Abatement Plan, etc.). (T-1)

3.4.5. When prescribed by MAJCOM safety guidance, subordinate safety staffs will upload

documentation in unit MICT (or hyperlink to suitable electronic medium, such as

SharePoint®) to permit oversight of assessments by the MAJCOM. (T-2)

3.4.6. Follow-up Procedures and Actions. The assessed unit will submit to the safety staff

corrective actions taken/planned. (T-1) The safety staff ensures these reports along with the

unit's corrective actions are staffed through the installation commander as their policy

prescribes. Safety personnel will track and monitor the status of all open assessment findings

until closed. Procedures shall be established to document and follow-up on the correction of

hazards/deficiencies identified during assessments not to exceed 180 days (see spot inspection

follow-up and/or hazard abatement program). (T-1)

3.5. Annual Program Management Review (APMR). Refer to paragraph 13.2 for APMR

content. The management review provides leadership and applicable process owners a strategic

and critical evaluation of the conformance and effectiveness of the mishap prevention program

and an opportunity to recommend improvements. Each safety office at the HAF, MAJCOM,

FLDCOM, FOA, DRU, installation, wing and delta is responsible for completing an APMR. (T-1)

The APMR will include data from all safety disciplines, and all subordinate units, including

subordinate geographically separated units. (T-1) Host safety offices will not include data from

tenant units. (T-3) Results of the annual APMR inform the commander on the health and

effectiveness of the organization’s safety program and will contain a statement declaring the

mishap prevention program conformance and effectiveness under the systemic processes of the

AFSMS was either, met and effective, met but needs minor improvement(s), met but needs

significant improvement(s), or was not effective. (T-1) Results and action items from this review

will be documented, prioritized, communicated to affected organizations and tracked to

completion. (T-1) The Director/Chief of Safety will brief their commander on the results of the

APMR. (T-1) Each installation, wing or delta safety office below the

MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU level will forward their report to the next higher level safety

office by 15 November. (T-1) MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU SE offices will submit their

APMR to AF/SE via email to af.se.[email protected] and AFSEC at [email protected] by 15

January. (T-1) AF/SE will consolidate MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU APMRs into an DAF-

level APMR for submission to SAF/IEE by 15 March. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 67

3.6. Annual Safety Inspections. Safety inspections as required by public law (29 CFR Part 1960,

Occupational Safety and Health Administration), DoDI 6055.01 and this instruction help identify

hazards and measure compliance with applicable safety guidance and standards. The annual safety

inspection is not an IG-led inspection, but part of core safety duties and can only be accomplished

by a qualified safety professional.

3.6.1. Scope. At least annually (12 month cycle), qualified safety personnel shall inspect every

installation workplace/facility where Airmen are regularly employed at fixed installations.

(T-0) Workplace/facility inspections shall include reviews of inspection documentation for

equipment and real property, i.e., Air Force Technical Order (AFTO) Form 244,

Industrial/Support Equipment Record, hoist weight testing, etc. (T-1) Inspections are to be

conducted more frequently based on factors such as the exposure to and potential severity of

hazards, actual accident experience, special emphasis programs, changes in the organization’s

staffing or workplaces or other events that increase risk in the workplace. Procedures shall be

established to document and follow-up on the correction of hazards/deficiencies identified

during inspections. (T-1) Follow-ups will be completed within 30, 60, 90 days or other

specified timeframe(s) not to exceed 180 days (see spot inspection follow-up and/or hazard

abatement program). (T-1) Note 1: Inspections of workplaces and operations in contractor

facilities (Government-Owned Contractor Operated or contractor owned/operated) where

fewer than 25 AF personnel are employed shall be at the discretion of the Chief of Safety,

based on existing conditions and potential risks. (T-1)Assist the contract management multi-

functional team, upon request, to resolve any issues related to the safety of the contractor’s

facilities. Note 2: Use of CE’s Facility Listing can provide a baseline for identification of

workplace/facilities on an installation however, their listing may include areas such as

unoccupied/condemned buildings, slated for demolition, flagpoles, and foundation slabs,

which may not be considered facilities for safety purposes. OSMs may adjust their listing of

facilities accordingly.

3.6.1.1. Facility, workplace and operational inspections. The safety manager will ensure

safety personnel are properly qualified and/or have been task certified to perform all

aspects of the inspection, and all facilities assigned to the unit are inspected/documented.

(T-0)The inspection report will identify all workplaces and facilities inspected regardless

of whether there were findings or not. (T-1)

3.6.1.2. All hazards identified during the inspections will be assigned a RAC. (T-1) The

safety staff conducting the inspection will assist the responsible supervisor in developing

hazard mitigation and abatement actions. (T-1) Program management deficiencies

identified during the inspections will be assigned a deficiency designator of Critical,

Significant or Minor instead of assigning a RAC. (T-1) Inspection findings will be recorded

and tracked through closure. (T-1)

3.6.1.3. Checklists will be used to help identify hazards, deficiencies and other work-

related violations. (T-1) The safety staff will ensure checklists are available to all

applicable organizations. (T-1) Safety office-developed checklists will be reviewed at least

annually for accuracy and relevancy. (T-1) Method of documentation of the review is

determined by the safety staff.

3.6.1.4. The installation safety staff inspects units that do not have an authorized full-time

safety position in a particular discipline. Exception: The installation safety staff inspects

68 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

HAF, MAJCOM, NAF and AFOTEC safety offices as specified in paragraph 1.6.22.5.

Host/tenant/associate support agreements will define who will conduct inspections.

3.6.1.5. Geographically separated units with full-time safety personnel will inspect

workplaces annually and keep a copy of the report on file until the next annual inspection.

(T-1) For geographically separated units without a full-time safety staff, the installation

safety office will conduct the annual workplace’s inspection (unless a support agreement

specifies otherwise) and forwards a copy of the report to the geographically separated unit

and the geographically separated units parent organization. (T-1)

3.6.1.6. Tenant/Associate units with a full-time safety staff (by discipline) will conduct

annual inspections/assessments and will provide a copy of their inspection report to the

installation safety office except as exempted in paragraph 1.6.22.5. (T-1)

3.6.1.7. Inspect at least 20 percent of unmanned missile and space launch facilities once a

year. (T-1)Select these launch work areas to ensure that a representative segment of the

unit’s assets are inspected annually. Inspections must be scheduled to ensure all launch

work areas will be inspected over a 5-year cycle. (T-1)

3.6.2. Procedures. Safety staffs will conduct multi-discipline (e.g., Aviation, Occupational,

etc.) inspections when feasible. (T-1) The safety staff will develop and publish an annual fiscal

year inspection schedule and distribute to units, to include local union(s) and Wing IG

gatekeepers, no later than 15 September for the upcoming fiscal year. (T-1) When possible,

these may be conducted as part of the Wing’s Commander’s Inspection Program.

3.6.2.1. Inspectors must consult with workplace personnel and their union representatives

on matters affecting their safety and health and give them the opportunity to identify unsafe

and unhealthful working conditions, equipment and practices. (T-0) Upon request, conduct

such consultations privately and do not identify employees who want to remain

anonymous.

3.6.2.2. Provide an out-brief to the commander within three work days and a formal

written report to the squadron/unit commander within 15 work days after completion of

inspection. (T-1)When either of these timeframes cannot be met, the safety staff will create

a memorandum for record justifying the delay. (T-1) Ensure these reports along with the

unit's corrective actions are staffed through the installation commander as their policy

prescribes. When the installation base safety office conducts inspections of tenant units,

the installation base safety office will send a copy of the report to the parent safety office.

(T-1) Formal inspection reports must contain:

3.6.2.2.1. The unit, activity or work areas inspected. (T-1)

3.6.2.2.2. The date of the inspection. (T-1)

3.6.2.2.3. Facilities and/or work areas inspected. (T-1)

3.6.2.2.4. Description of any hazards, deficiencies or unsafe work practices with risk

assessment code and deficiency designator (as applicable) and references. (T-1) Note:

When there is an OSHA reference for the non-compliance, that reference will be used.

Safety staffs may also use AFI references to further support non-compliance.

3.6.2.2.5. Causes of deficiencies and hazards noted, if known. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 69

3.6.2.2.6. Recommendations for improvement/compliance. (T-1)

3.6.2.2.7. Instructions for follow-up actions such as requiring units to provide monthly

updates on open items until closure. (T-1)

3.6.2.3. Follow-up procedures and actions. The inspected unit will submit to the safety

staff corrective actions taken. (T-1) Safety personnel will track and monitor the status of

all open inspection findings until closed. (T-1)Use spot inspections and follow-up reporting

to ensure corrective action(s) are taken and hazards are mitigated/abated. (T-1) All hazards

identified during inspections will be managed IAW Chapter 4. (T-1)

3.7. Spot Inspections. Work center/shop supervisors, USRs, and safety personnel will perform

spot inspections to check the day-to-day safety and health of an organization, work center, facility,

etc. (T-1) Work center/shop supervisors, USRs, squadron assigned flight safety officers and

Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representatives will conduct and document monthly spot

inspections. (T-2) See discipline specific chapters for additional operations and areas that need to

be inspected or monitored.

3.7.1. The Chief of Safety will ensure coverage of on-duty and off-duty activities that occur

on, or are controlled by the installation. (T-2)

3.7.2. Ensure appropriate follow-up actions (not to exceed 180 days) are conducted and

documented until findings are closed. (T-2) Documentation of spot inspections by safety staffs

will include the following:

3.7.2.1. The organization, unit, activity or work area inspected. (T-2)

3.7.2.2. The date and time of the inspection. (T-2)

3.7.2.3. The inspector’s name and their organization or office symbol. (T-2)

3.7.2.4. A brief description of the areas, equipment or processes/procedures reviewed as

well as observations (may also include positive findings), hazards or unsafe work practices.

(T-2) When qualified safety personnel identify hazards or deficiencies, assign RACs or

deficiency codes, as prescribed by this instruction. (T-2)

3.7.2.5. Causes of deficiencies and hazards, as noted. (T-2)

3.7.2.6. Recommendations for corrective action. (T-2)

3.7.2.7. Name and phone number and/or e-mail address of responsible person. (T-2)

3.7.2.8. Ensure appropriate follow-up actions (every 30 days) are conducted and

documented until findings are closed. (T-2)

3.7.3. Ensure appropriate follow-up actions (every 30 days) are conducted and documented

until findings are closed. (T-1)Documentation of spot inspections by work center/shop

supervisors and USRs will include the following as a minimum. Local safety staffs may

prescribe additional items.

3.7.3.1. The activity or work area inspected. (T-2)

3.7.3.2. The date and time of the inspection. (T-2)

3.7.3.3. The name of the person conducting the spot inspection. (T-2)

70 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

3.7.3.4. A brief description of the area, equipment or process/procedure reviewed as well

as observations of hazards, deficiencies or unsafe work practices. (T-2) The description

may also include positive findings.

3.7.3.5. The applicable RAC or deficiency code, if assigned by a qualified fire, safety or

health person after contact by the USR or supervisor. (T-2)

3.7.3.6. Corrective action taken or planned. (T-2)

3.8. High Interest Areas. High interest areas are those areas having the greatest risk to life or

property, have experienced repeated mishaps or in the judgment of the wing commander and/or

safety office require added monitoring. While designation should usually be based on trends,

analysis or command interest, they can also be work areas or operations that need additional

attention or inspections because of increased mishap potential due to the nature of the work

performed, physical conditions or type of materials handled. High interest areas, if identified, will

be designated by the Chief of Safety in writing. (T-1)Identified High Interest Inspections will be

accomplished and documented at least monthly. (T-1)In addition to local and MAJCOM identified

High Interest Areas, consider incorporating the AFSEC designated Occupational Safety Emphasis

Items. Documentation of High Interest Area inspections will be IAW paragraph 3.7.2. (T-1)

3.9. Administrative Areas. A task-qualified USR may conduct inspections of administrative

work areas (not permissible for entire facility inspections, which include dock areas, mechanical

rooms, storage, etc.) when the safety staff determines the mishap potential is minimal. The

applicable occupational safety staff develops specific provisions to ensure the USR has sufficient

documented training and/or experience in the safety hazards of the administrative area to recognize

and evaluate those particular hazards and to suggest general abatement procedures, as required by

29 CFR § 1960.25, Qualifications of Safety and Health Inspectors and Agency Inspections. (T-0)

Any specific provisions beyond what may already be addressed in the required USR training may

be added to that training process. Periodic over-the-shoulder assessments of these USR

responsibilities will be accomplished and documented. (T-1)

3.10. Special and Seasonal Inspections. Inspections are conducted to ensure work and

recreational environments are safe and healthy.

3.10.1. Special inspections include seasonal, targeted mishap preventive activities, special

events and mission readiness operations/exercises. Special inspections will be conducted of

installation child development centers and playgrounds that are part of real property. (T-1)

Playground inspections, special or seasonal, conducted by the safety office, Family Support

Squadron (FSS) personnel or CES personnel will be accomplished using the most current

version Consumer Product Safety Commission Public Playground Safety Handbook. (T-1)

3.10.1.1. Installation safety offices will conduct the annual unannounced comprehensive

safety inspections of all child and youth facilities, Family Child Care (FCC) Administration

and at least 10 percent or no fewer than three FCC homes located in government housing.

(T-0) Note: This excludes all privatized housing.

3.10.1.2. Installation safety offices will train applicable FCC personnel (Child and Youth

Services Flight Chiefs, Child Development Center Directors, Airmen and Family Services

Flight Chiefs, etc.) in hazard recognition to conduct all other FCC Home safety inspections

to include new applicants, renewals, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary as required in

DoDI 6060.02, Child Development Programs (CDPs). (T-0)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 71

3.10.1.3. Any facility inspection performed under this paragraph does not need to be re-

inspected as part of the annual safety inspection called for by paragraph 3.6. The annual

inspection report called for by paragraph 3.6 will contain a memo indicating these

facilities were completed as part of the inspections under AFI 34-144, Child and Youth

Programs. (T-1)

3.10.2. Seasonal inspections will be conducted of recreational areas (e.g., sports fields,

swimming pools, camp grounds, and recreational vehicle parks and other recreational areas).

FSS will coordinate with the safety staff to jointly conduct pre-season inspections of seasonal

areas belonging to FSS. (T-1)

3.10.3. Obstacle course inspections will be conducted and documented annually, and at the

request of the obstacle course program manager (OCPM) for a joint safety inspection. (T-1) A

copy of any reports will be forwarded to the OCPM. (T-1) Annual reporting of obstacle course

status and mishaps associated with the obstacle course will be added to the APMR as a single

source document. (T-1) For additional guidance, refer to DAFMAN 36-2611, Air Force

Obstacle Course Program.

3.11. Staff Assistance Visits (SAV). The purpose of the SAV program is to help develop

solutions, not to inspect or evaluate, and to provide observations and recommendations for

improvement. SAVs may be conducted at any level at any time, but only when requested by the

commander who is receiving the SAV. The SAV Team Chief will produce and deliver a written

report to the commander. (T-2)Do not require replies unless an action started during the visit needs

monitoring by the higher headquarters safety staff or requires further staff action above the level

of the visited unit.

3.12. Federal/State Inspections and Investigations. Federal/state officials may conduct

inspections/investigations of nonmilitary-unique workplaces and operations where Air Force

civilian personnel work (inspections may be unannounced). Refer to paragraph 13.3 for specific

requirements.

3.13. Contract Performance Assessment. Installation or tenant unit safety offices, as

applicable, will assist the MFT in validating that contractors are meeting the safety requirements

of the contract. If the installation is pursuing Voluntary Protection Program certification, the

contracting officer is responsible for notifying in writing, contractors who are performing work on

the installation. (T-2)

3.13.1. The MFT will ensure contractors perform IAW the terms and conditions of the

contract. (T-1) Discrepancies will be reported to the MFT via Contracting Office

Representative (COR). (T-1) Commanders will ensure CORs that are required to monitor

safety requirements are trained in the recognition of hazardous conditions/environments, the

use of safety and health standards, and in other areas of safety, as necessary. (T-1) The

appropriate safety office will assist commanders and CORs in specialized safety training

requirements to ensure the COR is properly trained to provide oversight of the contract. (T-2)

3.13.2. Airmen who note potential safety violation(s) will report the hazard to the COR. (T-1)

CORs notify the multi-functional team, and initiate the appropriate actions related to

violations. Unless there is critical/imminent danger, Airmen should avoid reporting safety

violations directly to the contractor, but should immediately report observed violations to the

contracting officer or the installation safety office.

72 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

3.13.3. Inspection of Contractor Work Areas and Government-Owned Contractor Operated

Work Areas. When Airmen conduct safety inspections in contractor work areas their primary

concern is the potential risks to Airmen and government property. Hazardous conditions or

violations of safety standards will be reported to the contracting officer, the responsible

commander or to the installation safety office. (T-1) Note: Inspections of workplaces and

operations in contractor installations where fewer than 25 DoD personnel are employed shall

be at the COS’s discretion, based on existing conditions and potential risks. (T-2)

3.13.3.1. Government-Owned Contractor Operated explosives activities must comply

with the applicable portions of DoDM 4145.26, DoD Contractor’s Safety Manual for

Ammunition and Explosives, to assure safety of the activity and the prevention of mishaps.

(T-0)

3.13.3.2. The requirements documents will specify compliance with appropriate

provisions of DESR6055.09_AFMAN91-201 and this instruction. (T-0)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 73

Chapter 4

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, REPORTING AND ABATEMENT

4.1. Hazard Identification. Mishap prevention depends on personnel identifying, reporting and

correcting hazards promptly and efficiently. Managers or supervisors will not allow coercion,

discrimination or reprisal against an employee who exercises their right to report hazards.

(T-0)Reports can be submitted anonymously.

4.2. Reporting Criteria. Submit hazard reports unless personnel can take corrective action under

this instruction or any of these Air Force publications:

4.2.1. AFI 11-215, USAF Flight Manuals Program (FMP).

4.2.2. AFI 51-1101, The Air Force Procurement Fraud Remedies Program.

4.2.3. AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Hazard Reporting.

4.2.4. TO 00-5-1, Air Force Technical Order System.

4.2.5. TO 00-35D-54, USAF Deficiency Reporting, Investigation and Resolution.

4.3. Hazard Reporting System. Commanders must ensure an AF Form 457, USAF Hazard

Report, or equivalent product is readily available to all personnel. (T-1)The AF Form 457 and its

related process requirements meets the 29 CFR Part 1960 mandate for an employee hazard

reporting system. Additionally, hazards may be submitted using the Airman Safety Action

Program (ASAP) and MAJCOM specific hazard reporting forms. Readily available is defined as

not being under lock and key or only accessible through electronic means when a member does

not have immediate access to a government computer. Personnel have the option to submit hazard

reports anonymously, to the responsible supervisor, or to the local safety office. To preserve easy

access to the hazard report and anonymity when desired, commanders will consider posting the

AF Form 457 in commonly visited areas like break rooms, training rooms, and debrief rooms, as

well as safety bulletin boards. Any person assigned, attached or under contract to the Air Force

may report a hazard. A hazard report may be submitted on any event that includes hazards, errors,

unsafe procedures, practices or conditions that affects flight, occupational, weapons, systems or

space safety. This process is not designed for readdressing hazards that are already being managed

for abatement through another process such as a CE work request, job order, project or mishap

investigation.

4.3.1. Refer to AFI 91-225, Safety Programs, for detailed guidance on ASAP’s roles and

responsibilities.

4.3.2. If the hazard presents critical/imminent danger, the supervisor or individual responsible

for that area will take immediate action to mitigate or eliminate the hazard to protect personnel

or property. (T-0)

4.3.3. Report hazards that cannot be eliminated immediately to the installation safety office

via AF Form 457, telephone, e-mail, in person or ASAP (https://asap.safety.af.mil). (T-1)All

reported hazards will be documented, processed, and maintained on file according to records

disposition requirements. (T-1)

4.3.4. For all hazard report submissions, regardless of methodology (e.g., AF Form 457,

ASAP and telephonic), the Chief of Safety, in consultation with their safety staff, will

74 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

determine the appropriate safety, fire or health discipline to investigate the reported hazard.

(T-1) For occupational safety hazards, the assigned investigator will investigate the reported

hazard within 1 duty day for critical/imminent danger situations, and 3 workdays for

potentially serious situations and 10 workdays for lesser conditions. (T-0) For all other

disciplines, follow established 91-series discipline-specific guidance, as appropriate. The

investigator discusses the reported hazard with the member who submitted the report (if

known), the responsible supervisor or manager and other parties involved to validate the hazard

and determine the best interim control and corrective action. (T-1)

4.3.5. If the hazard is validated:

4.3.5.1. The investigator assigns a control number, a RAC as appropriate and monitors all

corrective actions until complete. (T-1)

4.3.5.2. The investigator completes the Form 457, Part II, Investigation of Hazard, Actions

Taken to Mitigate or Abate Hazard, within 10 working days and returns the report to the

safety office for monitoring. (T-1)

4.3.5.3. The OPR completes Part II, Investigation of Hazard, Actions Taken to Mitigate or

Abate Hazard, within 10 working days and returns the report to the safety office for

monitoring. (T-1)

4.3.5.4. The investigator informs the originator (if known) in writing about the corrective

action or plans and conducts follow-up reviews until the action is completed. The

investigator informs the originator, (if known), about the completed action within 10

workdays after the report is closed. If the originator is not known, inform the supervisor or

manager of corrective actions. (T-1)

4.3.5.5. If the response is not satisfactory to the originator, the originator should resubmit

the report and follow procedures in paragraph 4.5.

4.3.5.6. Validated hazards that result in an assignment of a RAC may be closed and

corrective action monitored through the hazard abatement process. Note: Transference of

tracking from the hazard reporting program to the master hazard abatement program or the

RAC 4 and 5 mechanism does not relieve the investigator of the responsibilities.

4.4. Additional Reporting Procedures. Transient personnel unable to report a hazard at a base

where it is found should submit the AF Form 457 to the next Air Force base they visit, or to the

safety office at their home base. The receiving safety office will send the report to the responsible

installation safety office. (T-1) These types of reports may be submitted via ASAP.

4.4.1. The safety office sends reported hazards that cannot be corrected at the local level to

the agencies that can take appropriate action. (T-1)

4.4.2. Tenant personnel send hazard reports involving activities for which the installation is

responsible to the installation safety office for processing. (T-1)

4.4.3. Hazard reports requiring urgent action will be transmitted by the most expeditionary

communication means available (overnight mail, official government e-mail, telephone). (T-1)

4.4.4. Persons identifying hazards involving weather forecasting must submit hazard reports

as soon as possible to ensure that records are not destroyed. (T-1) Promptly advise the

appropriate agency providing weather forecasting services, i.e., installation weather

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 75

flight/detachment supporting operational weather squadron, of their intention to submit a

hazard report. Aircrews should consider using a Hazardous Air Traffic Report or ASAP.

4.4.5. Installation safety staffs will send reported hazards that involve other military services,

foreign nations or other agencies outside the Air Force to AFSEC/SE, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland

AFB, NM 87117-5670, or through e-mail at [email protected], and to the affected Air

Force units and their chain of command as information addressees. (T-1)Upon receipt, AFSEC

will maintain tracking and subsequent closing action of the report and will report results to

both the sending and affected unit. (T-1)

4.5. Air Force Form 457, Airmen Appeal Procedures. If the submitter is dissatisfied with

actions taken on a hazard report, they should resubmit the report to the appropriate installation

safety, fire protection or health, and request the alleged hazard be reinvestigated. Reports can be

submitted anonymously. The safety, fire and/or health representative must respond within 10 work

days. (T-1)If the submitter is still dissatisfied, they may appeal to a higher level of safety, fire

protection or health office in the following sequence:

4.5.1. Intermediate headquarters.

4.5.2. MAJCOM headquarters.

4.5.3. AFSEC/SEG (safety hazards), AFCEC/CXF (fire hazards) or AFMED/SG3 (health

hazards).

4.5.4. Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment and Energy

(SAF/IE). This is the final Air Force review for reports that originate at installations in foreign

countries, from military personnel or involve military-unique operations or equipment.

4.5.5. Higher level appeals must be addressed promptly and a reply sent to the employee

within 20 calendar days. (T-1) If a reply is not received within 20 calendar days or if the

employee is dissatisfied with the reply, they may appeal to the next higher level. Each reply to

an appeal will advise the employee of this right and will include the office symbol and address

of the next higher level of appeal. If requested, the appropriate agency will assist the employee

in obtaining technical information for clarification or for processing the appeal.

4.5.6. Civilian employees may submit appeals directly to the Office of Federal Agency Safety

Programs, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labor.

However, the procedures outlined in the paragraphs above are encouraged as the most

expeditious means of correcting hazardous conditions.

4.5.7. The procedures outlined above do not prevent the use of agency or negotiated grievance

procedures.

4.6. Risk Reduction and Mitigation. Commanders and supervisors at all levels are expected to

determine the level of acceptable risk required to preserve assets and safeguard health and welfare.

They should incorporate RM into daily activities, on-duty and off-duty, IAW AFI 90-802, Risk

Management.

4.7. Preparation of Risk Assessments. See AFMAN 48-146, Occupational & Environmental

Health Program Management, and AFPAM 90-803, Risk Management (RM) Guidelines and

Tools, for additional and detailed guidance on preparation of risk assessments.

76 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

4.8. Hazard Abatement. The purpose of the hazard abatement program is to eliminate, control

or limit exposure of personnel to hazardous conditions. It provides senior leaders, functional

managers, supervisors and employees with a risk-based systemic process for identifying hazard

mitigation and elimination strategies for hazards in all workplaces and operations. Additionally, it

provides a tracking system for hazards from identification through closure.

4.8.1. Responsibilities.

4.8.1.1. Each installation establishes a program to abate hazards based on a priority

system. (T-1)

4.8.1.2. Commanders, supervisors and employees at all levels are responsible for abating

hazardous conditions.

4.8.1.3. Commanders protect national resources, both human and material, and have the

responsibility to take action in implementing safety measures.

4.8.1.4. Functional managers correct hazards in their areas of responsibility. (T-1)

4.8.1.5. The safety office helps commanders assess and prioritize abatement actions and

provide the commander with follow-up support until the hazard is eliminated.

4.8.1.6. Send projects beyond the capability of local commanders to the parent

MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU. (T-1)

4.8.2. Planning and Engineering. Use RM processes during the planning, design and execution

phases to identify and eliminate hazards as early as possible when they will have the least cost

and operational impact on the program. Continually review plans, specifications and drawings

to identify and eliminate hazards until the equipment or workplace is operating with acceptable

risk levels. (T-1)Reevaluate risk assessments when any factor applied in the decision-making

process changes. (T-1)

4.8.3. Procedural Actions. Develop procedures or restrictions to minimize risk if planning or

engineering actions cannot be used to eliminate hazards. (T-1)If necessary, impose restrictions

such as operational limits, frequent inspections, protective equipment or stopping the operation

until corrective action is taken.

4.9. Hazard Control Hierarchy. See AFMAN 48-146 and AFPAM 90-803 for additional and

detailed guidance.

4.10. Hazard Abatement Requirements. To abate hazardous conditions:

4.10.1. Abate hazards in military-unique equipment and processes through established

systems for modification and upgrade (e.g., Product Quality Deficiency Reporting Program

[T.O. 00-35D-54,], and Flight Manual Changes [AFI 11-215]). (T-1) Additionally, when

possible, use the same criteria specified in paragraphs 4.10.2.1 – 4.10.4.7.

4.10.2. Hazard abatement in nonmilitary-unique workplaces must:

4.10.2.1. Abate RACs 1, 2 and 3 hazards as soon as possible. (T-1)

4.10.2.2. Identify abatement actions for RACs 4 and 5 hazards as soon as possible. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 77

4.10.3. Select an abatement method and, if possible, interim control measures based on the

hierarchy outlined in paragraph 4.9. Note: Assigned RAC will remain until completely

abated even though interim control measures are in effect. (T-1)

4.10.4. Other factors that affect decisions on abatement actions are:

4.10.4.1. Impact to mission.

4.10.4.2. Technical feasibility and cost of available options.

4.10.4.3. Number of personnel exposed and length of time exposed.

4.10.4.4. Previous mishap experience.

4.10.4.5. Future use of workplaces or equipment.

4.10.4.6. Alternative methods to control the hazard or protect personnel.

4.10.4.7. Interim control measures in effect.

4.10.5. Paragraphs 13.7, 13.8, 15.1 and 15.2 provide additional instructions for assigning

RACs, determining abatement priority numbers, and completing AF Form 3 and AF Form

1118.

4.11. Critical/Imminent Danger Situations. Anyone identifying a critical/imminent danger

situation will immediately bring it to the attention of the commander and supervisor in charge.

(T-1)Commanders or supervisors must take immediate action to eliminate or control the hazard or

cease operations and withdraw exposed personnel until the hazard is mitigated or the elevated risk

is accepted at the appropriate level. (T-1)

4.12. Posting Notification of Hazards. The fire, safety or health officials will complete the AF

Form 1118 identifying RAC 1, 2 and 3 hazards IAW paragraph 15.1 and forward to the supervisor

for posting not later than the end of the next duty day. (T-1) The control number for the AF Form

1118 will be assigned by the installation wing safety office. (T-1) This will ensure the control

number is compatible with the associated AF Form 3, Hazard Abatement Plan, should it become

required. A copy of the AF Form 1118 will be sent to the installation wing safety office by the

office assigning the RAC. (T-1) Supervisors must alert all affected employees and contractors of

the hazardous condition, any interim control measures and permanent corrective actions underway

or programmed. (T-1) Supervisors post the AF Form 1118 in the workplace immediately upon

receipt. AF Form 979, Danger Tag, may be used for this purpose on equipment. Refer to AFMAN

91-203 for additional guidance.

4.12.1. Location. Post AF Form 1118 on, at or as near as possible to the hazard. However,

where the nature of the hazard or workplace is such that this is not practical, post notices in a

prominent place where all employees can see them. The workplace supervisor must ensure the

posted AF Form 1118 is maintained in good condition and employees are kept informed of any

changes. (T-1) If adverse conditions are present, enclose the notice in a suitable protective

cover. (T-1)

4.12.2. Removal. The issuing office will be the authority to remove a posted AF Form 1118.

(T-1) Removal of notices will only occur after the hazard has been corrected, or three (3)

working days (excluding weekends and federal holidays), whichever is later, following

validation by the issuing authority. (T-0)

78 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

4.13. Installation Master Hazard Abatement Plan (MHAP). All RACs assigned 1, 2 and 3

will be entered into the MHAP, even if corrected the same day. (T-1) This ensures full

accountability for hazards of this severity. Fire and Occupational Health offices will ensure all

identified RAC 1, 2 and 3 hazards are communicated to the installation safety office for entry into

the formal installation/space base delta MHAP. (T-1) Commanders/functional managers will

ensure AF Form 3s are initiated for any RAC 1, 2 or 3 hazard not abated within 30 days of

identification. (T-1)

4.13.1. Those RAC 1, 2 or 3 hazards will be entered on an AF Form 3 IAW paragraph 15.2

(T-1) Safety, fire or health officials assist functional managers in preparation of the AF Form

3. Commander/functional manager approves, signs and send the AF Form 3 to the installation

safety office. (T-1)

4.13.2. The installation safety staff will maintain the installation MHAP. (T-1)The MHAP

will consist of the following as a minimum:

4.13.2.1. A fiscal year log of all RAC 1, 2, and 3 items. (T-1)

4.13.2.2. A complete set of AF Form 3s and AF Form 1118s from across the installation.

(T-1)

4.13.2.3. Other related or supporting documentation. (T-1)

4.13.2.4. The signed approval called for in paragraph 4.13.5 or a cross reference to the

appropriate ESOHC minutes if the option is used to track commander approval via the

ESOHC. (T-1)

4.13.3. Squadron commanders or functional managers will conduct a semiannual review of

AF Form 3 pertaining to their areas of responsibilities and reflect that review in Block 38 of

the AF Form 3. (T-1)

4.13.3.1. Commanders/functional managers notify the safety personnel of any changes in

hazard abatement status and annotate changes on the AF Form 3.

4.13.3.2. Squadron commanders or functional managers will conduct a semiannual review

of AF Forms 3 pertaining to their areas of responsibilities and reflect that review in Part

IV--Semi-Annual Review Records of the AF Form 3. (T-1)

4.13.3.3. Completed hazard abatement projects must be certified by the appropriate

agency; safety, fire, or health, to ensure the hazard was abated properly. (T-1)Certification

in this particular instance means the appropriate official has performed a site visit to verify

the hazard has been fully abated.

4.13.4. The ESOHC will review open MHAP items at least once a year. (T-1) They will

address project delays and other problems during each ESOHC. (T-1) The ESOHC minutes

will reflect the review and delays or problems respectively. (T-1)

4.13.5. Annually, the Chief of Safety will send a copy of the MHAP to the installation

commander for review and approval of priorities for projects. (T-1) The copy sent to the

commander will include a cover letter addressing the purpose of the review and description of

the request for the commander’s review and signature. (T-1)The package will include a list of

all open plan entries and those closed since the last annual review. (T-1) The open list will be

prioritized by RAC and abatement priority number. (T-1) See paragraph 13.8. Note:

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 79

Locations utilizing the AF and MAJCOM/FOA/DRU level Risk models which are included in

scheduled Facilities Boards and ESOHC meet the intent of this paragraph and that of

paragraph 4.13.2.4.

4.13.6. The installation safety office will make the MHAP available for review locally by

representatives of recognized employee organizations, if such organizations exist. (T-1)

4.13.7. MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU occupational safety personnel will send copies of

AF Forms 3 received from subordinate installations or units to AFSEC/SEG and

AFMED/SG3P or AFCEC/CXF, if appropriate, when MAJCOM funding authority for

abatement action is exceeded. (T-1)

4.13.8. RAC 4 and 5 hazards are not part of the installation MHAP. Safety staffs, including

tenant units, will track RAC 4 and 5 hazards not to exceed 180 days until closed. (T-1) Refer

to paragraph 3.6.1 for more information. AF Form 3 or AF Form 1118 is optional for RACs

4 and 5. MAJCOM/FOA/DRU may delineate additional tracking requirements.

4.13.9. Once a hazard is transferred to the MHAP (RACs 1 – 3) or the RAC 4 and 5 tracking

mechanism, close out applicable source hazard report or inspection report. (T-1)

4.14. Funding for Hazard Abatement. Funding for hazard abatement projects should be entered

into the Planning, Programming and Budget process. Hazard abatement projects should compete

for the necessary funds within the planning, programming, and budgeting system framework.

4.14.1. Incorporate safety, fire and health requirements into repair and construction projects.

(T-1) For projects that exceed local funding authority, follow requirements in AFI 32-1021,

Planning and Programming Military Construction (MILCON) Projects, or AFI 32-1032,

Planning and Programming Appropriated Fund Maintenance, Repair, and Construction

Projects, as applicable, and submit projects to the parent MAJCOM for prioritization and

subsequent completion for funding. Identify the portion of project cost attributable to hazard

abatement. (T-1)

4.14.2. CE provides actual cost data for abatement of hazards in workplaces and real property

installed equipment to the functional manager. The functional manager consolidates the

information and sends it to the installation safety staff at least once a year for centralized

reporting.

4.15. End of Year Annual Master Hazard Abatement Survey and Facility/Workplace

Inspection Report. At the beginning of each fiscal year, AFSEC/SEG will send a data call for

end of year hazard abatement and facility/workplace inspection information. (T-0)

4.15.1. This data call will be sent to each MAJCOM/FOA/DRU for subsequent distribution to

their subordinate units. (T-1) The report template is available on the AFSEC SharePoint® site.

4.15.2. Each installation safety manager obtains and maintains the data called for in the report.

4.15.3. MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs will compile all subordinate units’ results and submit to

AFSEC within required suspense date. (T-1) FOAs/DRUs are exempt from submitting a

report, if their hazard abatement and facility/workplace inspection data is reported by their

installation safety office.

80 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

4.15.4. At joint bases where the Air Force is not the lead, the Air Force safety office will

complete the report to reflect only AF-specific hazards and facilities owned by the AF, where

annual facility/workplace safety inspections are performed. (T-1)

4.15.5. Refer to paragraph 3.6.1 to define the facilities/workplaces each safety staff is

responsible for inspecting. This could include, but is not limited to, electrical vaults, pump

houses, hard stands, wash racks, guard towers, etc. The local OSM will act as the decision

authority for situations where uncertainty exists with regards to facility/workplace inclusion in

this data call. (T-1)

4.15.6. Installations not completing 100 percent facility inspections will provide justification

in their report to indicate factors preventing the completion of these required inspections along

with planned corrective actions to ensure full compliance with the inspection requirements.

(T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 81

Chapter 5

INFORMATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

5.1. Information Protection. Safety investigation reports contain privileged safety information

and are for mishap prevention purposes only; they are not releasable outside of safety channels.

Portions of such reports, though, contain factual, non-privileged information, which may be

released to the public, as well as information that is not releasable to the public. For example,

information that is For Official Use Only, may be restricted from public release by the Freedom

of Information Act (5 USC § 552), the Privacy Act (5 USC § 552a), Health Insurance Portability

and Accountability Act (Public Law 104-191, 21 August 1996), Arms Export Control Act (Title

22, USC § 2751), Export Administration Act of 1979 (Title 50, USC § 2401), and other pertinent

laws, regulations and policies. See DoDI 6055.19, Aviation Hazard Identification and Risk

Assessment Programs (AHIRAPs), and AFI 91-225, Safety Programs, for program details and

personnel protections against adverse actions as a result of Military Flight Operations Quality

Assurance (MFOQA) information. Requests for release of non-privileged information in safety

reports or databases, AFSEC/JA is the release authority for requests from outside the Air Force;

AFSEC leadership or chiefs of safety are the release authority for mishap prevention requests

within the Air Force organizations.

5.2. Recurring Publications. The goal of these publications is to prevent mishaps by providing

educational information and insights. These publications discuss topics like standards

implementation as well as establishment/maintenance of nuclear surety, environment, safety and

occupational health programs. The OPR for each publication will determine content and

frequency. AFSEC/SEF posts monthly Blue Four News on the Air Force Safety Automated

System (AFSAS) website, summarizing the previous month's Class A and B aviation mishaps.

This summary contains privileged information and will be protected IAW AFI 91-204.

5.2.1. AFSEC/SE will issue recurring publications pertaining to the Air Force mishap

prevention program. (T-1)

5.2.2. MAJCOM Publications. MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs will utilize a variety of media and

mediums to disseminate command-specific safety information to subordinate units.

5.2.3. Periodic Summaries. AFSEC sends periodic mishap summaries to the MAJCOM-

FLDCOM/FOA/DRU safety staffs. These summaries include recent mishap experience,

mishap statistics, analyses of current problem areas and proposed changes in safety policy.

These summaries will be disseminated, as appropriate, to subordinate organizations for mishap

prevention purposes.

5.3. Methods of Information Distribution. Select an appropriate distribution method by

considering content, time available and audience. Each safety office will determine the appropriate

distribution methods for privileged and non-privileged safety information for their subordinate

organizations. Suggested methods of distribution of privileged and non-privileged safety

information, see below:

5.3.1. Privileged Safety Information. Requires appropriate screening of attendees, marking of

materials and reminders of the privileged nature of the information.

5.3.1.1. Safety meetings.

82 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

5.3.1.2. Supervisor safety briefings.

5.3.2. Non-privileged safety information.

5.3.2.1. Safety meetings.

5.3.2.2. Supervisor safety briefings.

5.3.2.3. Base newspapers and bulletins.

5.3.2.4. Safety publications.

5.3.2.5. AFSEC or MAJCOM/FOA/DRU publications.

5.3.2.6. Electronic means via e-mail, web page or video.

5.3.3. Forward reports of Air Force mishaps as directed by AFI 91-204. Some of these reports

may contain recommendations requiring urgent action requirements by AF agencies. Treat

these mishap reports as urgent action notices.

5.3.4. Urgent action notices will be forwarded to AFSEC through the Air Force Service Watch

Center (AFSWC) at DSN 227-6103 or [email protected]. (T-1)

AFSEC will distribute these notices to safety offices through electronic distribution as

appropriate to organizations with applicable guidance/instructions. (T-1)

5.4. Mishap Analysis Program. In order to reduce mishaps, Commanders and Chiefs of Safety

need to know the types of mishaps and mishap rates, and number of mishaps that occur in their

command. Once the type and number are identified, commanders can take risk mitigation actions

based on sound mishap analysis. This historical look-back approach should be complemented by

a proactive, forward looking mishap prevention plan based on pre-identified hazards that haven’t

yet caused a mishap.

5.4.1. MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU and wing safety staffs will:

5.4.1.1. Conduct an annual analysis and develop specific actions to reverse adverse trends.

(T-1)Analysis should target specific problem areas with recommendations for commander

approval and appropriate actions. This analysis complements the data required in

paragraph 13.2.

5.4.1.2. Identify successes, problem areas and trends to measure safety program

effectiveness and guide prevention actions. (T-1)

5.4.2. AFSEC will perform an annual Air Force-level trend analysis and publish results. (T-1)

5.5. Mishap Prevention Analysis Methods. There are several ways to approach analysis of

mishap data and proactive information for mishap prevention purposes. Program analysis

functions are to target, monitor and/or study.

5.5.1. Target Approach. This approach is similar to the study method below. After determining

causes of mishaps, recommendations are developed and prioritized based on the frequency and

severity. Corrective actions are directed at the activities and mechanisms that result in the

greatest number of injuries.

5.5.2. Study Approach. This is a detailed examination of a specific problem area through the

use of a systematic process. A study should follow a systematic process. It typically follows

the format of the Scientific Method. The researcher first drafts a problem statement that clearly

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 83

defines the goals of the study. For example, a suitably specific research question might be,

“Determine a trend in the frequency of X and identify possible explanations for this trend.”

The researcher then conducts background research to identify factors and data relevant to the

problem. Then the researcher drafts an objective statement that describes the problem and

limits the study (the hypothesis or purpose). An example is “X is increasing because of Y.”

Then the researcher develops a plan on how these factors and data are going to be collected,

tabulated, compared, plotted and analyzed (methods). Finally, the data is collected and

analyzed and results reported confirming or denying the hypotheses. Conclusions and

implications regarding application of the results of the study are the most important outcome

of the study.

5.5.3. Additional Analysis Categories. In this method, the safety staff selects categories of raw

data and reviews them regularly in the form of tabulations or rates. The object is to identify

trends and problem areas. Selection of the areas to be monitored depends on the available data

and the needs of the organization. Mishap reports are a good place to start, but other areas

should not be overlooked. Some other categories that may be appropriate for analysis are:

5.5.3.1. Hazardous Air Traffic Reports.

5.5.3.2. Deficiency Reports.

5.5.3.3. Inspection/Evaluation/Assessment Reports.

5.5.3.4. Foreign Object Damage Reports.

5.5.3.5. First-Aid Cases.

5.5.3.6. Maintenance Logs or Reports.

5.5.3.7. Hazard Reports.

5.5.3.8. Airman Safety Action Program (ASAP).

5.5.3.9. Military Flight Operations Quality Assurance (MFOQA) Analyses.

5.5.3.10. Line Operations Safety Audit Reports.

5.5.3.11. Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System Surveys (AFCMRS).

5.5.3.12. Organizational Safety Assessments (OSAs).

5.6. Use of Analyzed Data. The purpose of analysis is to help prevent mishaps and present

conclusions drawn in a useful format that can be applied to prevention programs. Once corrective

actions are taken, follow-up analysis may be required to determine effectiveness.

5.7. Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System. AFCMRS provides any commander with

an anonymous, no-cost, web-based safety culture survey designed for operators, maintainers,

support personnel, medical personnel and headquarters staff. An additional survey assesses motor

vehicle safety within a unit. Results are available immediately upon survey completion and

commanders receive a telephonic debrief to explain the data and to explain how to utilize the

AFCMRS analytic tools. Commanders may request AFCMRS survey at https://www.afcmrs.org/

or by contacting the AFSEC Human Factors Division (AFSEC/SEH): DSN 246-6097, Commercial

(505) 846-6097.

84 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

5.8. Organizational Safety Assessment (OSA). An OSA is a customized, in-depth, proactive

mishap prevention tool that aids commanders in risk assessment and safety decision making. The

program focuses on operations, maintenance and support functions with a direct impact on safety

across the entire organization. The OSA team is comprised of safety professionals and subject

matter experts who conduct in-person surveys and in-person interviews of all members within the

installation organization. The focus of the assessment is on the organization’s safety culture and

additional related topics specifically identified by the requesting commander. Commanders may

request an OSA through AFSEC/SEH. If approved by AF/SE, AFSEC/SEH will conduct the OSA

and provide an immediate out-brief to the requesting commander. Contact AFSEC/SEH: DSN

263-3513 or Commercial 505-853-3513, for information.

5.9. Military Flight Operations Quality Assurance (MFOQA). The Air Force MFOQA

Program is a proactive aviation safety initiative that analyzes routine flight data to detect, measure

and mitigate mishap precursors while protecting crew identity.

5.9.1. Currently, the MFOQA Program uses former Air Force instructor pilots under contract

with the Safety Center to analyze the flight data and produce monthly reports for aircrew,

operational leaders and safety officers. The MFOQA analysts study the aggregate data to

establish a baseline of normal flight operations, detect trends toward operational limits, and

examine exceedances of preset parameters. The result of such analyses allows leaders to

intervene to correct adverse mission and safety trends before they lead to mishaps. Subsequent

analyses of the same data allow leaders to objectively measure whether the corrective action

was effective.

5.9.2. Commanders and safety professionals can utilize MFOQA to validate effectiveness of

tactics, training and procedures by measuring what actually happens out in the system;

compare actual versus calculated aircraft performance data; obtain insight on how effectively

flights are following mission profiles; learn where unstable approaches and go-arounds are

most likely to occur; detect exact parts of profiles where over/under-loads, over-speeds, and

over-temps are most likely to occur; measure variations in mission accomplishment within pre-

established limits in order to optimize processes; and assess whether a procedural change has

had a positive or negative effect on operations. Anyone with a common access card can view

aggregate fleet-wide MFOQA analysis in the pubs and reference section of AFSAS at

https://afsas.safety.af.mil. Also, safety professionals and leaders can request customized

analyses that lend specific insights into their operations. Contact AFSEC/SEF at

[email protected].

5.10. Airman Safety Action Program (ASAP). ASAP is a voluntary, web-based capability to

report errors and hazards by Airmen in all functional areas. It facilitates hazard submission via

personal or government electronic devices, and provides means to view and analyze submissions

within AFSAS. ASAP also provides leadership with evidence of risk that may otherwise be

invisible, so that risk management actions can be taken to improve safety. Submit reports at

https://asap.safety.af.mil.

5.11. Line Operations Safety Audit. The Air Force Line Operations Safety Audit Program is a

non-punitive, unobtrusive, peer-to-peer observation program that collects safety-related flight data

during normal operations in order to assess safety margins and improvement measures.

5.11.1. Line Operations Safety Audit is designed to provide early warnings of developing

safety problems. The program works by selecting and training highly qualified crewmembers

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 85

to ride on jump seats during routine flights to record the threats encountered by aircrew, the

types of errors committed and how the crews managed those threats and errors in order to

maintain safety. How crews manage threats and errors provides excellent insights into training

and organizational culture. Line Operations Safety Audit observers also study Crew Resource

Management performance and perform a carefully structured interview to collect aircrew to

improve mission and safety.

5.11.2. Line Operations Safety Audit can be used by commanders and safety professionals to

systematically and scientifically identify the strengths and weaknesses of normal operations,

decrease the frequency of undesirable events, assess the quality and usability of procedures,

detect inappropriate techniques, identify design issues with automation as evidenced through

mode errors and aircrew use, and detect normalization of deviance in the form of workarounds

and shortcuts used by aircrew, air traffic controllers and dispatchers.

5.12. Standard Mishap Metrics. Mishap metrics (calculated as a number of events against some

kind of exposure) are an effective way to compare the actions and accomplishments of the unit.

Consideration must be given to the differences in operations, environment, equipment or other

variables when comparing organizations or MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs. The metrics used by the

safety community to this point have focused on results – the number of mishaps experienced over

time relative to exposure. AFSEC uses standardized rates for metrics below:

5.12.1. Aviation Mishaps.

5.12.1.1. Total USAF Aviation Class A/B Metric. This metric identifies the number of

USAF aviation mishaps (to include flight, flight-related, and aircraft ground operations)

and mishap rates per 100,000 flying hours. The Class A/B rate is calculated as the total

number of Class A/B mishaps multiplied by 100,000 flying hours divided by the total

number of flying hours.

5.12.1.2. USAF Class A Aviation Flight Mishap Metric. This metric identifies the number

of USAF Class A aircraft flight mishaps per 100,000 flying hours.

5.12.1.3. Aviation-Related Fatalities Metric. This metric identifies the number of fatalities

due to USAF aviation mishaps and mishap rates per 100,000 flying hours.

5.12.1.4. Destroyed USAF Aircraft Metric. This metric identifies the number of destroyed

USAF aircraft due to aviation mishaps and mishap rates per 100,000 flying hours.

5.12.1.5. USAF Unmanned (Remotely Piloted Aircraft [RPA], Unmanned Aerial System

[UAS], etc.) A/B Metric. This metric identifies the number of USAF mishaps and mishap

rate per 100,000 flying hours.

5.12.2. Class A & B Weapons Metric. This metric identifies the total Class A and B weapons

mishaps.

5.12.3. Class A & B Space Metric. This metric identifies the total Class A and B Space

mishaps.

5.12.4. Ground Mishaps.

5.12.4.1. On-duty Ground Metric (Rate). This metric applies to both military and civilian

personnel and is used to identify the number of mishaps, fatalities or injuries experienced

by military and civilian personnel while on-duty per 100,000 personnel per fiscal year

86 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

(FY). To calculate daily, monthly or yearly on-duty rates, multiply the total number of

military and civilian mishap, fatalities or injuries by 100,000 personnel divided by the

military and civilian strength. Note: AFSEC calculates daily and yearly statistics based

upon AFPC/Air Reserve Personnel Center (ARPC) strength numbers.

5.12.4.2. Off-Duty Ground Metric (Rate). This metric applies only to military personnel

and is used to identify the number of mishaps, fatalities or injuries experienced by off-duty

military personnel per 100,000 personnel per year. To calculate daily, monthly or yearly

off-duty rates, multiply the total number of military mishap, fatalities or injuries x 100,000

personnel divided by the military strength. Note: AFSEC calculates daily and yearly

statistics based upon AFPC/ARPC strength numbers.

5.12.4.3. Private Motor Vehicle Off-duty Metric (Rate). This metric applies only to

military personnel and is used to identify the number of off-duty private motor vehicle

fatalities experienced by off-duty military personnel per 100,000 personnel.

5.12.4.4. Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR). This metric applies only to civilian

personnel and is used to identify the total number of recordable (Class A, B, C, and D)

civilian injuries and illness cases per 100 full-time employees that a site has experienced

per year. The TRIR is calculated as follows: TRIR = (Total number of injuries x

200,000)/Number of man-hours worked. Rationale: The 200,000 hours are based on 100

full-time employees working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks each year (100 x 40 hours per

week x 50 weeks). Total man hours worked equals the personnel strength x 40 hours per

week x 50 weeks per year plus overtime hours worked. Note: Actual hours to include

overtime should be used for computing civilian hours worked.

5.12.4.5. Days Away, Restricted, and/or Transfer (DART) Case Incidence Rate. This

metric applies only to civilian personnel and is used to identify the total number of

recordable civilian injuries and illness cases per 100 full-time employees resulting in days

away from work, restricted work activity, and/or job transfer that a site has experienced in

a given time frame. The DART is calculated as follows: DART = (Total incidents resulting

in days away, restricted work or transfer x 200,000)/Number of man-hours worked.

Rationale: The 200,000 hours are based on 100 full-time employees working 40 hours per

week, 50 weeks each year (100 x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks). Total man hours worked

equals the personnel strength x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year plus overtime hours

worked. Note: Actual hours to include overtime should be used for computing civilian

hours worked.

5.12.4.6. To compare the unit’s TRIR and DART rates go to the Bureau of Labor Statistics

website at http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/work.html for national averages.

5.13. Calculating Federal Employee Compensation Metric (Rate). This metric applies only

to civilian personnel. These rates are related to civilian claims that result for on-duty civilian

mishaps per 200,000 hours of exposure. To calculate the rates, multiply the number of civilian

compensation claims by 200,000 hours divided by civilian strength multiplied by 2,000 hours plus

overtime hours, e.g., (Total number of civilian compensation claims x 200,000)/Number of man-

hours worked. Rationale: The 2,000 hours equates to 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year.

Note: This formula is also used to calculate the Non-Appropriated Fund employee compensation

rates.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 87

5.14. AFSAS Analysis and Query Tools.

5.14.1. AFSAS Data Extraction Tool (DET). The DET was developed to supply AFSAS users

with a quick and easy tool for obtaining historical mishap data. The DET generally meets the

majority of requests for raw data, with the added capability to extract the data to either MS-

Excel, HTML or MS-Word.

5.14.2. AFSAS Advanced Query Tool. AFSAS Advanced Query Tool is a Business

Intelligence capability that provides users a repository of ready-to-go reports, formatted to

define requirements. Reports found within the repository were developed to fulfill the

requirements of Air Force safety personnel to generate periodic dashboard-like briefings to

senior leadership. Typically, these reports have specific, repetitive data and presentation

requirements that change very little over time.

5.14.2.1. AFSAS Advanced Query Tool reports retrieve data directly from AFSAS and

other systems automatically, on a daily basis, leaving safety professionals more time to

focus on other important tasks other than building repetitive briefings.

5.14.2.2. Additionally, the Tool offers an advance query tool called Query Studio which

offers users the ability to create simple queries, but with greater options to conform data

into charts and graphs for presentations from the DET.

88 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 6

DEPLOYMENT AND CONTINGENCY SAFETY

6.1. Deployment and Contingency Safety Program. The purpose of this chapter is to provide

Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and Air Force Forces (AFFOR) a tool to preserve

combat capability and manage risk to US based and deployed Air Force units supporting US

homeland and worldwide contingency operations. The rotational nature of forces within an Area

of Responsibility (AOR) necessitates an active program and commander involvement at all levels.

Pre-planning, training, and preparation prior to deployments are essential to mission success.

6.1.1. Objectives:

6.1.1.1. Provide timely and accurate safety information to commanders.

6.1.1.2. Enhance deployed unit mishap prevention programs.

6.1.1.3. Recommend required mishap mitigation measures.

6.1.2. No aspect of this chapter is intended to conflict with existing AFPDs, AFIs or Tactics,

Techniques and Procedures. It is intended to clarify the duties and responsibilities of the

COMAFFOR, AFFOR and deployed Air Force Safety office in the context of a unique

deployment environment. In the event that this instruction conflicts with safety guidelines set

forth by AOR governing/executive agency, apply safety requirements consistent with

paragraph 1.5.3. The requirements of the Deployed and Contingency Safety Program apply

to all AFFOR assigned/gained/aligned units for the duration of their assignment or deployment.

In specific areas where guidance is lacking in this instruction, good judgment and thorough

communication throughout the chain of command must prevail.

6.1.3. Bare Base Safety.

6.1.3.1. Risk Management. While establishing bare base and short term operations, the

single most important action a deployed chief of safety can take is real-time risk

management. Specific programs as listed in this instruction will be implemented as

resources are available to establish and maintain them. Once in place, sustainment ops

commanders, supervisors and functional managers at all levels will develop and implement

safety, RM and health programs that integrate hazard reduction and safety policy into all

on-duty and off-duty operations and activities. (T-2)

6.1.3.2. Key Programs. Bare base safety priorities must include a Spot Inspection Program

(ensures safety is in the work areas), the Unit Safety Representative program (conduit for

information to and from the unit), and Mishap Response Plans. (T-1) As the location

matures, the commander must evaluate the need for additional programs. (T-2)

6.2. Air Force Forces Chief of Safety (AFFOR/SE).

6.2.1. AFFOR/SE elements will forward deploy as needed within the AOR in support of Air

Expeditionary Force tasking, Operational Plans (OPLANS), contingency operations, theater

engagement or to perform assessments.

6.2.2. AFFOR/SE Responsibilities:

6.2.2.1. Guide the execution of the AFFOR Safety Program within the AOR.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 89

6.2.2.2. Coordinate manpower requirements for staff safety functions in the AOR.

6.2.2.3. Coordinate and execute the AFFOR Hazard Review Board.

6.2.2.4. Coordinate with the COMAFFOR, Geographic Combatant Commands (GCC) and

other Component Commands of the GCC, Host Nations, sister services, MAJCOMs/NAFs,

other governmental agencies and non-governmental agencies on safety-specific theater

issues and safety investigations.

6.2.2.5. Author AOR OPLAN annexes, as required.

6.2.2.6. Conduct semi-annual evaluations to ensure continuity of AFFOR-gained units,

observe execution of unit safety programs and provide feedback, as necessary.

6.3. AFFOR Deployed Unit Safety Functions and Organizations. AFFOR deployed safety

offices will establish and maintain all required mishap prevention programs as addressed in this

instruction and applicable AOR procedures. (T-1) AFFOR/SE will provide guidance and

assistance as necessary.

6.3.1. Scope. Most units are composed of an Air Expeditionary Wing (AEW) or Air

Expeditionary Group (AEG), associated flying squadrons, maintenance units and mission

support units. Where there is no parent AEW or AEG, squadrons/detachments will assume

duties listed below, where applicable.

6.3.2. Air Expeditionary Wing/Group/Squadron Commander Responsibilities:

6.3.2.1. Coordinate/liaise with AFFOR/SE on requested manpower changes. (T-2)

6.3.2.2. Provide guidance to the assigned safety staff on performing safety duties. (T-2)

6.3.2.3. Expeditionary Squadron Commanders will appoint a USR for occupational safety.

(T-1) Designate, by signed memo, USRs to the AEW/AEG safety office prior to departure

of the current USR or within two weeks of arrival of new appointee. Newly appointed

USRs must coordinate with the AEW/AEG Safety Office for training so that training may

be accomplished within seven days of appointment notification. (T-2)

6.3.2.4. Expeditionary flying Squadron Commanders will designate, by signed memo, an

Additional Duty Flight Safety Officer to the AEW/AEG safety office prior to departure of

the current Additional Duty Flight Safety Officer or within two weeks of individual’s

arrival. (T-1) Additional Duty Flight Safety Officer should attend the Aviation Safety

Program Manager (ASPM) or AFSEC-certified MAJCOM equivalent courses.

6.3.2.5. At operating locations where the unit stores, handles or transports explosives, the

expeditionary unit commanders will designate, by signed memo, an Additional Duty

Weapons Safety Representative to the AEW/AEG safety office prior to departure of the

current Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representative or within two weeks of arrival, if

possible. (T-1)Newly appointed Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representatives must

coordinate with the AEW/AEG Safety Office for training so that training may be

accomplished within seven days of appointment notification. (T-2)

6.3.3. Operating Location and Deployed Safety Office Responsibilities.

6.3.3.1. US homeland based Operating Locations and detachments supporting AFFOR

AOR missions continue to employ safety program elements IAW their respective

90 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

MAJCOM/FOA/DRU directives. US homeland based AFFOR assigned/gained unit safety

offices shall incorporate AFFOR/SE coordination into their programs as determined

applicable by AFFOR/SE. (T-2)

6.3.3.2. Utilize the semi-annual ESOH Council to review recent safety events, items on

the master hazard abatement plan, hazard reports, SAV results, mishap experience and

weapons and flight-related issues of concern. (T-2) If an ESOH Council is not conducted

at a specific location, establish a semi-annual safety council to perform these tasks.

6.3.3.3. Subject to any GCC limitations, attempt to meet at least bi-monthly with host

nation air force or local airfield authority counterparts concerning safety issues. Document

meetings, or attempts, in writing and include agenda, attendees, discussion summary,

agreements, recommendations, action items and proposed date of next meeting. (T-2)

6.3.3.4. Maintain a Mishap Response Plan (separately or as part of the Installation

Emergency Management Plan) reflecting working relationships with local and installation

Agencies. (T-2)Mishap Response Plan will be employed and evaluated during Installation

Major Accident Response Exercises. (T-2) This activity should include all disciplines of

safety, if possible.

6.3.3.5. All identified hazards will be tracked IAW Chapter 4, Hazard Identification,

Reporting and Abatement. (T-1) Forward all hazard abatement issues that require Higher

Headquarters funding or involvement to AFFOR/SE for dissemination outside the AOR.

(T-1) In addition to established MAJCOM hazard abatement processes, US based

organizations supporting an AFFOR/AOR forward hazard abatement issues affecting AOR

mission accomplishment to AFFOR/SE for additional coordination within the Combatant

Command. (T-1)

6.3.3.6. Work with contracting officials to review procedures for procurement requests

prior to purchase via the Government Purchase Card and AF Form 9, Request for Purchase,

Chapter 12, Contract Safety, to assist purchase agents with procurement of items and

equipment that meet or exceed safety requirements, depending on the location.

6.3.3.7. Continuity Books. Each safety office will maintain comprehensive continuity

book covering all duties required of the safety staff. (T-2) The continuity books will contain

at a minimum: End of Tour reports, Rotational Safety Councils, Confined Space Program

team meetings, Flight Safety meetings, Airfield Operations Board meetings, and USR

meetings. (T-2)

6.3.3.8. End of Tour Reports. All individuals deployed into safety positions will submit

end of tour comments to the deployed Chief of Safety. (T-2) All deployed Chiefs of Safety

will consolidate inputs from each safety discipline and submit a written report to

AFFOR/SE before the completion of their deployment and maintain a copy in their

continuity book. (T-2) This report should focus on lessons learned, positive and negative.

Activities, actions and duties performed while deployed may be included but the primary

focus of the report is to improve the Deployed Safety Program. These reports will be posted

in the Air Force Joint Lessons Learned Information System Document Library

(https://www.jllis.mil) and forwarded or made available to other organizations (e.g.,

AFSEC, MAJCOMs/FLDCOMs/FOAs/DRUs, NAFs and wings), as appropriate. (T-2)

6.3.3.9. Weapons Safety.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 91

6.3.3.9.1. Explosives Site Planning. Site Planning will be accomplished IAW AFMAN

91-201, Explosives Safety Standards. (T-1)AFFOR Weapons Safety Division

(AFFOR/SEW) is the MAJCOM-level coordination authority for deployed AOR base

explosives site planning involving Air Force munitions assets. AFFOR Chief of

Weapons (AFFOR/SEW) will coordinate/liaise on similar issues in other AORs in

order to keep COMAFFOR appraised of issues which may affect AFFOR combat

capability. (T-1)

6.3.3.9.2. Deployed Weapons Safety Managers are responsible for initiating action for

the explosives site planning of potential explosives sites at their base. Deployed

Weapons Safety Managers will direct any problems involving explosives site planning

to AFFOR/SEW. (T-1) AFFOR/SEW will review all AOR explosives site plans and

provide guidance/technical assistance to theater operating location Weapon Safety

Managers. (T-1) Final approval must go through appropriate agencies as identified in

DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201. (T-0)

6.3.3.9.3. Units that handle less than 1,000 rounds of small arms ammunition, and are

not licensed, are not required to assign an Additional Duty Weapons Safety

Representative. Supervisors are responsible to monitor activities of these units.

6.3.3.9.4. Radiation Hazard Zones. Ensure radiation hazard zones are established with

the focus on personnel, electro-explosive devices and petroleum, oils, and lubricants.

Ensure interoperability with other systems deployed to the same location. (T-0) Refer

to AFI 48-109, Electromagnetic Field Radiation (EMFR) Occupational and

Environmental Health Program, AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation Protection

Program, AFI 91-208, Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO)

Certification and Management, and DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201 for additional

information.

6.3.3.10. Occupational Safety Managers (OSMs) are responsible for:

6.3.3.10.1. Providing safety briefings for the Personnel Support for Contingency

Operations office’s RIGHT START or equivalent program. The safety briefing will

address safety conditions/issues specific to that particular base/environment. (T-1)

6.3.3.10.2. Safety inspections, annual, spot, special, and high interest, will be

conducted IAW Chapter 4. (T-1)

6.3.3.10.3. Review designs and plans for projects and construction, coordinating with

AFFOR/SEW and AFFOR/SEF, as applicable. (T-2)

6.3.3.11. Space Safety. For operationally deployed space assets, system-related safety

issues will be directed through Wing Safety (or equivalent), NAF/Center Safety,

MAJCOM-FLDCOM Safety and AFSEC/SES. (T-1) Wing or equivalent-level safety

offices responsible for deployed assets are responsible for the following:

6.3.3.11.1. Directed Energy Systems. Ensure all directed energy systems are directed

away from aircraft traffic patterns and personnel. Ensure coordination with local air

traffic control to avoid development of flight patterns that may impinge upon Directed

Energy clear zones. Directed energy systems aimed above the horizon must interface

92 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

with the Laser Clearinghouse IAW DoDI 3100.11, Management of Laser Illumination

of Objects in Space. (T-0)

6.3.3.11.2. Frequency Management. Deploying units contact a Spectrum Manager at

the squadron, wing or installation, who, in turn, will contact the MAJCOM-FLDCOM

and AFFOR frequency managers prior to their unit’s arrival at the operating location

to de-conflict potential interference issues. (T-1) Upon arrival, deploying units contact

the local frequency manager to follow up on any changes which may have occurred

while en route. Ensure compliance with the published Joint Restricted Frequency List.

(T-0)

6.3.3.12. Deployed Supervisor. Ensure subordinates receive a safety briefing from the

deployed location safety staff on known hazards associated with deployed locations. (T-1)

Provide and document job safety training at deployed locations as specified in paragraph

1.6.28.13 (T-1)The deployed supervisor will ensure the individual is provided a copy of

the documented training to return to the home station supervisor. (T-1)

6.4. Mishap Prevention Program. AFFOR deployed safety offices will establish and maintain

all required mishap prevention programs as addressed in this instruction and applicable AOR

procedures. (T-1) AFFOR/SE will provide guidance and assistance as necessary.

6.4.1. Mishap Investigation. In general, COMAFFOR is not the convening authority for

mishaps in the AOR. Convening authority falls to the home station

MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU IAW AFI 91-204. The convening authority may contact the

COMAFFOR and/or AFFOR/SE to request local deployed safety office SIB support beyond

ISB responsibilities, provided the deployed commander and AFFOR/SE support the request.

Mishap investigations should be accomplished IAW AFI 91-204 with the following caveats:

6.4.1.1. Aviation. The COMAFFOR is the convening authority for all Class E and Hazard-

BASH, Controlled Movement Area Violations (CMAVs), Hazardous Air Traffic Reports

(HATRs), Class E and Hazard Laser events, and appropriate hazards to promote location-

dependent trending and intervention.

6.4.1.2. Ground. The COMAFFOR is the convening authority for mishaps related to War

Readiness Materiel assets or injury/death of an AOR permanent change of station member.

6.4.1.3. Explosives. The COMAFFOR is the convening authority for all munitions

mishaps that don’t involve improper weapons activation (not actuated from

weapon/aircraft). For events involving accidental or improper weapons activation (misfire,

jamming, etc.), the home station MAJCOM/[FLDCOM/FOA/DRU of the person/aircraft

is convening authority.

6.4.2. Mishap Notification Procedures. AFFOR/SE will be notified immediately of any Class

A or Class B mishaps and included as an addressee on all safety reports, e-mails and messages

concerning events that involve USAF assets in or supporting contingency operations in the

AOR (T-2) In the event of a Class A or Class B aviation, ground or weapons mishap,

AFFOR/SE will be the primary coordinator with MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU convening

authorities and the Air Force Safety Center. (T-1)

6.5. Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Safety Awards. Deployed individuals and units are

eligible for MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU and AF-level safety awards. Refer to AFMAN 36-

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 93

2806, Awards and Memorialization Program, for additional information regarding AF-level safety

awards.

6.6. AFFOR/SE Visits. AFFOR/SE will conduct semi-annual visits to AOR Operating Locations

and deployed units. (T-2) Additionally, AFFOR safety will conduct interim visits as requested by

AEW/AEG commanders. (T-2) Due to the cyclical nature of deployed personnel, these visits are

an important tool to reinforce safety presence with the subordinate units. SAVs will focus on areas

requested by the AEW/AEG safety office or as determined by AFFOR/SE, based on previous

program evaluation (PE) reports and other correspondence.

94 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 7

AVIATION SAFETY

7.1. Program Management. Each unit conducting or supporting flight operations, to include

small unmanned aircraft systems operations, must have an aviation safety program. The Chief of

Safety or senior installation safety representative will ensure an active safety presence at the

installation through the plans, programs and training responsibilities outlined below. (T-1)

7.1.1. The installation safety office is responsible for the base aviation safety program.

7.1.2. Tenant units coordinate their flight safety programs with the installation to avoid

duplication. If the installation does not have an FSO allocation, the largest tenant with an

allocation manages the base flight safety program. If neither the installation nor the tenant has

an FSO allocation, flight safety responsibilities revert to the installation Chief of Safety.

7.2. Plans. The FSO/Flight Safety Manager/FSNCO should help develop and review appropriate

emergency response plans and coordinate on any other installation plans involving flight safety or

aircraft emergencies. These plans will include but are not limited to:

7.2.1. Installation Emergency Management Plan. (T-3) The COS is responsible for ensuring

that units develop an aviation specific portion of the Installation Emergency Management Plan.

The Chief of Safety ensures the plan defines roles, responsibilities and notification

requirements for leadership and all involved agencies. The Installation Emergency

Management Plan should include elements of or a reference to existing plans concerning the

disaster response required by AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management Program.

7.2.2. Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Plan. (T-1) The installation safety office,

or assigned tenant unit with a flying mission, will establish the BASH plan, to include, defining

the nature and extent of wildlife hazards and implementation of the plan. (T-2)

7.2.2.1. BASH Plan implementation must be consistent with all program requirements

IAW AFI 91-212, Bird/wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management.

7.2.2.2. BASH plans for Outside Continental United States (OCONUS) locations should

include environmental considerations included in the Status of Forces Agreement, and,

when available, input from local, regional or governmental environment and wildlife

personnel.

7.3. Programs. The COS will ensure the following programs are established, maintained and

reviewed at least annually. (T-1)

7.3.1. BASH Program. Refer to AFI 91-212 for the responsibilities for establishing and

administering the Air Force BASH Program.

7.3.2. Hazardous Air Traffic Reporting (HATR) Program. HATR information is vital to Air

Force flight safety. Use of information taken from these reports is for mishap prevention, not

intended to initiate disciplinary actions. HATR information is not privileged information and

is releasable outside Air Force channels. The AF Form 651, Hazardous Air Traffic Report

(HATR), should not include identities or personal information. Responsibilities for establishing

and administering the HATR program include:

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 95

7.3.2.1. Unit commanders will ensure AF Form 651 and AF Form 457, USAF Hazard

Report, are available to aircrews at base operations facilities, flying squadron operations

offices, in trip kits and USAF Air Traffic Control (ATC) facilities. (T-3) Commanders

must emphasize the importance of identifying hazardous situations and direct the filing of

appropriate HATR events as a method of preventing future mishaps. (T-3)

7.3.2.2. Unit safety offices will investigate high accident potentials (HAPs) and HATRs

IAW AFI 91-204 and AFMAN 91-223. (T-3) The FSO or Flight Safety Manager will

ensure HATR reporting procedures and requirements are briefed at least annually to

aircrew and ATC personnel. Refer to AFMAN 91-223 for reporting requirements.

7.3.3. Midair Collision Avoidance (MACA) Program. Units with flying programs must

establish a written or electronic MACA program. (T-1) The unit safety office is responsible

for its creation, documentation, and upkeep. (T-2) The FSO/Flight Safety Manager works

closely with the Operations Group-determined OPR and other interested parties such as the

Airfield Operations Flight Commander, the airspace manager, Air Traffic Control, local Fixed

Base Operators, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, and the local Flight Standards District

Officer, to establish a comprehensive MACA program. The FSO/Flight Safety Manager uses

the resources and services of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards

District Officer accident prevention specialists or equivalent host nation agency, if applicable.

Tailor the MACA program to meet local needs. As a minimum, the FSO/Flight Safety Manager

will coordinate with appropriate agencies to accomplish these key objectives:

7.3.3.1. Ensure the free flow of MACA information between installation and tenant

organizations, effective communication between base, local military aviation units, local

airport managers, fixed base operators, and local small unmanned aircraft systems

operators and actively support the HATR Program. Actively engage and acquaint the local

flying public and all military units that use the local airspace with configurations, speeds,

and altitudes of routine operations in the vicinity. The FSO/FSM should schedule MACA

meetings during a time that allows maximum participation of both civilian and military

personnel.

7.3.3.2. Evaluate the midair collision potential with civilian operators and work with

operators of nearby airfields to reduce risk and minimize the hazards. (T-3) Evaluate the

midair collision potential with small unmanned aircraft systems and work with small

unmanned aircraft systems operators to reduce risk and minimize the hazards. (T-3)

7.3.3.3. Develop a MACA pamphlet. (T-3) The MACA pamphlet is an installation-wing

responsibility. Tenant units will provide MDS-specific information as required and will

coordinate on the installation-wing pamphlet. (T-3) Overseas locations should consider

publishing the pamphlet in the host country’s language along with English. Provide

educational programs/publications to general aviation servicing facilities to increase the

use of available radar services among civil aircraft. Develop appropriate maps and graphics

showing the base radar services and routes. (T-3) Distribute the maps to all civil airfield

managers, fixed base operators, military base operations, airports, local small unmanned

aircraft systems operators, including hobby shops and model aircraft clubs, and other flying

operations that use the surrounding airspace. (T-3)

96 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

7.3.3.4. Units may combine MACA programs with other military organizations in a 50-

mile range of their base. (T-3) This will require more coordination efforts but will result in

a better product to be used by the area’s civilian population.

7.3.4. Awards Program. Ensure proper recognition of personnel through the Air Force Safety

Awards Program as outlined in AFMAN 36-2806. (T-3)

7.3.5. Operational/Training Squadron Flight Safety Program. The squadron commander will

maintain overall supervision of the flight safety program. (T-3) The squadron assigned flight

safety officer represents an extension of the wing flight safety program at the squadron level.

In addition to managing the squadron flight safety program, these individuals are still

responsible for carrying out all normal wing safety duties as requested by Wing Chief of Safety.

Units possessing aircraft with enlisted crew positions should also consider appointing an

enlisted crewmember as additional duty flight safety NCO to assist in the flight safety program.

The squadron commander will ensure that the following actions are accomplished by the

squadron assigned flight safety officers:

7.3.5.1. Upon appointment, contact the wing safety office for required training. (T-3)

7.3.5.2. Administer the unit safety program using this instruction as a guide and

management tool. (T-3)

7.3.5.3. Disseminate flight safety information to unit crewmembers. (T-3)

7.3.5.4. Forward all flying safety matters of significance, which cannot be corrected at unit

level through the unit commander to the COS. (T-3)

7.3.5.5. Assist in conducting wing safety spot inspections as requested and conduct unit

self-inspections. (T-3)

7.3.5.6. Ensure a current file of applicable safety directives, to include this instruction, AFI

91-204, AFMAN 91-223 and AFI 91-212 are maintained by the unit. (T-3)

7.3.5.7. Maintain Volume V of the squadron Flight Crew Information File IAW AFI 11-

202, Volume 2, Aircrew Standardization/Evaluation Program, if applicable. (T-3) Use of

Volume V is optional IAW AFI 11-202, Volume 2. If Volume V is utilized, procedures

will be implemented to ensure all aircrews review Volume V. (T-3)

7.3.5.8. Maintain unit safety bulletin boards. (T-3)

7.3.6. Data-centric Proactive Safety Programs. Chiefs of Safety and unit-level staffs will use

MFOQA, ASAP and Line Operations Safety Audit proactive safety as correlated data streams

for hazard identification and risk mitigation to prevent mishaps and accomplish the mission.

(T-2)Proactive safety programs enable leaders, safety professionals, aircrews and support

personnel to achieve efficiencies in maintenance, operations, safety, tactics and training. These

programs affect positive change in the Air Force by engendering a culture where personnel are

willing to identify hazards and errors, not cover them up. Refer to paragraphs 5.10 – 5.12 for

a more detailed description of MFOQA, ASAP and Line Operations Safety Audit. Refer to

AFI 91-225, Safety Programs, for how all proactive safety programs are conducted in a Just

Culture.

7.3.7. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Flight Safety Program. Units conducting Small

Unmanned Aircraft System Operations are typically not designated as Flying Squadrons (i.e.,

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 97

Maintenance, Public Affairs, CE, Security Forces or small flying units), however, they will

comply with the following:

7.3.7.1. Will have an Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer/Flight Safety Manager

assigned as an additional duty with responsibilities identified in paragraphs 7.3.5.1 through

7.3.5.8, or may have the responsibilities of the Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer

shared with another unit on base. (T-3)

7.3.7.2. Units up to the Wing level will designate a primary and alternate System Expert

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Officer for each UAS operated by the unit, for the

purpose of mishap investigations. (T-3)

7.3.7.3. At least one squadron assigned flight safety officer/Flight Safety Manager on a

base supporting small unmanned aircraft systems will be ASPM and AMIC trained. (T-3)

7.3.7.4. Small unmanned aircraft systems operations must still adhere to requirements of

this chapter. (T-3)

7.4. Aero Club Operations. The installation unit commander appoints an FSO as a safety

advisor to the base Aero Club. (T-3)If the installation unit does not have an assigned FSO, the

commander will obtain the assistance of a tenant unit FSO to provide safety assistance to the Aero

Club. (T-3) The installation safety office may investigate Aero Club mishaps IAW AFI 91-204.

However, the National Transportation Safety Board or host nation civil aviation authority has

primary responsibility for investigating and reporting. Refer to AFI 34-101, Air Force Morale,

Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) Programs and Use Eligibility, for further guidance on Aero Club

support. The wing safety advisor should attend the monthly aero club safety meetings.

7.5. Training Meetings and Briefings. The COS will ensure the following:

7.5.1. Each flying unit will conduct quarterly aircrew flying safety meetings. (T-3) This

requirement is fulfilled whether conducted as a unit or wing. Topics covered should include

unit mishaps, MDS-specific trend analysis, local flying hazards (e.g., airspace, aerodrome),

seasonal concerns (weather), human factors to include annual fatigue management and

awareness training given by Aerospace Physiology or Aerospace Medicine, etc.

7.5.2. Maintenance units receive critical safety alerts, timely briefings on maintenance-related

mishaps, and trends relevant to the unit’s mission/MDS. (T-2)

7.5.3. Airfield Operations personnel receive timely briefings on HATR and CMAV related

events and trends. (T-3)

7.5.4. Interim Safety Board Training. The FSO/Flight Safety Manager conducts annual

training for unit personnel identified to serve as interim safety board members in conjunction

with or for the safety office. (T-3) This requirement is not applicable for AFRC. ISB

composition is identified in AFMAN 91-223.

7.5.5. Other Activities Related to Flight Safety. The FSO/Flight Safety Manager/FSNCO or

their designated representative, will attend Airfield Operations Board meetings, Foreign Object

Damage Prevention Committee meetings and Standardization/Evaluation and Training review

meetings. (T-3)

98 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

7.6. Inspections/Assessments and Monitoring.

7.6.1. Flight Safety personnel will conduct assessments/inspections of all assigned

(installation) flying units’ flight safety programs for compliance with USAF and wing safety

requirements IAW Table 3.1 (T-3)Assessments/inspections of tenant unit flying safety

programs will only be accomplished as stated in base support agreements. (T-3)The tenant’s

higher headquarters assesses the tenant’s internal program. (T-3)Refer to Chapter 3, Safety

Assurance, for additional guidance.

7.6.2. USAF Hazard Reporting. The FSO or Flight Safety Manager investigates reported

flight-related hazards according to Chapter 4.

7.6.3. Flight safety personnel, to include AVSNCO and squadron assigned FSO, will inspect,

assess, and monitor flight-related workplaces, operations and support in accordance with

Chapter 3 criteria. (T-2) With the assistance of the installation Occupational Safety office,

assign RACs to flight safety hazards. (T-2) Potential spot inspection/monitoring areas include,

but are not limited to:

7.6.3.1. Airfield. Installation has responsibility for entire airfield. Tenant units need only

inspect/monitor unit-specific ramps and taxiways. Note: May be accomplished in

conjunction with activities prescribed in AFMAN 13-204V1, Management of Airfield

Operations, and AFMAN 13-204V2, Airfield Management.

7.6.3.1.1. High-interest areas.

7.6.3.1.2. Ramps and runways, including taxiways, overruns, stressed pavement areas

and unstressed pavement areas immediately next to runways.

7.6.3.1.3. Engine-run areas, including engine exhaust standoff distances and condition

of pavement to prevent Foreign Object Damage.

7.6.3.1.4. Lighting systems, including runway lights, approach, taxiway, and ramp

lights and vehicle control lights.

7.6.3.1.5. Barriers and arresting gear.

7.6.3.1.6. Airfield obstructions, including obstacles on approach paths.

7.6.3.1.7. Airfield markings, including runway markings, distance markings, taxi

lines, etc.

7.6.3.1.8. Airfield signs, include distance remaining, instrument hold, visual flight

rules hold, taxiway guidance, etc.

7.6.3.1.9. Vehicle traffic control on or around the airfield and parking areas.

7.6.3.1.10. Airfield vegetation and drainage.

7.6.3.1.11. Wildlife hazards present on the airfield.

7.6.3.2. Operations and Maintenance.

7.6.3.2.1. Supervisor of flying program.

7.6.3.2.2. Runway supervision program.

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7.6.3.2.3. Emergency-response equipment, including crash-rescue vehicles,

ambulances, communications and crash-recovery equipment.

7.6.3.2.4. Bird/Wildlife strike reporting.

7.6.3.2.5. Aircraft marshaling, fueling and towing procedures.

7.6.3.2.6. Foreign object damage-control program, control equipment and procedures.

7.6.3.2.7. Aero Club operations.

7.6.3.2.8. Aircraft generations, engine start and launch exercises.

7.6.3.2.9. Post-flight maintenance debriefing procedures.

7.6.3.2.10. Unit and transient (installation only) maintenance operations.

7.6.3.2.11. Product Quality Deficiency Reporting System.

7.6.3.2.12. Flight safety information use in maintenance training flight.

7.6.3.2.13. Maintenance engine-run training procedures.

7.6.3.2.14. Snow removal plans and operations, if applicable.

7.6.3.2.15. Deicing training for aircrew and maintenance, to include flightline-deicing

procedures.

7.6.3.2.16. Low-level routes, weapons ranges and drop zones.

7.6.3.2.17. Functional check flight procedures.

7.6.3.2.18. Assigned and attached unit’s flight workplaces, briefings and meetings.

7.6.3.2.19. Life-support workplaces and training programs.

7.6.3.2.20. Egress training.

7.7. Airfield Maintenance, Construction and Waivers (Installation). COS or designated SE

representative monitors routine airfield maintenance and major construction projects. (Note:

Ensure any conversations with the contractors concerning safety-related matters are not construed

as contract changes). On major construction projects, the Chief of Safety or designated SE

representative reviews the initial plan and follow-on plans for compliance with AFI 32-1023,

Designing and Constructing Military Construction Projects, UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport

Planning and Design, and attends the pre-construction conference or briefing to consider if it will

affect unit operations. Note: At OCONUS locations, plans shall be IAW Status of Forces

Agreement, Host Nation Funded Construction Agreement and Bilateral Infrastructure Agreement.

(T-3)

7.7.1. Chief of Safety will participate in annual Airfield Manager’s review of airfield waivers

per AFMAN 13-204V2. (T-3)

7.7.2. When able, the Chief of Safety should participate in risk analysis of items needing

waivers and work to eliminate those items. Consider these factors:

7.7.2.1. The inspection of areas before use.

7.7.2.2. The impact of maintenance and construction on daily flying schedule and

emergency situations.

100 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

7.7.2.3. The communications between the tower and contractor, and the availability of the

contracting agent.

7.7.2.4. Controlling vehicular traffic on the airfield and designating haul routes for

contractor trucks.

7.7.2.5. Briefing pilots and transient aircrews with updated information.

7.7.2.6. Establishing the minimum allowable distance between equipment and the runway.

7.7.2.7. Marking obstructions, controlling foreign objects and assigning hearing

protection.

7.7.2.8. Explosives safety criteria.

7.7.2.9. The potential impact of construction on wildlife hazards to airfield operations.

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Chapter 8

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

8.1. Program Management. This chapter contains the minimum requirements for safety offices

at all command levels. Occupational safety mishap prevention efforts include both on-duty and

off-duty activities.

8.1.1. Each installation occupational safety manager will implement and manage a base-wide

occupational safety program IAW applicable AFPD/AFI/AFMAN 90- and 91-series guidance,

and other applicable regulatory guidance. (T-1) Newly assigned occupational safety managers

will conduct and document an occupational safety program self-assessment within 90 days of

taking the position. (T-1)

8.1.2. Installation safety offices may not impose host command-unique requirements on tenant

units unless specified in the support agreement. Tenant USAF units without full-time qualified

safety authorizations receive the same safety services as installation subordinate units. (Note:

HAF, MAJCOM, AFOTEC and NAF safety offices are not configured as a traditional safety

office IAW AFMS 11H100 and are, therefore, treated as a tenant unit without an assigned

safety staff. They will follow the host program unless specified in a host tenant support

agreement.) Support Agreements will identify and delineate responsibilities. IAW DoDI

4000.19, Support Agreements, and AFI 25-201, Intra-Service, Intra-Agency, and Inter- Agency

Support Agreements Procedures, non-USAF tenant units may be provided safety services

based on support agreements (host may require reimbursement for services provided). (T-2)

Wing subordinate units and tenant organizations will implement a program that supports the

installation program as defined within the host/tenant support agreements, when applicable.

(T-1)

8.1.3. One-deep safety positions will develop and maintain complete and thorough continuity

folders covering all duties required by their positions. (T-1)

8.2. Assurance Requirements. Occupational safety personnel will conduct inspections and

assessments of all assigned units. (T-1)Refer to Chapter 3, Safety Assurance, for inspection and

assessment guidance.

8.3. Installation Occupational Safety Staff Responsibilities. The installation Occupational

Safety staff will manage:

8.3.1. Ensure all managers, supervisors, and employees are trained to identify, evaluate, and

control workplace hazards. (T-1) Assist supervisors in developing and maintaining Job Hazard

Analysis(es), and setting up programs to ensure organizational compliance with OSHA, DoD,

and Air Force safety requirements. Note: Overseas installations will consider application of

installation nation standards as well. (T-1)

8.3.2. Investigate and report all events IAW AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports,

and AFMAN 91-224, Ground Safety Investigations and Reports. (T-1)

8.3.3. Will work cooperatively with other installation functions to include but not limited to

tenant units’ safety staff, BE, CE, Security Forces, Personnel, Contracting, Logistics Readiness

Squadron, Force Support Squadron, Public Health, Installation Occupational and

Environmental Medicine Consultant, Fire and Emergency Services (FES) Flight, and

102 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Aerospace and Operational Physiology Technician personnel to provide an effective

occupational safety program. (T-2)

8.3.3.1. Coordinate with installation LRS to obtain GOV damage/mishap/abuse reports to

evaluate and determine mishap reporting criteria. (T-2)

8.3.3.2. Coordinate with the installation Judge Advocate to obtain data on tort claims that

reached Class D or higher threshold value. (T-2)

8.3.3.3. Coordinate with the installation contracting office to obtain data on contractor

mishaps involving government losses that reached Class D or higher threshold value. (T-2)

8.3.4. Monitor on-base sports facilities and activities. (T-2)

8.3.5. Implement a traffic safety program IAW AFI 91-207, US Air Force Traffic Safety

Program. (T-1)Joint bases will follow the established Memorandum of Agreement. (T-0)

8.3.6. Review and recommend for approval, as appropriate, the use of new hazardous

materials in accordance with AFMAN 32-7002. (T-1) Coordinate on updates of the

installation’s hazardous materials Authorized User List when requested by the installation

Environmental Management office under the installation Hazardous Materials Management

Program. (T-1)

8.3.7. Review CE work requests, project designs, and specifications for safety criteria. (T-1)

8.3.8. Provide technical safety consultation services to all base activities and promote on-duty

and off-duty safety awareness. (T-2)

8.3.9. Budget for training safety professionals, safety educational materials, and safety

promotional campaigns. (T-1) Refer to AFI 65-601V1, Budget Guidance and Procedures, for

more information.

8.3.10. Work with contracting officials and unit purchasing personnel to ensure requests for

equipment products and services using purchase orders and/or Government Purchase Card are

reviewed for potential safety and health impact in accordance with AFI 64-117, Air Force

Government-Wide Purchase Card (GPC) Program, AFMAN 32-7002 and Chapter 12. (T-1)

8.3.11. Assist tenant units without full-time safety personnel with ground event reporting

procedures and requirements IAW established applicable host/tenant support agreements.

(T-2)

8.3.12. Coordinate Department of the Air Force civilian and Non-Appropriated Fund civilian

mishap investigation information through the appropriate channels, and provide a

representative to actively participate in the Federal Employee Compensation Act Working

Group, if one is held at the installation level. (T-0)

8.3.13. Maintain records of reportable and recordable events IAW 29 CFR 1904, Recording

and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, DoDI 6055.07, Mishap Notification,

Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping, AFI 91-204, AFMAN 91-224, and AFMAN

33-363, Management of Records. (T-0)

8.3.14. Maintain a master list or file of approved safety, fire protection, and occupational

health variances or exemptions to AFMAN 91-203 and any variances to AFOSH requirements

that apply to the installation. (T-1) The current approved variances/exemptions are available

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 103

at the AFSEC/SEG SharePoint® website (https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-

SEG/Resources).

8.3.15. Responsible for developing and implementing an OSHA Reception and Action Plan.

This plan will address actions to implement prior to, during, and after an OSHA event. (T-0)

This includes official OSHA representative installation visits and OSHA requests for self-

investigation/inspection. These procedures will address all requirements called for in

paragraph 13.3 and those contained within DoDI 6055.01, Enclosure 3. (T-0)

8.3.16. Assist in the development and review of emergency response plans and procedures for

handling events such as, but not limited to ground and aircraft emergencies, toxic spills,

ventilation malfunctions, cleanup operations, and emergency egress. (T-1)These areas of

review include:

8.3.16.1. Disaster response required by AFI 10-2501.

8.3.16.2. HAZMAT response required by AFI 10-2501.

8.3.16.3. Response to severe weather warnings.

8.3.16.4. Crash recovery plans.

8.3.16.5. Notifying and convening Interim Safety Boards (ISBs) for ground-related

mishaps.

8.3.17. Provide fully qualified occupational safety personnel in support of Air Expeditionary

Force deployment tasks. (T-1)Occupational safety managers will know the current deployment

status of all assigned military personnel and ensure the proper status information is provided

for the Airman Readiness Tool Report. (T-1)

8.3.17.1. To ensure personnel are competent with occupational safety program

responsibilities, the individual’s supervisor or occupational safety manager will conduct a

review of all appropriate skill level core tasks with individuals prior to their deployment.

(T-1)

8.3.17.2. Individuals who do not meet required core tasks for appropriate skill level

requirements will be required to receive appropriate training from their supervisor, OSM,

or other recognized source prior to deployment. (T-1)

8.3.18. Ensure qualified and proficient Occupational Safety (1S0/0018) personnel conduct the

Air Force Supervisor Safety Training (SST) that incorporates MAJCOM/FOA/DRU and

organization/installation unique requirements, if any, into the core curriculum. (T-1) Group or

Wing-level tenants with an assigned safety staff will conduct their own SST to ensure their

assigned personnel are trained in their MAJCOM/FOA/DRU program specifics unless

otherwise specified in host/tenant support agreements. (T-1)

8.3.19. Assist COS in new commander safety orientations/immersion when occupational

safety interest are present in the organization. (T-1)

8.3.20. Administer the occupational safety awards program IAW AFMAN 36-2806. (T-1)

8.3.21. Ensure newly assigned USRs are trained within 30 working days after receipt of

appointment letter. (T-2) Air Reserve Component primary and alternate USR will complete

initial training within two unit training assemblies of appointment. (T-2)

104 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

8.3.21.1. USRs will receive localized training based on USAF, MAJCOM-

FLDCOM/FOA/DRU, and installation-specific requirements. (T-1)

8.3.21.2. Deployed USRs will complete the USR Training Course located on ADLS

within three calendar days of the safety office receiving notification of appointment.

(T-2)Upon completion of the computer based training, ensure a copy of the training

certificate is provided to the safety office. (T-1)The supporting occupational safety office

will provide localized training within seven calendar days of receipt of appointment letter.

(T-1)

8.3.22. Evaluate and process safety related hazard reports, to include ASAP generated reports,

and maintain a master hazard report log. (T-1)

8.4. Tenant Unit and Geographically Separated Unit Responsibilities. The tenant’s higher

headquarters will perform assessments of the tenant’s internal program IAW Chapter 3. (T-1)

8.4.1. Tenant and Geographically Separated Units without full-time safety staff will appoint

an occupational USR IAW paragraph 2.2 and comply with the responsibilities outlined in

paragraphs 2.2 and 8.5, and any applicable formal support agreements. (T-1)

8.4.2. Tenant units with authorized qualified safety personnel carry out all program elements

not performed by the installation and conduct their assessments, inspections and mishap

investigations IAW a host/tenant support agreement. The host/tenant support agreement will

specify those responsibilities from paragraph 8.3 that have been agreed to. (T-2)

8.5. Unit Safety Representative (USR) Responsibilities. In additional to paragraph 2.2., USRs

will:

8.5.1. Advise the commander on safety related matters at least on a quarterly basis or more

frequently as necessary and document key elements briefed. (T-2)

8.5.2. Assist supervisors and unit personnel in the hazard abatement process. (T-1)

8.5.3. Ensure mishap notification procedures are established in the unit and assist installation

safety, unit commander, and supervisors with mishap investigations. (T-1)

8.5.4. Disseminate safety educational materials within the unit. (T-1)

8.5.5. Conducts spot inspections IAW paragraph 3.7.3. (T-1)

8.5.6. Comply with the safety program requirements to include attending USR meetings.

(T-1)

8.5.7. Post AFVA 91-209, Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Program, in a

conspicuous location readily accessible to all employees and applicants for employment. (T-1)

8.5.8. Provide their safety office with a current listing of all facilities owned/used by their unit

for safety inspection purposes. (T-1)

8.5.9. Provide a Rapid Response Report for OSHA when requested by the safety office. (T-1)

8.6. Hazard Identification and Abatement. The installation occupational safety office will:

8.6.1. Assign RACs to safety hazards and deficiencies, as applicable, and coordinate with

health and fire protection officials when it involves their area of expertise. (T-1) For additional

instruction for assigning RACs, see paragraphs 13.7, 13.8, 15.1 and 15.2. Note: Tenant unit

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 105

occupational safety staffs are permitted to assign RACs, but will coordinate RACs 1-3 with

the installation occupational safety office to ensure the RACs are managed accordingly in the

master hazard abatement plan. (T-1)

8.6.2. Complete abatement priority number when required to assist in establishing funding

priorities. (T-1)

8.6.3. Maintain the installation master hazard abatement plan, including AF Form 3, Hazard

Abatement Plan, covering safety, fire, and health hazards. (T-0) Note: Assignment of RACs

for fire and health hazard(s) is the responsibility of the fire department and medical officials

respectively. Fire safety deficiencies will not be included in the master hazard abatement plan

as they are managed IAW AFI 32-10141, Planning and Programming Fire Safety Deficiency

Correction Projects.

8.7. Federal/State Inspections of DoD Working Conditions and Mishap Investigations. For

guidance related to federal/state Events, refer to paragraph 13.3.

8.8. DoL Occupational Safety and Health Administration Annual Visit

Summary. AFSEC/SEG will use the procedures and information attained through the AFSAS

OSHA Events Module to identify trends, corporate-wide issues, and complete the annual report

required by the DoL. (T-0)

8.9. Occupational Safety Corporate Committee. The Occupational Safety Corporate

Committee is a forum conducted at the direction of the AF Chief of Safety. The forum meets at

least semi-annually to address issues of interest to the AF occupational safety community. The

committee membership includes, AFSEC and MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU occupational

safety managers. The charter is posted on Air Force Occupational Safety SharePoint® website

(https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG/Resources).

106 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 9

WEAPONS SAFETY

9.1. Program Management. The Weapons Safety program comprises four disciplines:

Explosives Safety, Missile Safety, Nuclear Surety and Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) safety.

9.1.1. Units at and above squadron level with an explosives, missile, nuclear or directed

energy weapons mission must have a weapons safety program. (T-2)

9.1.2. The installation safety office coordinates weapons safety for the entire installation.

Tenant units implement mission unique mishap prevention programs where the installation

does not have a mission in that area. Tenant units must coordinate, through an MOA or MOU,

any additional program functions with the installation to avoid duplication and clearly

delineate responsibility. (T-3)

9.1.3. Where the host owns the mission, the tenant organization is subject to the host's

MAJCOM requirements.

9.2. Weapons Safety Personnel Management and Manning Plan. Weapons Safety personnel

are normally from the 2WXXX or 2MXXX career fields. Civilian personnel with the appropriate

series (0018, 0017) experience in the safety career program may be used in all positions that do

not have a military necessity. It is the responsibility of the Chief of Safety to recruit, train and staff

the Weapons Safety function. (T-2)

9.2.1. MAJCOM Chief of Weapons Safety must have munitions, missile or nuclear weapons

experience.

9.2.2. Individuals will be scheduled for formal Weapons Safety Management Course

L3AZR2W071-0C2A within 90 days of assuming weapons safety position and complete the

course within six months of being assigned. MAJCOMs must ensure all weapons safety

personnel in their command are properly trained. Additional nuclear surety training

requirements are listed in AFI 91-101, Air Force Nuclear Weapons Surety Program.

9.2.3. Upon completion of training course L3AZR2W071-0C2A and six months in the

Weapons Safety position, the Chief of Safety will ensure the individual is awarded special

experience identifier (SEI) 375 and a two-year assignment deferment is initiated if the

individual is satisfactorily accomplishing Weapons Safety tasks. (T-3) Note: Assignment

deferment is not applicable for ANG or AFRC personnel.

9.2.4. Based on mission needs, Weapons Safety personnel are highly encouraged to attend the

following courses: Safety Manager Course (SMC), MINA, Introduction to Mishap

Investigation, AMMO-47 Lightning Protection for Air Force Facilities, Explosives Safety

Siting (ESS) Training and AMMO-65 DoD Contractor’s Explosives Safety Standards.

9.3. Explosives Safety Standards. Air Force explosives safety standards are in AFMAN 91-201,

Explosives Safety Standards. Criteria for specific explosives are specified in technical publications

and other standard publications, such as command and local directives.

9.4. Weapons Safety Personnel. Manage Weapons Safety program to ensure Air Force units

understand and comply with all explosives, missile, nuclear surety and directed energy safety

standards.

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9.4.1. Review waivers, exemptions and deviations from established explosives safety criteria

and advise commanders of the increased damage potential these exceptions allow. (T-1)

9.4.2. Ensure units identify and integrate compensatory measures into locally written

procedures. (T-2)

9.4.3. Assist units in performing a risk assessment for explosives operations according to

applicable directives. (T-2)

9.4.4. Coordinate on all local written procedures affecting weapons safety and perform annual

review. (T-2)

9.4.5. Remain aware of planning and activities on the installation that affect weapons safety.

The Weapon Safety Manager must conduct and maintain documentation of initial and annual

reviews on munitions-related written instructions, explosives test plans, deployment plans,

OPLANs, operational orders and local directives involving the storage, handling and

inspection of nuclear weapons, missiles, explosives or directed energy weapons. (T-2) Copies

of reviewed documentation must be maintained by safety office. (T-2) Archived/inactive test

plans, safety appendices or written procedures do not require annual review unless reactivated.

9.4.6. Advise each new wing and group level commander responsible for an explosive safety

program within 60 days of appointment on applicable waivers, exemptions, deviations and

compensatory measures as well as the associated risk for each. Commanders below group level

will be briefed by appointed Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representatives, when

appropriate. (T-2)

9.4.7. Participate in mishap prevention and Risk Management determination in the following

areas:

9.4.7.1. Maintenance, storage, alert, research and developmental test, and operating

locations. (T-2)

9.4.7.2. Flight line explosives operations. (T-2)

9.4.7.3. Operational procedures for aircraft carrying hazardous materials. (T-2)

9.4.7.4. Explosives Ordnance Disposal proficiency/demolition ranges. (T-2)

9.4.7.5. Nuclear surety elements. (See AFI 91-101). (T-2)

9.4.7.6. Munitions Material Handling Equipment quality assurance programs. (T-2)

9.4.7.7. Weapon systems maintenance. (T-2)

9.4.7.8. Weapon systems modifications, special exercises and test programs. (T-2)

9.4.7.9. Planning for contingencies. (T-2)

9.4.7.10. Concurrent Servicing Operations. (T-2)

9.4.7.11. Licensed locations. (T-2)

9.4.7.12. Installation support (Continental United States only) for Department of Energy

(DoE) shipments (SAFE HAVEN). (See AFMAN 91-201). (T-2)

9.4.7.13. Weapons safety training for unit personnel. (T-2)

9.4.7.14. Weapons test review process, if applicable. (T-2)

108 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

9.4.7.15. Explosives movement route. (T-2)

9.4.7.16. Hot Cargo Pads and Inspection Points/Secure Holding Location for Explosives-

Loaded Commercial Vehicles. (T-2)

9.4.7.17. Management, storage and disposition of Materials Potentially Presenting an

Explosives Hazard. (T-2)

9.4.7.18. Aerial port explosives operations. (T-2)

9.4.7.19. Small arms ranges. (T-2)

9.4.7.20. Field training exercise areas where explosives are used. (T-2)

9.4.7.21. Missile Alert Facilities and Launch Facilities. (T-2)

9.4.8. Annually review installation explosives location map and provide changes and

corrections to CE. (T-2) Review must be documented and maintained by the safety office.

(T-2) CE published maps should be coordinated with logistics, airfield management and safety.

The reviews can be documented on separate logs and will include but not be limited to the

following applicable areas:

9.4.8.1. Explosives safety “clear zones” required around each location based on approved

site plans. (T-2)

9.4.8.2. Primary and alternate explosives movement routes through the installation. (T-2)

9.4.8.3. Authorized airfield locations for conducting explosives operations to include

concurrent servicing operations activities, explosives aircraft cargo on or off loading and

combat aircraft explosives loading. (T-2)

9.4.8.4. Locations for handling hung ordnance and gun-clearing operations. (T-2)

9.4.8.5. Arm and de-arm areas. (T-2)

9.4.8.6. Explosives support workplaces, such as airfield munitions holding areas. (T-2)

9.4.8.7. Base explosives prohibited zones (see DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201 and UFC

3-260-01). (T-0) Note: At OCONUS locations, consideration must be given to Status of

Forces Agreements, Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements and Bilateral

Infrastructure Agreements. (T-0)

9.4.8.8. Vehicle inspection points and suspect vehicle areas. (T-2)

9.4.8.9. Parking spots for aircraft loaded with munitions or explosives identified in DESR

6055.09_AFMAN 91-201. (T-2)

9.4.8.10. DEW operations, including potential electromagnetic radiation hazard zones,

and maintenance location hazard zones that could affect munitions operations. (T-2) After

100 percent evaluation, plot only those zones that actually impact munitions operations to

include primary and alternate explosive routes. (T-2) Identify hazardous DEW effects to

potential explosive sites, including ordnance and fuel. (T-2) The review must be

documented and maintained by Weapons Safety. (T-2) The reviews can be documented on

separate logs. *9.4.8.11. Explosives Ordnance Disposal range(s). (T-2)

9.4.8.12. Base weapons range(s). (T-2)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 109

9.4.8.13. Restrictive easement(s). (T-2)

9.4.9. With the assistance of Occupational Safety, assign RACs to weapons safety hazards

(T-2)

9.5. Weapons Safety Program Requirements. Units that maintain explosives must:

9.5.1. With the assistance of the installation CE and Safety offices, submit explosives site

plans in accordance with DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201. (T-0) The installation safety office

is the OPR for all explosives site plans and will maintain a current installation ESS dataset.

(T-2)

9.5.2. Request a license for facilities that store small quantities of explosives according to

DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201. (T-0)

9.5.3. Review and help develop plans and procedures for handling emergencies to include, but

not limited to, SAFE HAVEN, HAZMAT response, AFI 10-2501 or UFC 3-260-01, and when

required by law (e.g., Clean Air Act; Environmental Planning Community Right To Know

Act; secure explosives holding areas IAW the Defense Travel Regulation, Part II), or

accidental release RM programs for explosives. Note: At OCONUS locations, consideration

must be given to Status of Forces Agreements, Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements

and Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements. (T-2)

9.5.4. Ensure the Weapons Safety Manager attend pre-construction meetings hosted by the

Installation Community Planner and Airfield Manager. (T-2) Note: Weapons Safety Manager

must be a coordination member on any construction that affects explosives clear zones,

weapons or airfield operations. (T-2)

9.6. Missile Safety. Missile systems are ground-launched or air-launched and do not include

unpiloted drones or remotely piloted vehicles. The aerospace vehicle, ground support and

operational equipment, personnel, and the operational environment are all sources of mishaps.

Missile launch operations will comply with DoDD 3200.11, Major Range and Test Facility Base

(MRTFB), DoDI 3200.18, Management and Operation of the Major Range and Test Facility Base,

AFI 99-103, Capabilities-Based Test and Evaluation, and AFMAN 13-212V1, Range Planning

and Operations, safety requirements as described in Chapters 1 and 2, and will be conducted from

a MRTFB range. (T-1)

9.7. Nuclear Surety. The goal of the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Surety Program is to

incorporate maximum nuclear surety, consistent with operational requirements, from weapon

system development through dismantlement. Refer to AFI 91-101 for nuclear surety program

requirements, policies on nuclear safety design certification, and AFI 63-125, Nuclear

Certification Program, for the process for nuclear certification, to include design and operational

certification of nuclear weapon systems.

9.8. Unit Directed Energy Safety Program Functions. Directed Energy Safety program

requirements are broken down into two categories, weapons and non-weapon systems. Hazards

presented by a directed energy system are intrinsic properties of the system and not a function of

any distinction as a weapon system. However, there are different programmatic requirements

based upon a system's operational use.

9.8.1. For operational units with non-weapon directed energy systems, the unit will execute

occupational health and safety plans based upon the hazard(s) (e.g., laser and/or

110 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

electromagnetic frequency radiation) of the directed energy system IAW the installation Laser

Safety Officer, Installation Occupational and Environmental Medicine Consultant, BE, and/or

Public Health per AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation Protection, AFI 48-109,

Electromagnetic Field Radiation (EMFR) Occupational and Environmental Health Program,

and AFI 48-127, Occupational Noise and Hearing Conservation Program, respectively. (T-1)

9.8.2. For installations with directed energy weapons, base/wing Weapons Safety personnel

will review directed energy weapon safety programs at least annually for each type of directed

energy weapon system operated by the installation's units IAW this Instruction. (T-1)

9.8.3. In coordination with installation safety personnel, operational units will evaluate and

document unit radio frequency weapons, laser weapons and other directed energy systems for

operational compatibility with ordnance, electronics and fuel storage likely to be in the

operating and maintenance environment of the directed energy system in accordance with

DoDI 3222.03, DoD Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Program, DESR

6055.09_AFMAN 91-201 and this instruction. (T-0)

9.8.4. Spot inspection requirements for directed energy weapons will be developed and

documented in coordination with the USR and installation safety officer to work cooperatively

with other installation functions, including BE, Public Health, and installation Occupational

and Environmental Medicine Consultant. (T-1)

9.9. Munitions Rapid Response Team. Hill AFB’s Munitions Rapid Response Team is manned

with personnel knowledgeable in conventional munitions areas. This team is available to support

MAJCOMs and units whenever they have a conventional weapons mishap or problem. They can

be activated to respond within 24 to 48 hours. Refer to paragraph 13.5 for specific guidance.

9.10. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB). The DDESB is a joint board

of the DoD. It is subject to the direction, authority and control of the Secretary of Defense, under

the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environmental Security).

9.10.1. The board consists of a chairperson and an officer (O-6/GS-15 or above) from each of

the military departments. In addition, each military department must designate an alternate.

Within the Air Force, AF/SE provides the primary and alternate members.

9.10.2. The DDESB establishes DoD explosives safety policy and is responsible for the DoD

Explosives Safety Management Program (ESMP). DDESB conducts Component-level

programmatic evaluations according to DoDI 6055.16, Explosives Safety Management

Program, which requires the Secretaries of the Military Departments to establish, resource,

implement and maintain effective DoD Component-level ESMPs. Each year DDESB evaluates

one of the Military Departments ESMPs. This is a top to bottom review (HAF, MAJCOM,

NAF and installation) of the Services’ explosives safety program.

9.11. Weapons, Explosives and DEW Training.

9.11.1. The MAJCOM/FLDCOM/DRU/FOA weapons safety office must provide

MAJCOM/FLDCOM/Center- unique Weapons Safety Manager training to their NAF- and

installation-level weapons safety personnel. Training should include all MAJCOM/FLDCOM-

specific requirements and known challenges to increase effectiveness of newly assigned

personnel.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 111

9.11.2. The installation Weapons Safety Manager provides weapons safety training to all

appointed Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representatives on their responsibilities and

program management. (T-2)Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representatives are required to

be trained within 30 working days of appointment, with recurring training as determined by

the MAJCOM. Air Reserve Component primary and alternate Additional Duty Weapons

Safety Representative will complete initial training within two unit training assemblies of

appointment.

9.11.3. Weapons safety, Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representative or designated

representative conducts explosives safety training, which augments the job training provided

by the supervisor IAW paragraph 14.1 (T-2) The installation weapons safety staff evaluates

and monitors this training, approves lesson plans and reviews them annually. (T-2) All

personnel (supervisory and non-supervisory) who operate, handle, transport, maintain, load,

activate or dispose of missiles, explosives or nuclear weapons must receive initial explosives

safety training before performing any of these tasks. (T-2) All personnel tasked to work on

aircraft configured with explosives or ordnance will receive training that includes how to

identify an armed aircraft and a familiarization of the hazards involved when working on or

around explosives loaded aircraft. (T-2) Ensure initial explosives safety training is provided

before performing any of these tasks. (T-2) Recurring training must be provided not later than

the end of the 15

month following initial training. (T-2) Exception: Personnel who store

and/or handle only the following are exempt from initial and refresher explosives safety

training.

9.11.3.1. Small arms ammunition, including cartridge-actuated tools in hazard

class/division 1.4. This exception also includes the use of cartridge-actuated tools, blanks

and dye marking ammunition for training and weapons qualification.

9.11.3.2. Document destroyers.

9.11.3.3. Small tear gas items, such as grenades.

9.11.3.4. Aircraft, vehicle and facility fire extinguisher cartridges.

9.11.3.5. Other hazard class/division 1.4 items in their packaged configuration only.

Personnel who will unpack and handle unpackaged items other than the exceptions listed

above still require training.

9.11.4. Personnel conducting or directly supporting DEW operations, maintenance, testing or

training must receive training prior to use, within 30 days of assignment to unit, and every 24

months thereafter. (T-3)

9.11.5. Aircrew personnel trained per AFI 11-series (Flying Operations) guidance are exempt

from initial and refresher explosives safety training.

9.12. Weapons Safety Committees. These committees include the Explosives Safety

Committee, the Non-Nuclear Munitions Safety Board, the Nuclear Weapons System Safety Group

and the Directed Energy Weapons Safety Board. The committees are chaired by an AFSEC/SEW

representative and are composed of the chiefs of weapons safety or their MAJCOM-FLDCOM

representatives. These committees discuss matters of mutual concern that cross MAJCOM-

FLDCOM lines.

112 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 10

SPACE SAFETY

10.1. Program Management.

10.1.1. This chapter contains requirements for space safety offices at all command levels. This

includes USSF and Air Force organizations that develop, test or operate any space system, or

who provide launch/range services for space systems shall comply with this instruction. This

includes space systems under development, research and development systems, experimental

systems, systems undergoing testing, operational systems, systems at end-of-life, software

safety, system safety, integration, pre-launch, launch operations, range operations, space

nuclear systems, orbital operations, reentry operations and ground-based systems. This chapter

covers the entire segment of the Space mission (e.g., systems architecting and design,

manufacturing, launching and operations through disposal) under DAF control. Organizations

designing and operating DAF/Space Force hosted payloads on non-DAF/Space Force satellite

vehicles shall comply with this chapter for portions within their control. (T-3)

10.1.2. Units conducting space-related missions must have a comprehensive Space Safety

Program designed to improve operational effectiveness by identifying, managing and

mitigating hazards, reducing mishaps, supporting mission assurance and incorporating mishap

prevention guidance across the life cycle of space systems and their unique support equipment.

(T-1)

10.2. Space Safety Responsibilities. This section addresses the space safety responsibilities of

wing and directorate-level organizations within the Air Force and Space Force, and those of

mission partners outside of the Air Force. It also lays out responsibilities with regards to space

waivers.

10.2.1. Wing/Directorate-level Organization Responsibilities. Organizations that acquire,

maintain, upgrade, test, operate, and/or dispose of space systems shall coordinate with the

NAF/Center Safety Office to implement a Space Safety Program. (T-3) At a minimum, the

Wing/Directorate Safety Office shall:

10.2.1.1. Keep the Wing/Directorate Commander apprised of Space Safety issues. (T-3)

10.2.1.2. Ensure subordinate units execute Space Safety Programs, provide oversight to

local Space Safety Programs, and train to ensure compliance with formal guidance. (T-3)

10.2.1.3. Ensure each subordinate unit has at least one trained Space Safety Manager

appropriate to their mission. (T-3)

10.2.1.4. Manage, as applicable, the Launch/Range, Orbital, Ground-Based, or System

Safety Program for the commander/director. (T-3)

10.2.2. Waivers Responsibilities.

10.2.2.1. By 1 October each year provide AFSEC/SES with all MAJCOM-FLDCOM

Commander approved and active space waivers to this publication.

10.2.2.2. The wing/center COS and System Safety Manager shall review all space safety

waiver requests. (T-3)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 113

10.2.2.3. MAJCOM-FLDCOM’s subordinate units (e.g., wings, centers, NAFs) shall

provide the MAJCOM-FLDCOM/SE copies of all dispositioned space safety waivers.

(T-2)

10.2.2.4. MAJCOM-FLDCOM safety offices shall provide copies of all dispositioned

space safety waivers to other supporting or supported MAJCOM-FLDCOM’s safety

offices.

10.2.3. Mission Partner Responsibilities. All organizations with participation from external

mission partners with space safety considerations should establish MOAs or MOUs with those

organizations. Note: Consult with NAF safety staff and MAJCOM-FLDCOM/SE, as

appropriate.

10.2.3.1. Such MOAs and MOUs should consider the following:

10.2.3.1.1. Each organization’s responsibilities and requirements with regard to space

safety mishap prevention.

10.2.3.1.2. Understanding and implementation of space safety requirements and

policies of affected organizations.

10.2.3.1.3. Address which Space Safety policies apply to Air Force/Space Force

personnel assigned to non-Air Force organizations (e.g., National Reconnaissance

Office, FAA, NASA).

10.2.3.1.4. The participating organizations’ responsibilities to determine the lead

agency, with respect to risk management approval authority.

10.2.3.2. When external organizations share launch services on Air Force launches, MOAs

and MOUs with those organizations shall include responsibilities to provide a do-no-harm

and National Space Policy compliance certification from a proper the applicable U.S.

Government Department or Agency approval authority to include, but not limited to

compliance with U.S. National Space Policy. (T-2) The Air Force shall not launch any

space vehicle which has not been certified as compliant with the National Space Policy,

unless a waiver to the National Space Policy has been obtained. (T-0)

10.3. Space Safety Council (SSC). Assists the AF/SE or designated representative in providing

oversight responsibilities on matters concerning safe operations in the space environment (and

related mission areas) through effective governance and management. The SSC also serves to

improve space safety effectiveness and advocate for the consistent application of DoD, civil,

commercial, academic and international standards or practice across the space enterprise.

10.3.1. AFSEC/SES chairs the Space Safety Council. The Space Safety Council has a

composition of FLDCOMs/MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs/organizations with space missions that

affect Air Force/Space Force operations.

10.3.2. The Space Safety Council convenes at least twice per year, and:

10.3.2.1. Recommends DoD/Federal and Air Force/Space Force safety policy.

10.3.2.2. Prepares and monitors DoD/Federal and Air Force/Space Force directives and/or

instructions concerning Space Safety issues.

114 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

10.3.2.3. Promotes Space Safety initiatives for DoD/Federal space flight using Air

Force/Space Force resources.

10.3.2.4. Recommends, prepares, monitors, and promotes policies, directives, and/or

instructions for commercial Space Safety, especially those associated with Air Force/Space

Force resources.

10.3.2.5. Maximizes collaboration with organizational Space Safety Offices.

10.3.2.6. Discusses Space Safety issues.

10.4. Space Nuclear Safety. Programs that use radioactive material and nuclear power systems

in space shall follow AFMAN 91-110, Nuclear Safety Review and Launch Approval for Space or

Missile Use of Radioactive Material and Nuclear Systems, for safety requirements, review

processes, and approval processes. (T-1)

10.5. Ground Based Space System Safety.

10.5.1. Organizations which operate ground-based space systems, including unique space

support equipment as well as space-related systems that do not directly support launch

operations or on-orbit satellite operations shall establish a space safety program to address the

unique ground based space safety aspects of the organization’s mission. (T-1)

10.5.2. Radio Frequency Deconfliction. Organizations shall take special care not to produce

unintended effects during operations. (T-3)Refer to Space Instruction 534-15, Risk

Management and Radio Frequency Deconfliction for Space Control Activities, for further

information.

10.5.3. Testing. Organizations with ground based space systems which will undergo testing

shall have documented test program validation (to include procedures discipline, readiness

reviews, and test execution risk management) and configuration control processes. (T-3)

10.6. Pre-Launch. This section outlines safety responsibilities and tasks for pre-launch. Pre-

launch activities includes the design, development, and procurement acquisition stages and

processing of space systems at the launch site.

10.6.1. Safety Responsibilities.

10.6.1.1. Different aspects of pre-launch safety may be the responsibility of different

authorities. For example, the protection of a system’s equipment from hazards may be the

responsibility of the program office Director while the protection of the public from a space

program's ground and/or flight hazards may be the primary responsibility of the Wing

Commander.

10.6.1.2. The Wing Commander shall ensure range users comply with Air Force pre-

launch/range safety requirements levied upon them as a condition of Air Force range use.

(T-3)

10.6.1.3. The Wing Commander is responsible to ensure that pre-launch activities do not

unreasonably endanger the health and safety of the public, mission essential personnel, and

neighboring operations personnel, while providing for ground resource protection.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 115

10.6.1.4. Responsibilities for pre-launch safety for FAA-licensed operations from AF

ranges shall be established in agreements between commercial launch providers and the

AF. (T-3)

10.6.1.5. Safety responsibility for pre-launch site processing is normally the responsibility

of the program office PM or equivalent acquiring the system/services when occurring at a

location outside of the launch site. The launch wing safety office normally has safety

responsibility for pre-launch processing occurring on AF range property.

10.6.2. Pre-Launch Safety Activities.

10.6.2.1. Plan and execute the transportation of high-value and/or hazardous space

systems to minimize hazards posed to and by the space system IAW Department of

Transportation, state, local, and other applicable transportation requirements. (T-1) The

responsible program office PM shall develop and approve a transportation plan (or

equivalent document) for transportation from the factory to the operational site or range.

(T-3) The receiving Wing Commander and program office PM, if any, shall coordinate on

the plan. (T-3)

10.6.2.2. Appropriate Readiness Reviews shall occur before initiating final countdown so

that the wing commander has assurance of launch safety and the readiness of all personnel

and systems involved. (T-3)

10.7. Launch Safety.

10.7.1. This section outlines safety responsibilities and tasks for launch operations (to include

return of launch vehicle stages/components to the launch site or other site), and the reentry of

launch vehicle components. For on-orbit disposal safety responsibilities, requirements for

spacecraft or launch vehicle components that achieve or remain in orbit, see paragraph 10.8.

10.7.2. Safety Responsibilities.

10.7.2.1. The Wing Commander is responsible to ensure that launch activities do not

unreasonably endanger the health and safety of the public, launch area personnel, and other

mission support personnel, while providing for ground resource protection. This

responsibility for personnel and public safety extends from liftoff to orbital insertion, or

from liftoff to sub-orbital impact. It includes jettisoned launch vehicle components, debris

released prior to orbital insertion, and any controlled landing systems such as fly-back

stages and recovering space vehicles to a launch/landing site.

10.7.2.2. The Wing Commander shall ensure range users comply with Air Force

launch/range safety requirements levied upon them as a condition of Air Force range use.

(T-3)

10.7.2.3. The AF will accept FAA licensing decisions/approvals for commercially

licensed missions. The Secretary of Transportation has a statutory responsibility for all

aspects of launch safety as required by Title 51 U.S. Code, National and Commercial Space

Programs. This responsibility is executed through the FAA’s Office of Commercial Space

Transportation. Use established agreements for safety processes.

10.7.2.4. For all non-licensed launches and landings at Air Force ranges, including test

and evaluation and DoD/civil space missions, the Air Force has responsibility for ensuring

public health and safety and the protection of resources.

116 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

10.7.2.5. Use of Air Force safety standards or services is not required for FAA-licensed

launches. If FAA-licensed launch providers choose to use Air Force services they will

engage the owning wing through established processes.

10.7.3. Launch Mishap Prevention Program. The launch/recovery site commander shall

perform review, and approve all risk analyses associated with launch/landing on the range.

(T-3) The following outlines acceptable risk levels for hazards during the launch phase for

launch vehicles, jettisoned components, controlled landings to a launch and landing site, and

for suborbital missions.

10.7.3.1. Personnel Risk. The risk to the general public, launch essential personnel, and

neighboring operations personnel shall use criteria thresholds listed in Range Commanders

Council (RCC) 321, Common Risk Criteria Standards for National Test Ranges. (T-3)

10.7.3.2. Critical Asset Risk. The probability of impact to critical assets shall not exceed

1 × 10

-3

. (T-3) More stringent criteria may be applied as deemed necessary by the Wing

Commander to protect assets critical to national security.

10.7.3.3. Launch Collision Avoidance (COLA) and Launch Conjunction Assessment

(CA). Non-FAA licensed launches from Air Force ranges and all Air Force controlled

launches from any range shall accomplish Launch COLA procedures accounting for all

launched objects (e.g., booster segments, payloads, jettisoned components, and debris)

with an altitude capability equal to or greater than 150 km. (T-3)

10.7.3.3.1. Launch operators/range users shall provide the launch wings and the 18th

Space Control Squadron with planned flight profile data for all space launch vehicle

and jettisoned components (to include upper stages pre-programmed for a controlled

reentry, up until atmospheric reentry). (T-3) This data shall be provided to the 18th

Space Control Squadron IAW the timelines referenced on https://www.space-

track.org/auth/login website and the 18SPC Launch Conjunction Assessment Request

Form 22. (T-3)

10.7.3.3.2. Wing Commanders shall establish and enforce launch window hold

periods, based on the Launch conjunction assessments computed by the 18th Space

Control Squadron against catalogued objects. (T-3)For Air Force launches from non-

Air Force ranges, the senior Air Force representative involved with the launch assumes

responsibility of Launch COLA risk management.

10.7.3.3.3. Timeframe. Launch COLA shall cover the period of time from when

launched objects achieve an altitude equal to or greater than 150 km, until location

uncertainty makes performing a pre-launch safety COLA infeasible, or until the

suborbital or reentry components descend to less than 150 km. (T-3) The propagation

of uncertainties in precise launch time, variability of delta V magnitude and direction,

and growth rate should be considered in determining when Launch COLA becomes

infeasible.

10.7.3.3.4. There is currently a gap between the end of the Launch COLA and the time

when 18th Space Control Squadron can establish, or receive from a payload operator,

reliable orbital data on launched objects, plus the time when an active asset can respond

to an 18th Space Control Squadron conjunction assessment. This is known as the

“COLA gap.” For missions where a pre-programmed controlled reentry occurs, any

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 117

portion of the mission after the end of the launch COLA is contained in the COLA gap.

Programs should use industry best practices to mitigate the COLA gap risk to Human

Space Flight objects. Examples of these practices are but not limited to, nodal

separation and in-track screening, probability density model, and radial and argument

of latitude screening.

10.7.3.3.5. Launch window hold periods. Determine the launch window hold periods

based on one or a combination of the following methodologies and criteria:

10.7.3.3.5.1. The probability of collision between the launch components and a

Human Spaceflight objects shall not exceed 1 × 10

-6

(one in one million). The

probability of collision between the launch components and Non-Human

Spaceflight objects (to include active satellites and orbital debris) shall not exceed

10 × 10

-6

(ten in one million). (T-3)

10.7.3.3.5.2. The safe separation distance for Human Space Flight objects shall

consist of either ellipsoidal miss distance volumes with semi-axes of 200 km in-

track, 100 km cross-track, or 100 km radial; or spherical volumes with a radius of

200 km. (T-3) The safe separation distance for non-Human Space Flight objects

shall consist of three-sigma ellipsoidal miss distance volumes calculated from the

covariance data. Where the covariance data are not available, utilize a spherical

miss distance volume with a radius of 25 km for active satellites and 2.5 km for

debris. (T-3)

10.7.3.3.6. Timeline. CA results for launch decision shall be computed no more than

24 hours prior to the end of the launch window. This requirement does not preclude

early launch screenings, nor screenings within 24 hours when updates are warranted to

account for significant updates to tracking or trajectory data. (T-3)

10.7.3.3.7. Control of Errant or Non-Nominal Vehicle Flight. The Wing Commander

shall approve the methodology for controlling erratic vehicle flight while managing

risks to the public and foreign countries for all vehicles launched from or onto Air Force

ranges. (T-3)

10.7.3.3.8. The range shall coordinate with the FAA to ensure timely notification of

any expected air traffic hazard associated with range activities. (T-3) To prevent

increased risk to public safety in the event of a mishap, the range shall immediately

inform the FAA of the affected airspace (impact on volume/duration). (T-3) Similarly,

the range shall coordinate with the US Coast Guard to ensure timely notification of

potentially hazarded ship traffic and in the event of mishap, inform the US Coast Guard

of the affected sea area and duration of navigable waters. (T-3)

10.7.4. Space Debris. All launch vehicles (or components) shall be managed (mitigate and

control) for potential space debris generation. (T-0) For the launch vehicle, debris mitigation

practices shall be incorporated throughout system development, operations and end of life.

(T-0)The launch vehicle shall be assessed for compliance with the National Space Policy,

DoDI 3100.12, Space Support, and this instruction for generation of space debris during all

mission phases. (T-0)

10.7.4.1. For launch vehicles, Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices requirements

shall be addressed as part of the Mission Architecture Options determination during

118 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Material Solutions Analysis phase of DoDI 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition

System, or equivalent phase for non-DoD 5000.02 activities, documented in the Analysis

of Alternatives report, or equivalent, and included as a compliance document in the

development of the program/project statement of work for release of the request for

proposal. (T-1)

10.7.4.2. Space systems not meeting the National Space Policy will follow the AF/A3

Exception to Policy process for a Secretary of Defense waiver. Accepted operational or

acquisition safety risk assessments shall be included in the Exception to Policy package.

(T-1) Risk acceptance assessments should be completed as early as possible based on

determining a hazard exists, and prior to seeking approval with Exception to Policy

packages.

10.7.5. Launch Vehicle End of Life Requirements.

10.7.5.1. Any launch vehicle component that achieves orbit will undergo passivation and

disposal procedures as outlined in paragraph 10.8. (T-1)

10.7.5.2. Reentry hazards posed by expended launch vehicles or other jettisoned

components that achieve orbit shall be in the analysis and risk budgets of the disposal and

end of life phase. (T-3) Refer to DoDI 3100.12 for additional guidance.

10.7.5.3. For reentries of launch vehicle objects or recovery of objects jettisoned during

ascent, the acquisition organization shall develop disposal recovery plans which include

adequate steps to mitigate known hazards during recovery operations. (T-3)

10.8. Orbital Safety.

10.8.1. Scope and responsibility.

10.8.1.1. All organizations with Satellite Control Authority or that test or operate any

space system (including satellites, payloads, and experimental systems) designed to

complete one or more revolutions in Earth orbit, shall establish an Orbital Safety Program

appropriate to the level of effort commensurate with organizational scope of operations.

(T-2) The Orbital Safety Program shall span the on-orbit testing, operations and end-of-

life actions. (T-2)

10.8.1.2. Units shall appoint Space Safety Managers for each Space Safety Program to

manage the Satellite Control Authority’s Orbital Safety Program. (T-3) Space Safety

Managers shall:

10.8.1.2.1. Participate in all Operations Review Panel (ORP), Operational Review

Board (ORB), Satellite Anomaly Resolution Team (SART) and similar or equivalent

processes to observe trends and provide input on Space Safety related issues. (T-3)

10.8.1.2.2. Obtain and review ORP/ORB/SART minutes and information on orbital

anomalies and events of significance to their program office and MAJCOM-FLDCOM

safety office for the purpose of trend tracking mishap prevention, and reporting. (T-3)

If this information is classified, report and handle via appropriate classified channels.

10.8.1.2.3. Verify that routine, contingency, test, operations, experimental, and any

other applicable procedures take no unnecessary risk, consistent with cost effectiveness

and mission requirements. (T-3)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 119

10.8.1.2.4. Participate in both routine operations and spacecraft anomaly recovery

actions in order to gain experience and help prevent future anomalies. (T-3)

10.8.1.2.5. Tailor local Space Safety training for operations and operational test

personnel for greater applicability to the assigned mission and conditions. (T-3)

10.8.1.2.6. Assist operations/operational test personnel in complying with Space

Safety guidelines. (T-3)

10.8.1.2.7. Advise the unit commander on risks to the mission by monitoring things

such as crew rest, training, system modifications, and any other aspect of operations.

(T-3)

10.8.1.2.8. Participate in Systems Safety Working Groups to voice operations

concerns relative to systems design decisions. (T-3)

10.8.1.2.9. Report safety related issues to the wing safety office. (T-1)

10.8.2. Orbital Anomaly Response

10.8.2.1. To ensure proactive mishap prevention, organizations shall notify their Space

Safety Manager of all anomalies. (T-3)

10.8.2.2. Refer to AFI 91-204 and AFMAN 91-222, Space Safety Investigations and

Reports, for specific anomaly reporting criteria.

10.8.2.3. Unit commanders shall ensure Space Safety Managers are full members on all

Anomaly Resolution Teams, Engineering Review Boards, Operational Review Boards,

and/or similar constructs, and shall receive invitation to participate in all supporting events.

(T-3)

10.8.2.4. Reporting. Organizations shall process the relevant findings and

recommendations from anomaly resolutions through safety channels, in addition to normal

reporting channels, to ensure proactive mishap prevention. (T-2)

10.8.3. Space Debris.

10.8.3.1. All spacecraft and launch vehicles (or components) that expect to achieve orbit

shall be managed (mitigate and control) for potential space debris generation. (T-0) For

spacecraft and launch vehicle, debris mitigation practices shall be incorporated throughout

system development, operations, and end of life. (T-0) The spacecraft and launch vehicles

shall be assessed for compliance with the US National Space Policy, DoDI 3100.12 and

this instruction for generation of space debris during all mission phases. (T-0)

10.8.3.1.1. For spacecraft and launch vehicles, Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard

Practices requirements shall be addressed as part of the Mission Architecture Options

determination during Material Solutions Analysis phase of DoDI 5000.02, or

equivalent phase for non-DoD 5000.02 activities, documented in the Analysis of

Alternatives report, or equivalent, and included as a compliance document in the

development of the program/project statement of work for release of the request for

proposal. (T-3)

10.8.3.1.2. Spacecraft and launch vehicles not meeting Orbital Debris Mitigation

Standard Practices will follow the AF/A3 Exception to Policy process for a Secretary

120 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

of Defense exception. Safety risk assessments related to the noncompliance shall be

included in the Exception to Policy package. (T-1) Risk acceptance assessments should

be completed as early as possible based on determining a hazard exists, and prior to

seeking approval with Exception to Policy packages.

10.8.3.2. Space Debris Assessment Report.

10.8.3.2.1. For all Air Force/Space Force owned objects launched into space, the

launch vehicle PM and the spacecraft PM shall prepare and deliver applicable space

debris assessments, per the format and content defined in paragraph 13.11., Launch

Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report (SDAR), and paragraph 13.2., Combined

Space Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report/End of Life Plan (SDAR/EOLP). (T-2)

Air Force/Space Force owned hosted payloads are not required to develop a Space

Debris Assessment Report, unless specifically required by the hosting spacecraft.

10.8.3.2.2. The Launch Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report (paragraph 13.11)

shall address space debris associated with the launch vehicle. (T-2)

10.8.3.2.3. Spacecraft PMs shall combine the Spacecraft Space Debris Assessment

Report with the Spacecraft End of Life Plan and deliver this per the format and content

defined in paragraph 13.12. (T-2)

10.8.3.2.4. The Space Debris Assessment Report shall include an assessment of debris

generation risk during launch, on-orbit operations, and end of life disposal, and assess

compliance with the Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices. (T-2)

10.8.3.2.5. The space debris assessment shall specifically note requirements not met

because of an overriding conflict with mission requirements or a prohibitive cost

impact, along with the appropriate rationale and justification. (T-2)

10.8.3.3. Assessment of Debris Released During Normal Operations.

10.8.3.3.1. Operational or mission-related debris includes debris released during

normal space operations (e.g., sensor covers, tie-down straps, explosive bolt

fragments). It does not include slag ejected during the burning of a solid rocket motor

or liquids dispersed from a spacecraft.

10.8.3.3.2. Total object-time of debris in Low Earth Orbit. For missions leaving debris

in orbits passing through Low Earth Orbit, the total object-time of debris larger than

five millimeters (5mm) in any dimension will not exceed 25 years per object and 100

object-years per mission. (T-0) The object-time of debris is calculated as the sum of

time spent in Low Earth Orbit for all mission debris objects (below 2000 km altitude).

(T-3) Refer to NASA-STD-8719.14C, Process for Limiting Orbital Debris, for

calculation of total object time.

10.8.3.4. Assessment of Debris Generated by Accidental Explosions.

10.8.3.4.1. The program office PM for each spacecraft or launch vehicle must

demonstrate via failure mode and effects analyses (or equivalent) that the integrated

probability of explosion for all failure modes (excluding collisions) is less than 1x10-3

(one in one thousand). (T-0)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 121

10.8.3.4.2. The probability shall be met for all separate spacecraft and launch vehicle

orbital stages during all phases of operations, and during the remaining orbital lifetime

after disposal. (T-3)

10.8.3.4.3. The maximum time period for the assessment of this probability of

explosion is 100 years. Reference NASA-STD-8719.14B.

10.8.3.5. Assessment of Debris Generated by Intentional Breakups.

10.8.3.5.1. Program offices and/or operators shall assess and limit the effect of

intentional breakups of spacecraft and launch vehicle orbital stages on other users of

space. (T-2)

10.8.3.5.2. Planned explosions or intentional collisions shall occur at altitudes such

that, for orbital debris fragments larger than 10 cm, the object time does not exceed 100

object years. (T-1) No debris larger than 1 mm shall remain in Earth orbit longer than

one year. Reference NASA-STD-8719.14B. (T-1)

10.8.3.5.3. Immediately before a planned explosion or intentional collision, the

probability of related debris larger than 1 mm colliding with any active spacecraft

within 24 hours of the breakup shall not exceed 1x10-6 (one in one million). Reference

NASA-STD-8719.14B. (T-1)

10.8.3.6. Assessment of Debris Generated by On-orbit Collisions.

10.8.3.6.1. Collisions with Large Objects.

10.8.3.6.1.1. Program office PMs must demonstrate that, during the orbital lifetime

of each spacecraft or launch vehicle component, the probability of accidental

collision with space objects larger than 10 cm in diameter does not exceed 1 x 10-

3 (one in one thousand). (T-0) For the assessment of collision probability, the

orbital lifetime is defined as the time from end of launch collision avoidance to

atmospheric reentry. The maximum time-period for assessment is 100 years.

10.8.3.6.1.2. The reduction in probability of collision achieved by on-orbit

collision avoidance performed by the spacecraft or launch vehicle component (i.e.,

for the system which the Space Debris Assessment Report is assessing) may be

included in this assessment. When this reduction in probability is utilized, then the

safety hazard risk assessment is based upon this reduction of probability.

10.8.3.6.2. Collisions with Small Objects. Program office PMs must demonstrate that,

during the mission of the space system, spacecraft design will limit the probability to

less than 0.01 (1 in 100) that collisions with micrometeoroids and orbital debris smaller

than 1 cm will cause damage that prevents planned post-mission disposal. (T-0) Refer

to NASA-STD-8719.14C for additional guidance.

10.8.4. Conjunction Assessment and Collision Avoidance.

10.8.4.1. The wing commander shall have and approve a conjunction assessment/collision

avoidance process commensurate with the scope and effort of the operational mission.

(T- 3) The program begins following separation of the last launch vehicle component and

shall continue through decommissioning, end-of-life disposal, or reentry. (T-3)

122 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

10.8.4.2. Orbital objects which are cataloged by the 18th Space Control Squadron but are

not expected to remain on orbit long enough for orbital CA processes to be reliable (e.g.,

upper stages with pre-programmed reentry burns), should follow paragraph 10.7.3.3

(Launch COLA processes).

10.8.4.3. All Air Force launch and orbital space systems shall use 18

Space Control

Squadron-generated CA data to inform safety COLA risk decisions. (T-3)

10.8.4.4. Organization with Satellite Control Authority of active on orbit spacecraft shall:

10.8.4.4.1. Have a process to receive conjunction assessment results at least every 24

hours. (T-3)

10.8.4.4.2. For orbital vehicles capable of controlling or altering their orbital

parameters, the following collision risk levels and collision risk acceptance thresholds

apply.

10.8.4.4.2.1. The probability of collision at any individual conjunction with a

Human Spaceflight object shall not exceed 1 × 10-6 (one in one million). (T-3)

10.8.4.4.2.2. The probability of collision at any individual conjunction with other

active Non-Human Spaceflight satellites shall not exceed 10 × 10-6 (ten in one

million). (T-3)

10.8.4.4.2.3. The approved COLA process shall identify collision risk levels and

collision risk acceptance thresholds for all other objects. (T-3)

10.8.4.5. Conduct collision avoidance to pre-screen planned maneuver vectors, to include

operational, end of life, and controlled reentry burns. (T-3)

10.8.4.6. Proximity Operations.

10.8.4.6.1. Organizations executing proximity operations shall develop procedures to

avoid unintended spacecraft-to-spacecraft contact (e.g., planning an orbit with a non-

intersecting natural motion circumnavigation), unnecessary debris generation, or

contamination of sensitive equipment, e.g., from spacecraft thruster firings, other off-

gassing. (T-3)

10.8.4.6.2. Organizations shall notify 18

Space Control Squadron of their close

proximity operations and any special support requirements. (T-3)

10.8.4.6.3. The approved COLA process shall identify collision risk levels and

collision risk acceptance thresholds for all other objects. (T-3)

10.8.5. End-of-Life Actions.

10.8.5.1. All spacecraft and orbital launch vehicle components shall undergo passivation

and disposal at End of Life. (T-0)

10.8.5.2. End of Life passivation and disposal shall comply with the National Space Policy

and Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices. (T-0)

10.8.5.3. Spacecraft End of Life Plan. All test, experimental, or operational orbital space

systems shall develop End of Life Plans. (T-2)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 123

10.8.5.3.1. Spacecraft PMs shall prepare, update, and deliver a pre-launch combined

Space Debris Assessment Report and End of Life Plan to the operator(s) using a format

and content outlined in paragraph 13.12 for the configuration of the space vehicle

anticipated at end of life. (T-2)

10.8.5.3.2. Launch vehicle PMs shall ensure the launch vehicle Space Debris

Assessment Report contains any orbital launch vehicle component End of Life Plan

information. (T-2)

10.8.5.3.3. All organizations with satellite control authority shall update the end of life

plan throughout orbital operations IAW paragraph 13.12. (T-2)

10.8.5.4. Reliability of post-mission end of life operations.

10.8.5.4.1. The probability of successful disposal will be no less than 0.90 at end of

life for reentry within 25 years, orbital storage disposal, or for direct retrieval. (T-0)

10.8.5.4.2. This calculation builds from an initial pre-launch assessment of the ability

to execute end of life actions and shall undergo re-assessment during the orbital

operations phase as needed to address degrading health of spacecraft systems and

increasing uncertainty in knowledge of remaining propellant. (T-3)

10.8.5.5. Disposal. Organizations with Satellite Control Authority will dispose of orbital

objects via atmospheric reentry within as short a time as practicable, but no more than 25

years, orbital storage disposal or direct retrieval. (T-0)

10.8.5.5.1. The preferred disposal option is atmospheric reentry.

10.8.5.5.2. For uncontrolled and controlled atmospheric reentry, the hazard threshold

for kinetic energy of individual surviving inert debris objects shall be 15 Joules. Debris

objects with kinetic energy less than this hazard threshold do not contribute to casualty

expectation. Refer to NASA-STD-8719B for additional guidance.

10.8.5.5.3. Direct retrieval strategies shall comply with all disposal requirements in

this instruction. (T-1)

10.8.5.5.4. To ensure that all disposal orbit parameters are met, the final disposal

operation shall account for any induced ΔV due to depletion burns/venting. (T-3)

10.8.5.6. Passivation.

10.8.5.6.1. During space system design and development, the PM shall identify

sources or potential sources of stored energy and develop a plan for depleting or safing

all these sources at end of life. (T-2) The PM shall include a description of the

passivation procedure in the Space Debris Assessment Report, and if applicable, the

End of Life Plan. (T-2) This description shall also provide a notional timeline of when

the procedures will take place. (T-2)

10.8.5.6.2. Sealed heat pipes and passive nutation dampers need not undergo

depressurization at end of life.

10.8.5.6.3. Batteries.

10.8.5.6.3.1. Battery charging lines shall undergo de-activation. (T-3) If this is

impractical, the batteries shall be left with a permanent electrical drain to prevent

124 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

recharging. (T-3)

10.8.5.6.3.2. If possible, pressurized batteries shall undergo depressurization at

end of life. (T-3)

10.8.5.6.3.3. Structurally, a two-fault tolerant battery casing design is preferred.

10.8.5.6.4. Self-destruct systems shall be incorporate designs to prevent unintentional

destruction due to inadvertent commands, thermal heating, radio frequency

interference, and/or internal hazards such as software and hardware faults. (T-1)

10.8.6. Orbital Reentry and Recovery.

10.8.6.1. For recovery of orbital vehicles, the operator and landing/recovery site

commander or equivalent is responsible for all mission segments under their control. This

includes reentry risks to the general public, landing recovery area personnel, other mission

support personnel, and site facilities. Reentry safety begins with the final commitment to

re-enter the atmosphere (i.e., the final command that initiates or enables the entry and

landing sequence) and ends when all components associated with the reentry come to rest

on the Earth and safing actions are complete.

10.8.6.2. Reentry/Recovery of Spacecraft. The landing/recovery site commander shall

perform, review, and approve all risk analyses associated with each reentry event onto the

range. (T-3) The following outline acceptable risk levels for hazards associated with

reentry/recovery from orbit at ranges.

10.8.6.2.1. Personnel Risk. The risk to the general public, launch essential personnel,

and neighboring operations personnel shall use criteria thresholds listed in Range

Commanders Council (RCC) 321, Common Risk Criteria Standards for National Test

Ranges. (T-3)

10.8.6.2.2. CriticalAssetRisk.Theprobabilityofimpacttocriticalassetslistedbelow

applies to all launches. The risk to critical assets shall not exceed 1 × 10-3. More

stringent criteria may be applied as deemed necessary by the Wing Commander to

protect assets critical to national security. (T-3)

10.8.6.2.3. Control of Errant or Non-nominal Vehicle Flight. The Wing Commander

shall approve the methodology for controlling erratic vehicle flight while managing

risks to the public and foreign countries for all vehicles returning to ranges. (T-3)

10.8.6.2.4. The reentry/recovery site commander or equivalent has the authority to

approve or deny the initiation of de-orbit. This includes the planned nominal and

contingency sites.

10.8.6.3. The Wing Commander who has the last opportunity to control the reentry phase

of flight shall implement the CA/COLA process for the reentry phase of flight IAW

existing local CA processes for orbital operations until the reentry vehicle descends to less

than 150 km or where location uncertainty makes performing a safety COLA infeasible,

whichever occurs first. (T-3) The Wing Commander shall implement reentry holds to

prevent collisions with any cataloged orbiting objects. (T-3)

10.8.6.4. It is United States policy to recover identifiable debris when it lands in foreign

territory or the United States. Typically, the applicable acquisition organization is

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 125

responsible for Air Force owned objects/assets and shall determine recovery requirements.

(T-3) Develop written recovery procedures that include notification to HQ Air Force, DoD,

the State Department and other appropriate organizations through the MAJCOM-

FLDCOM Headquarters when recovery is an option in foreign territory. Recovery

procedures shall include provisions for safing the objects in the event hazards remain after

landing or impact. (T-3)

10.8.6.5. Prior to launch, the launching agency shall provide the appropriate land and

recovery site with anomaly/contingency response plans, as well as debris and object

recovery plans. (T-3)

126 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 11

SYSTEM SAFETY & SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENTS

11.1. Overview. This chapter establishes policy requirements for Safety personnel in support of

System Safety. System Safety is the application of engineering and management principles, criteria

and techniques to achieve acceptable risk within the constraints of operational effectiveness and

suitability, time and cost throughout all phases of the system life cycle. This chapter also defines

how Safety personnel and organizations interact, influence and advise the other Air Force

communities that are corporately responsible for System Safety in the Air Force. System

acquisition and sustainment programs are subject to the mandatory policy and guidance described

in paragraph 11.1.3. System safety principles are used to manage safety risks across many

functional disciplines within the AF and form the basis for risk management.

11.1.1. System Safety must be a planned, integrated, comprehensive effort employing both

engineering and management resources. Effective System Safety efforts depend on clearly

defined safety objectives and system performance requirements. System Safety objectives

shall include, but not be limited to, prevention or mitigation of all reportable mishaps that may

be associated with a system’s use and function throughout its life cycle. Losses of systems,

mission degradation, cost and schedule impacts shall be considered. The intent is not to

duplicate work performed by related or other functional disciplines, but to ensure it is done in

a systematic manner that addresses and manages mishap risk.

11.1.2. IAW MIL-STD-882E, DoD Standard Practice for System Safety, System Safety

efforts consist of eight essential elements that PMs will document and periodically review:

11.1.2.1. Documenting the system safety approach. (T-1)

11.1.2.2. Hazard identification and analysis over the system life cycle. (T-1)

11.1.2.3. Assessment of risk, expressed as severity and probability of consequences. (T-1)

11.1.2.4. Identification and assessment of potential risk mitigation measures. (T-1)

11.1.2.5. Implementation of measures to reduce risks to acceptable levels. (T-1)

11.1.2.6. Verification of risk reduction. (T-1)

11.1.2.7. Acceptance of risks by appropriate authorities. (T-1)

11.1.2.8. Tracking of hazards and risks throughout the system life cycle. (T-1)

11.1.3. Acquisition and sustainment communities implement system safety as an integral part

of a Program Office's systems engineering activity as outlined in AFI 63-101/20-101,

Integrated Life Cycle Management.

11.1.4. PMs organize their offices, based on system acquisition program size and complexity,

to execute the system safety requirements elaborated by the DoD and Air Force in DoDI

5000.02, AFI 63-101/20-101 and MIL- STD-882E. Acquisition and Sustainment Program

Managers integrate system safety into their program’s overall Systems Engineering effort at

the same level where day-to-day engineering decisions are made. This allows System Safety

professionals to most effectively influence system design.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 127

11.1.5. Within the System Safety Program, acquisition and sustainment programs must

document and periodically review:

11.1.5.1. System Hazard Tracking Logs. (T-1) These logs shall communicate sufficient

information to identify and track the status of each hazard. (T-1) To ensure appropriate

management attention, the status of hazards is required to be presented at program and

technical reviews. The System Safety effort supports program and technical reviews with

current information of all hazards. Hazard tracking logs shall contain the minimum fields

required by MIL-STD-882E. (T-0)

11.1.5.2. System Safety Risk Decisions:

11.1.5.2.1. Risk Mitigation. Programs shall use the system safety design order of

precedence defined in MIL-STD-882E. (T-1)

11.1.5.2.2. Risk Acceptance. (T-1)Every hazard that cannot be eliminated must be

mitigated to an acceptable level and formally accepted by the appropriate level of

leadership as specified in DoDI 5000.02 and AFI 63-101/20-101. (T-1)

11.2. System Safety Applied to Acquisition Activities.

11.2.1. CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM Structured Programs. System Safety Programs based on a

governing CAE-PEO (Technology Executive Officer [TEO])-PM structure. Such programs

include ACAT, Business Acquisition Category (BCAT), Joint Urgent Operational Need

(JUON), Urgent Operational Need (UON) programs as defined in AFI 63-101/20-101. The

System Safety Risk Acceptance Authorities are the CAE; within the Air Force, the Service

Acquisition Executive (SAE); SAF/AQ for High System Safety risks; the PEO(TEO) for

Serious System Safety risks; and the PM for Medium and Low System Safety risks. These

authorities may not be delegated.

11.2.2. Middle Tiered Acquisition. The below guidance is applicable to those acquisition

activities following the rapid acquisition processes and/or being conducted at one of the Air

Force’s Rapid Capability Offices.

11.2.2.1. The Decision Authority is the acceptance authority for High system risks, and

the Program Manager (PM) is the acceptance authority for Serious, Medium and Low

system risks.

11.2.2.2. All Middle Tiered Acquisition activities, to include rapid prototyping,

procurement, and fielding activities, shall have a system safety program as defined in MIL-

STD-882E paragraphs 3 and 4, as a minimum. (T-3)

11.2.2.3. Programs shall document their risk management process within their Systems

Engineering Plan. (T-1) If a Systems Engineering Plan is not being used for the program,

then programs shall document their risk management process within their PESHE. (T-1)It

is recommended to follow MIL-STD-882E for this process.

11.2.2.4. Programs shall appoint an appropriately trained system safety manager to

facilitate system safety matters. (T-3) Appropriate training is considered completion of a

formal System Safety training course.

11.2.2.5. Programs shall maintain a hazard tracking system for all program related system

safety risks. (T-1) It is recommended to follow MIL-STD-882E for this process.

128 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

11.2.2.6. Programs are recommended to conduct System Safety Groups IAW paragraph

11.4. System Safety Group membership should consist of the program manager, chief

engineer, user representative, operational test representative, AF Safety Center

representative, and, if applicable, the acquisition command representative.

11.2.3. System Safety Programs Not Adhering to a PEO(TEO) Structure. Other than CAE-

PEO(TEO)-PM structured programs: The System Safety Risk Acceptance Authorities are the

AFMC/CC or AFSPC/CC as applicable for high System Safety risks; the Center/CC for

Serious System Safety risks; and the PM for Medium and Low System Safety risks. These

authorities may not be delegated.

11.2.4. System risks identified through the independent airworthiness process in DAFI 62-

601, Airworthiness, will follow the risk acceptance authorities based on CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM

structure, or other than CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM structure identified above.

11.3. System Safety Risk Acceptance Process.

11.3.1. For hazards determined to have a High or Serious level of System Safety risk,

programs shall prepare a System Safety Risk Assessment IAW paragraph 13.9.

11.3.2. Designated System Safety Risk Acceptance Authorities must formally accept System

Safety risks prior to exposing people, equipment, or the environment to known system-related

hazards at any point in the system’s life cycle.

11.3.3. System safety risk acceptance packages are only necessary for those risks that are

inside the design/specification/requirement envelope. Those outside the envelope are handled

by the user’s/operator’s risk management process using standard operational risk management

and acceptance practices described in AFI 90-802 and DAFPAM 90-803.

11.3.4. High System Safety Risk Acceptance.

11.3.4.1. CAE-PEO (TEO)-PM Structured Programs. High System Safety risk

assessments must be coordinated with lead Acquisition MAJCOM/FLDCOM/CC/SE,

Center/CC/SE (Air Force Life Cycle Management Center Commander [AFLCMC/CC]),

Lead OTA/SE or AFLCMC Engineering Office (AFLCMC/EN/EZ) for non-space

technical accuracy, lead MAJCOM/FLDCOM/CC or CD, PEO and AF/SE before

submission for acceptance by the CAE. (T-1)

11.3.4.2. Other than CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM structured programs: High System Safety risk

assessments shall be coordinated with lead Acquisition MAJCOM, FLDCOM, Center/SE

(for non- space programs), AFLCMC/EN (for non-space technical review), the lead

MAJCOM-FLDCOM/CC (delegable to CV, CD or SE), Center CC, and AF/SE before

submission for acceptance by AFMC/CC or SSC/CC as applicable.

11.3.5. Serious System Safety Risk Acceptance.

11.3.5.1. CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM Structured Programs. Serious System Safety risk

assessments must be coordinated with lead Acquisition MAJCOM/FLDCOM/SE,

Center/SE, Lead OTA/SE or AFLCMC/EN/EZ for non-space technical accuracy review,

lead MAJCOM/FLDCOM/A3/A4/SE and HQ AFSEC before submission for acceptance

by the PEO. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 129

11.3.5.2. Other than CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM structured programs: Serious System Safety

risk assessments shall be coordinated with lead Acquisition MAJCOM, center/SE (for non-

space programs), AFLCMC/EN (for non-technical review), the lead MAJCOM/A3/A4/SE

and AFSEC before submission for acceptance by the Center/CC. (T-1)

11.3.6. CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM and Other than CAE-PEO(TEO)-PM structured programs:

Medium and Low System Safety risks are accepted by the Program/Project Manager.

11.3.7. High and Serious System Safety Risk Reacceptance: High and Serious System Safety

risk assessments/acceptances are valid for four years at which time they must be re-

accomplished. (T-1)

11.3.7.1. Re-accomplish means update the System Safety risk assessment using the latest

information, re-coordinate it and reaccept the System Safety risk as if it were being

addressed for the first time. (T-1)

11.3.7.2. When the High or Serious System Safety risk acceptance authority is replaced,

the new System Safety risk acceptance authority must be notified on the prior

assessment/acceptance within 60 working days. (T-1)

11.3.7.3. This action does not restart or extend the duration of acceptance or the four-year

validation period.

11.3.7.4. When High and Serious System Safety risks are downgraded, a new risk

assessment shall be prepared IAW paragraph 13.9, coordinated with the offices required

for the original level of risk and approved by the original System Safety risk acceptance

authority.

11.4. System Safety Groups (SSG). SSGs are the organized committee of system safety

stakeholders that augment/assist the program office system safety function. In addition to the day-

to-day systems engineering and system safety activities, program offices should use SSGs to

collect and cross feed user inputs/insights into the program’s System Safety efforts and to provide

all a view of all safety issues currently in work. SSG members are detailed in paragraph 11.4.3.1.

11.4.1. All Acquisition Category I (ACAT I) aircraft, weapons and space programs on the

Acquisition Master List (AML) are required to conduct SSGs. Programs for subordinate

systems used on aircraft or space systems shall address system safety issues within the SSG

associated with the aircraft or space systems in which they are to be integrated, and are not

required to have their own, separate SSGs. (T-1) Separate SSGs are not typically required for

programs covered under AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board, or AFI 91-

401Directed Energy Weapon Safety. SSGs are optional for all other programs not previously

addressed. AFSEC will maintain a list of aircraft and space programs that conduct SSGs. (T-1)

11.4.2. The program manager, deputy program manager or chief engineer chairs the SSG.

SSG meetings are held at least annually as scheduled by the chair. In addition, any member of

the SSG may request the chair call a meeting. The SSG Chair with concurrence of the PEO

can postpone the SSG, but the SSG Chair must report on status of all safety

modifications/Engineering Change Proposals (ECPs)/Time Compliance Technical Orders

(TCTOs), open SSG action items, and High and Serious risks to the SSG Members with the

postponement notice. The next SSG cannot be more than 24 months after the last SSG. Each

SSG meeting will address the following as appropriate:

130 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

11.4.2.1. Program status. (T-1)

11.4.2.2. Fleet safety assessment. (T-1)

11.4.2.3. Analyses of major safety design trade-offs and modifications. Analysis will

include risk hazard indices, proposed corrective actions and their effect and status. (T-1)

11.4.2.4. Status of planned, pending, active and disapproved safety modifications.

Paragraph 13.9 has guidelines and considerations for modification planning and risk

assessment. (T-1)

11.4.2.5. Safety investigation recommendations affecting the system. A discussion of

mishaps that have occurred since the last meeting. (T-1)

11.4.2.6. User/operator issues. (T-1)

11.4.2.7. Safety risk mitigation options. (T-1)

11.4.2.8. Unmitigated hazards. (T-1) Those hazards with either no mitigation plan or

hazards where there is a planned mitigation that has not been completely implemented.

11.4.2.9. System Safety program scope, including contractual requirements and

deliverable System Safety data. (T-1)

11.4.2.10. Overall safety assessments, especially before milestone reviews. (T-1)

11.4.2.11. Major modifications or engineering change proposals. (T-1)

11.4.2.12. The need to establish SSWGs as necessary to work detailed System Safety

issues. (T-1)

11.4.2.13. Making safety recommendations during design, development, test, operations,

sustainment and disposal. (T-1) Assign risk indices to each discussion/action item as

appropriate.

11.4.2.14. Aircraft Information Program status to emphasize the collection and analysis of

safety data. (T-1)

11.4.3. The SSG System Safety Manager develops and coordinates the SSG charter. (T-1) The

SSG charter will address the purpose and scope, mandatory membership, operating procedures

and administration of the group. All mandatory members must commit to supporting SSG

meetings and must sign the charter. (T-1) SSG membership consists of:

11.4.3.1. Minimum mandatory SSG members including the Chairperson (Program

Manager, Deputy or Chief Engineer), Program SSM, SSC/SE (for space systems),

AFMC/SES (for non-space ACAT 1 programs), the Lead MAJCOM-FLDCOM safety

office, Lead Operational and Developmental Test Agencies, and the Lead MAJCOM-

FLDCOM user representative. (T-1)

11.4.3.2. Minimum mandatory SSG advisors including the Center System Safety

Manager, AFSEC and AFMC/SE (for non-space systems other than ACAT 1). (T-1)

11.4.3.3. Additional SSG members or advisors may include SAF/AQRE, the contractor

system safety manager, program engineering staff (as needed based on issues at hand),

Space Launch Ranges, National Guard/Air Force Reserve representatives, and other DoD

and industry organizations (as appropriate) as determined by mandatory members. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 131

11.4.4. Within 30 working days, SSG meeting minutes shall be sent to all members, advisors,

SAF/AQR, and AFMC Directorate of Engineering (AFMC/EN) or Space Missile Center

Directorate of Engineering (SMC/EN), as applicable. MAJCOM/SEF will ensure SSG meeting

minutes are distributed to affected NAF and Wing Flight Safety representatives.

11.4.5. SSG recommendations that require capability changes or materiel modifications by the

program office must be validated and documented IAW the process and criteria outlined in

AFI 10-601, Operational Capability Requirements Development .

11.5. Non-Developmental Items. Program managers and purchasing activities/procuring

agencies are required to conduct a System Safety analysis appropriate for the system or item. For

non-developmental items, the analysis should review usage history, verify intended use

similarities, evaluate differences, and plan for adequate safety evaluation for all Air Force-unique

modifications or changes in use. This System Safety review should be accomplished by the

procuring/buying agency that is in the best position to assess the intended use and necessary

modification. For example, Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) certification requirements are

incrementally implemented and may not apply to all models or year groups of similar aircraft.

Operations from military fields and or with military support equipment provide unique hazard

opportunities that may not have been considered in the original design.

11.6. System Safety Engineering Analysis (SSEA). The SSEA program evaluates new

operations that are currently prohibited due to the perceived risks (e.g., aircraft hot refueling,

concurrent servicing operations, concurrent servicing operations supporting combat sortie

generation and wet wing/rapid defueling operations). Based upon the successful demonstration

and evaluation, approval may be granted to use the operation/procedures.

11.6.1. SSEA of a proposed operation is performed by a highly qualified team under

controlled conditions. The team conducts actual demonstrations and analysis of the operation

to validate overall risk assessment and recommend actions. The SSEA team is normally

chaired by the AFLCMC System Safety Office and includes experts from AFMC/SES,

AFSEC/SEF/SEG, and the developing/supporting and operational commands, and any other

technical experts (as needed) as determined by the SSEA Chair. At the discretion of the SSEA

Team Chief, Low-Risk SSEAs may be done via the in-house “tabletop” method without a

demonstration.

11.6.2. A using command requests a SSEA in writing to AFLCMC/SES and informs HQ

AFSEC and AFMC/SES. Requests must include:

11.6.2.1. A complete description of the proposed operation. (T-1)

11.6.2.2. Justification for accepting the increased risk. (T-1)

11.6.2.3. Recommended location and dates for the SSEA demonstrations. (T-1)

11.6.2.4. Identification of other DoD, Government or foreign agencies that might be

involved. (T-1)

11.6.3. The SSEA team reports the results of the analysis, including operational concepts,

system descriptions, risk assessments, hazard analyses, descriptions of the demonstrations and

conclusions and recommendations to the requester. (T-1)

132 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

11.7. Application of a Safety Risk Assessment (SRA).

11.7.1. A formal SRA is a decision-making tool that may be required to communicate and

document key elements of safety risk management processes. In acquisition programs, System

Safety processes are used to develop risk data and determine decision authorities; that

information is then used in an SRA for decision-making. An SRA is usually associated with a

non-conformity, abnormality, inability to demonstrate compliance with requirements or

regulations, a previously unforeseen condition that creates a potentially hazardous

environment, intended operations outside of known or approved environments, intent to

operate equipment that has exceeded design service limits or that has not been maintained IAW

standards or requirements, or when failures, mishaps or unexpected issues have indicated that

previous assessments or expectations may be incorrect or incomplete. SRAs may also be used

to evaluate new and innovative activities that could result in accidental losses and/or injuries.

Paragraph 13.9 provides a sample SRA layout.

11.7.2. An SRA may be used as part of the in-depth deliberative risk management planning

outlined in AFI 90-802, Risk Management; to support safety risk management decisions within

acquisition and sustainment life cycle management processes carried out under DoDI 5000.02

and AFI 63-101/20-101 or DoDD 5030.61, DoD Airworthiness Policy, and AFI 62-601, USAF

Airworthiness, and other internal guidance; as well as deliberative operational risk decisions,

mishap recommendation closure decisions and other contemplative evaluations of safety risk

where foreseen hazards require mitigation or formal risk acceptance.

11.7.3. When an SRA is required by Air Force instructions or policy, or an SRA is needed for

technical, operational, airworthiness, acquisition or other purposes, a process must be

developed that fulfills the core SRA principles described in this Chapter. Other instructions

may prescribe detailed provisions for applying these principles in a specific manner. (T-1)

11.7.4. An SRA is the summary document for a package of materials that provides supporting

details for the assessment and a decision. Do not rely upon information presented to the

decision-maker separately. The SRA combined with supporting documents forms an SRA

package that must sufficiently document all aspects pertinent to the decision regarding the

mission or activity, involved systems, identified hazard(s), risk calculations, data sources and

the mitigation options considered. (T-2)

11.8. Safety Risk Assessment Purpose and Risk Decision Authority Empowerment.

11.8.1. SRA packages are prepared to facilitate decisions on whether to accept safety risks, or

mitigate them to reduce the predicted consequences. The primary purpose of an SRA is to

ensure the Risk Decision Authority (RDA) has adequate information on potential adverse

safety consequences, mitigations and alternatives to make an informed risk management

decision.

11.8.2. A secondary purpose of an SRA package is to document the safety risk decision

process and the factors that were known or presumed at the time of the decision. The

documentation may be used to support leadership oversight, to inform the successor RDA or

others who may inherit the accepted risks, and to provide a basis for preparing future SRA

packages for required periodic revalidation.

11.8.3. While some guidance refers to the RDA as a Risk Acceptance Authority, it is essential

that an RDA has the authority to direct and fund risk mitigation alternatives in addition to

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 133

accepting risks without mitigation. The RDA must be in a position to balance safety risks with

potential mission, operational, programmatic and other benefits. In acquisition and

sustainment programs, the RDA must also be in a position to evaluate impacts on costs,

schedules and other risks. (T-1)

11.9. Core Safety Risk Assessment Principles. An SRA must include the following seven key

elements: (Note: Additional information may be required for specific decision purposes.)

11.9.1. Hazard description. (T-1) An SRA must include a statement of the hazard, along with

an explanation of the associated mission, operation or system that creates or warrants the

exposure to the hazard. (T-1) The counter-balancing benefits of the activity should be

described in overview in the SRA, with additional details provided in the SRA package

supporting documents.

11.9.2. Level of Risk. (T-1) An SRA must include an assessment of the potential adverse

consequences that could realistically result from exposure to the identified hazard. (T-1)Risk

level is expressed in terms of severity of consequences and probability of consequences.

Estimate the probabilities for the most severe credible adverse consequences that may be

realized, expressed in terms of losses per operational event or time period. When a hazard has

potential to result in multiple consequences of different severities, assess the probability for

each and include the consequence with the most severe net losses for an exposure period along

with other consequences that produce losses within an order of magnitude of those losses

during the exposure period. Potential losses suffered, as well as potential losses imposed upon

others, must be addressed. The potential adverse consequences must include all entities

exposed to the hazard, including damage to equipment and environmental damage as required

by AFI 32-7020, The Environmental Restoration Program, and injuries or death of operators,

participants and uninvolved parties. (T-1)

11.9.2.1. Consequences are generally expressed in terms of the number and cost of

equipment losses and the number of injuries or deaths. A monetized aggregate total for

both losses and injuries/deaths may be used by applying valuations for injury costs and the

OSHA Value of Statistical Life adjusted to current-year dollars for fatalities. Such

aggregated costs can be useful in evaluating the cost of mitigations against the cost of

consequences. AFI 91-204 provides guidance on calculating Air Force mishap losses.

Alternative methods of valuation may be used if they more accurately describe the

consequences, but rationale must be provided.

11.9.2.2. Consequences and probability may be combined and expressed as a risk level

(sometimes referred to as a Hazard Risk Index, Risk-Hazard Index or RAC). Risk levels

are primarily used to determine an RDA or evaluation process and may also be used to

characterize a degree of danger. They should are not be used as the sole consideration for

risk acceptance decisions because they fail to reflect the critical element of exposure, which

ultimately determines is a key element in determining projected losses.

11.9.3. Exposure Period. (T-1) If RDA approval is sought for a limited period or a limited

number of exposures, define that exposure period and use it for projected loss calculations. An

exposure period is usually the time until risk mitigations are expected to be incorporated or

hazard exposure otherwise ends, but may be for the life cycle of a system if no practical

mitigations are identified. (T-1)

134 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

11.9.3.1. Where RDA approvals are sought for the life cycle of a system, establish a

process for periodic re-accomplishment of the SRA, which will validate previous

assumptions using accrued data and reassess potential mitigations considering

technological advances and process changes. (T-1) State the date when re-accomplishment

is required in the SRA. (T-1)

11.9.3.2. When an RDA accepts risk for the life cycle of a system, establish a process to

provide accepted risk information to RDA successors or persons assuming similar levels

of responsibility for the system. (T-2)

11.9.4. Projected Losses. (T-1) Provide statistical calculations for the losses projected to occur

during the exposure period for which the RDA is making a decision. (T-1) State the losses on

an annual basis and for the entire exposure period. (T-1) Show the calculation of projected

losses that will occur during the period of exposure (typically the period for which approval is

sought), as well as losses extrapolated across the lifetime of the system or foreseeable activity.

(T-1)Projected losses mathematically express consequences and probability combined with

exposure. To determine projected losses, multiply the losses per period or event (as used to

determine risk level) by the number of periods or events for which risk acceptance is being

considered. (T-1)

11.9.4.1. Include a calculation for projected losses across the lifetime of the system or

foreseeable activity if risk were to continue at the same level without mitigation, to provide

perspective on the need for mitigation. (T-2)

11.9.4.2. If safety risk acceptance is sought for an exposure period equal to the life cycle

of a system, include a calculation for projected losses that will occur prior to the next

periodic reassessment. (T-2)

11.9.4.3. If an SRA is prepared to address a non-conformity or non-compliance in a

system, include all projected losses that are expected to result, both those suffered within

that system and those imposed on other involved systems, personnel and entities. (T-1)This

is required because only the RDA for the non-conforming or non-compliant system will

have the authority and means to correct the shortfalls and mitigate the resultant safety risks.

11.9.4.4. For the purposes of an SRA, when multiple potential adverse consequences are

evaluated (e.g., both Catastrophic and Critical severity outcomes), projected losses do not

need to be included for outcomes with loss projections substantially lower than the most

severe projected loss, unless the uncertainty is large or the less-severe outcomes are

particularly relevant.

11.9.5. Mitigation Options. (T-1) Describe available or obtainable mitigation options,

including expected effectiveness and resultant reduction in projected losses, along with

impacts to cost, schedule, mission accomplishment and other important factors. (T-1)

Mitigation options usually include an evaluation of the consequences with no mitigation as

well as an evaluation of not conducting the operation or activity that requires exposure to the

hazard, and may include transfer of mission responsibility to other entities. Consider and

evaluate mitigations that include reducing exposure, redesign of systems, protective devices to

reduce severity of consequences, warnings, training, restrictions and limitations. (T-1) Include

a recommendation for the RDA. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 135

11.9.6. User and Stakeholder Views. (T-1) Provide the RDA a summary of the views of

organizations responsible for users and interacting organizations that may experience

potentially significant losses of assets or injuries to their personnel due to their exposure to the

risks. (T-1)Other organizations may be required to prepare another SRA for a different RDA

if hazard exposure may produce elevated risk levels for other entities. Address such situations

as stakeholder views. Also provide the evaluation of reviewing safety organizations when such

a review has been obtained or is required by policy. (T-1)

11.9.7. Document the Risk Decision Authority (RDA) Authority and Decision. (T-1)

11.9.7.1. In the SRA package, cite the policy that designates the RDA based upon the level

of projected losses, level of risk, or other institutionalized responsibility. (T-1)The RDA

(also referred to as Risk Acceptance Authority) must be empowered to direct mitigation

measures and/or operational restrictions that reduce safety risk, as well as accepting risks

or prohibiting exposure to the hazard. While risk level may be used for identifying an RDA,

the actual risk decision must be based upon projected losses to ensure risk exposure period

is considered. Document the decision of the RDA and any directed mitigations or

limitations. (T-1)

11.9.7.2. Many acquisition programs (and MIL-STD-882E) use risk level to establish

RDAs, without considering the exposure to the risks; however, the preferred method for

identifying an RDA is to use projected loss thresholds with higher annual loss projections

requiring higher leadership levels as decision authorities. Note: For example, Wing

Commanders could be empowered to accept projected losses up to $100 million per year,

MAJCOM-FLDCOM commanders could accept projected losses up to $1 billion per year,

and SECAF acceptance could be required for projected losses above that level.

11.10. Safety Office SRA Reviews. When organizational policy directs a review of SRA

packages by AF/SE, AFSEC or other safety offices, those reviews will be completed before the

SRA package is presented to the RDA for a decision. (T-1)Include the results of safety office

reviews in the user and stakeholder views presented to the RDA in the SRA package. (T-1)Safety

reviews of SRA packages will include:

11.10.1. An evaluation of the hazard description to ensure it is accurate and comprehensive.

(T-1)

11.10.2. A review of calculations for risk levels and an assessment of the validity and accuracy

of the data used as a basis for the calculations. (T-1) Safety reviews may recommend additional

data, data sources or subject matter experts that should be used to improve confidence in the

conclusions.

11.10.3. A review of the basis for qualitative risk assessments to determine if any data in the

SRA is inappropriate for the assessment, or if additional applicable historical data is available

in safety databases. (T-1)Safety offices may identify comparative assessments for similar

operations or activities and provide information on historical acceptance for similar levels of

risk.

11.10.4. Validation for projected losses calculations in the SRA, research into mishap data

and/or expert opinions that may verify or refute the reasonableness of the assumptions made.

(T-1)

136 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

11.10.5. Periodic reassessments. (T-1) Programs requiring an SRA must provide a timeframe

of validity, after which an SRA must be re-accomplished, to include briefing and documenting

RDA decisions and risk re-acceptance. (T-1) SRAs should also be considered invalid and re-

accomplished if a mishap event or history of events demonstrate assumptions or supporting

data in the SRA package are found to be significantly inaccurate, or when technology or

improved operational practices provide viable new mitigations for safety risk.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 137

Chapter 12

CONTRACT SAFETY

12.1. Contract Safety Program. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance on the

responsibilities of the applicable safety office in the contracting process; with the overarching goal

of protecting government personnel, equipment, facilities and mission from hazards posed by

contractor operations. It is imperative that safety involvement begins early in the process to prevent

hazardous conditions from developing or costly changes to the contract after implementation.

Note: This chapter will be supplemented as needed by MAJCOMs/FLDCOMs and installations to

ensure proper safety criteria is defined and adhered to in all AF acquisitions and/or AF procured

contracts. (T-1)

12.2. Contract Types. The majority of contracts fall in two broad categories: services (includes

construction) and commodity (supply) contracts. See Table 12.1 for a list of possible issues to

consider when dealing with contracts and subsequent design and review processes.

12.2.1. Service Contracts. Under a service contract, the Air Force/Space Force pays a civilian

company to perform a service. Service contracts generally include, but are not limited to,

custodial services, ground maintenance operation of government-owned equipment,

housekeeping services, etc. Construction contracts include the construction, alteration or repair

(including dredging, excavating, painting) of buildings, structures or other real property. The

requesting organization will submit an AF Form 332, Base Civil Engineer Work Request, when

required, defining facility criteria and needs to the installation CE office. (T-2) Construction

contract reviews by safety personnel should begin at preplanning conferences, continue

through design reviews, preconstruction conferences and facility acceptance inspections.

12.2.2. Commodity (Supply) Contracts. Commodity contracts are normally used for the local

procurement of items not available through the AF, Space Force or General Services

Administration (GSA) supply systems. These contracts may include rental or leased equipment

obtained for specific purposes. Installation organizations regularly initiate procurement actions

for items or equipment that may not be designed, manufactured, installed or used according to

safety criteria. Items in the Air Force, Space Force or General Services Administration supply

system are evaluated for safety and normally meet minimum standards.

12.2.3. The organization/user will coordinate AF Forms 9, Request for Purchase, and other

purchase requests with the applicable safety staff before sending them to the contracting office

unless locally established exemptions exist. (T-3)

Table 12.1. Contract Considerations.

Services and Construction Contracts.

Are there safety requirements required for the unit personnel? If so, what are the safety requirements,

and who is responsible to ensure these requirements are met?

Will the service contract place unit personnel at risk of potential hazards, to include safety issues, such

as slips, trips or falls, or HAZMAT? If so, does the contractor ensure supervisors of exposed personnel

are made aware of the hazards?

Are flightline safety requirements briefed to contractors who work there?

Are contractors who work within explosive arcs, munitions, or weapons storage areas briefed on safety

requirements?

138 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Services and Construction Contracts.

Are contractors briefed on unit emergency procedures?

Do contractors adhere to federal or state safety training requirements that may be specified within the

contract?

Are contractors made aware of how to contact emergency personnel on the installation?

What type of facility and occupancy (administrative, industrial, combination) will be constructed or

modified?

What is the proposed number of personnel who will occupy the facility?

What is the specific use of the facility, i.e., aircraft maintenance hangar, industrial shop for welding or

brazing, corrosion control facility or administrative building?

Is the equipment within the contract government owned/provided? If government owned are related

safety standards included in the contract?

What are the potential hazards for the proposed operation of the facility?

Can potential hazards be eliminated or engineered out in the development phase of the construction

contract?

Is the facility equipped with adequate ramps for handicap personnel that meet the requirements of the

American Disabilities Act (ADA)?

Ensure adequate parking for personnel.

Ensure adequate handicapped spaces are identified and applicable signage is applied.

Have traffic safety concerns been addressed?

Does the new facility or facility modification affect weapons or flight safety requirements?

Does the facility meet National Fire Protection Association life safety code?

Are Small UAS use to support Operations.

Commodity Contracts.

Are AF Form 9 purchases reviewed for safety concerns/implications prior to being sent to the

installation contracting office?

Are GPC purchases, not GSA-approved, reviewed to meet safety requirements?

Does the safety office review contracts/purchases that specify certain required and/or optional safety

features for tools and equipment?

Are contracts reviewed for specific uses, e.g., explosion-proof equipment for hazardous locations?

Note: This list is not all-inclusive. Ideally, these questions would be addressed during the development

phase of the contract.

12.3. Contractor Compliance. Contractors are responsible for complying with federal and state

occupational safety and health standards for their employees, except where the Air Force or Space

Force contractually agreed to assume responsibility. Further detail can be found in DoDI 6055.01,

Enclosure 5.

12.4. Safety Office. Safety personnel will:

12.4.1. Ensure the appropriate safety staff is included during the development of any

contractual or government purchase card requirement and/or project processes to include safety

requirements in the Performance-Based Work Statement or Statement of Work. (T-1)

12.4.2. Coordinate with the installation contracting office to ensure notification of the safety

staff for relevant conferences, meetings, inspections and applicable designs reviews, e.g.,

blueprints, Computer-Aided Designs, etc. (T-1) The safety staff will participate as part of the

Multi-Functional Team (MFT), when prescribed by AFI 64-102, Operational Contracting

Program, and AFI 63-138, Acquisition of Services. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 139

12.4.3. Ensure the requesting activities/organization communicates specific requirements

outlined in operating directives or technical orders, to include operation plans, training needs,

storage needs, traffic considerations, etc. (T-1)

12.4.4. Visit the proposed project location or facility during the site selection process, if

needed. (T-1)

12.4.5. Review contractor safety plans to ensure materials used or operations conducted do

not endanger public safety and government personnel or property. (T-1)

12.4.6. Not take actions that would put them in direct control of a worksite owned or controlled

solely by a contractor or contract personnel. (T-0)

12.4.7. Report observed safety violations to the contracting officer or their representative.

(T-1) In cases of observed critical and/or imminent danger safety personnel will take action to

stop the operation and immediately contact the contracting officer. (T-1)

12.4.8. Consider host nation and OSHA or the national consensus standards of the United

States (e.g., National Fire Protection Association and National Electrical Codes) when

Statement of Work or Performance-Based Work Statement are developed for contract work

outside the jurisdiction of the United States.

140 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 13

SUPPORTING GUIDANCE

13.1. Air Force Safety Management System (AFSMS).

13.1.1. Purpose. AFSMS utilizes the four pillars (depicted in Figure 13.1) and the AFSMS

framework (Figure 13.2) to structure the AF mishap prevention program. Activities associated

with each pillar set policy, identify and mitigate hazards and risk, and reduce the occurrence

and cost of injuries, illnesses, fatalities and property damage. Managing mishap prevention

activities requires goal setting, planning, executing and measuring performance utilizing

continuous improvement processes through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model as

described in paragraph 13.1.4.

Figure 13.1. AFSMS Pillars.

13.1.2. Leadership implements the mishap prevention program by providing guidance and

goals, establishing safety responsibility and accountability, applying risk management to all

activities, and promoting the program throughout the organization. The result is a program

designed to prevent mishaps, safeguard Airmen, protect resources and preserve combat

readiness.

13.1.3. AFSMS Framework.

13.1.3.1. Policy and Leadership. Safety policy provides a structure for building a sound

and proactive mishap prevention program. Active leadership involvement in the

implementation and execution of the system supported at all levels of command is critical.

The following are descriptions and examples of safety policies, leadership engagement and

Airmen participation.

13.1.3.1.1. Safety policy is the foundation for the SMS framework of requirements and

expectations. The structure is built of AF mishap prevention programs and activities

that support the AF safety mission, vision, goals and objectives.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 141

13.1.3.1.2. Leaders have overall responsibility for safe operations and must clearly

establish safety responsibility and accountability throughout the organization,

communicating their commitment to the safety and health of our Airmen. Safety staffs

at all levels assist commanders with the integration and implementation of safety

management elements into organizational activities.

13.1.3.1.2.1. Leaders set safety policies and goals and lead SMS implementation,

communicating safety management throughout the organization by identifying and

controlling safety risk, applying management principles and promoting a strong

safety culture.

13.1.3.1.2.2. Leadership engagement includes: publicly committing to and taking

responsibility for a safe working environment for all personnel; directing the

organization to implement and maintain a mishap prevention program that includes

appropriate authority and accountability levels; communicating the safety policy to

all Airmen; and holding Airmen at all levels accountable for effective program

implementation.

13.1.3.1.3. Airmen Participation. Organizational leadership shall establish and

implement processes to ensure effective participation by its Airmen at all levels. (T-1)

Proper use of the AFSMS elements enhances Airmen engagement and system

effectiveness and drives continuous improvement. Organizational leadership will:

encourage and support Airmen participation in the mishap prevention program, safety

committees, and safety briefings; educate Airmen on the goals of safety-related

inspections, risk assessments, and job safety analyses and how to accomplish them; and

encourage Airmen to communicate safety concerns to leadership via hazard reports and

other safety feedback mechanisms. (T-1)

142 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Figure 13.2. AFSMS Framework.

13.1.3.2. Risk Management (RM). Risk management is the key to mishap prevention. The

Air Force’s five-step Deliberate RM process (see Figure 13.3) is the core of the Air Force’s

safety and mishap prevention program. Utilize RM to the maximum extent possible to

identify and assess hazards, develop and implement mitigating controls, and monitor and

analyze the controls to assess their effectiveness. More details are available in AFI 90-802,

Risk Management, and AFPAM 90-803, Risk Management (RM) Guidelines and Tools.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 143

Figure 13.3. The Air Force 5-Step RM Process.

13.1.3.3. Assurance. Safety assurance is how commanders determine the elements of the

mishap prevention program are implemented, and guides continuous improvement efforts.

The assurance functions of evaluation, monitor, and review measure whether organizations

conform to standards and are making progress toward established goals.

13.1.3.3.1. Evaluation. Evaluate system conformance and effectiveness through

monitoring, measurements, inspections, assessments, evaluations, and mishap, near

miss, and hazard investigations. Corrective action must be taken when non-

conformance with system processes or execution is identified. (T-1)

13.1.3.3.1.1. Evaluation of safety assurance processes concentrates on validating,

through collection and analysis of objective evidence(i.e., documents, records,

metrics, inspection, evaluation), that operation, process, or system expectations are

met or exceeded. These processes focus on compliance and conformance with the

mishap prevention program, and that desired effectiveness results are achieved.

13.1.3.3.1.2. Safety assurance data is obtained from numerous sources, including

continuous program monitoring/measurement, self-inspection, independent

internal process/program evaluation, external inspection/evaluation (Unit

Effectiveness Inspection [UEI], Management Inspection [MI], etc.), safety

investigation and internal reporting systems (Hazard Reports, Airman Safety

Action Program [ASAP] Reports, Military Flight Operations Quality Assurance

(military FOQA) reports, Management Internal Control Toolset [MICT], etc.).

(T-1) Ensure acquired data is actionable and adequately measures operations,

program processes, and/or system performance. (T-1)

13.1.3.3.2. Monitoring. Commanders determine whether the system is performing

effectively and meeting regulatory requirements by monitoring the status of corrective

144 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

and preventive actions, injury/illness metrics, findings of safety investigations

(including hazards and near misses), inspections, assessments, audits, effectiveness

measures and trend analysis. (T-2)To be effective, monitoring should ensure the

necessary information is available for leadership to evaluate the continuing suitability,

adequacy, and effectiveness of the mishap prevention program, which then helps

commanders set continuous improvement targets.

13.1.3.3.3. Leadership Review (Annual Program Management Review [APMR]). This

review allows leadership and applicable process owners to conduct a strategic and

tactical critical evaluation of the conformance and effectiveness of the mishap

prevention program and AFSMS framework. Results, recommendations, and action

items from this review shall be documented, prioritized, communicated to affected

organizations and tracked to completion. (T-1) See paragraph 13.2. Following the

APMR, communicate expectations to each Airman, and incorporate these expectations

into actionable tasks with clear deliverables and estimated completion dates.

Additionally, revise program and/or system requirements, as needed.

13.1.3.3.4. Additional safety assurance considerations:

13.1.3.3.4.1. Design Review and Management of Change. Identify and take

appropriate steps to prevent or otherwise control hazards at the design and redesign

stages using tools found in the System Safety and RM processes. Commanders,

supervisors and planners will utilize change management tools to assess and

address change-induced risks associated with operations and contingencies. (T-2)

13.1.3.3.4.2. Procurement. Identify and evaluate potential hazards prior to

purchasing products, goods and/or services. Ensure procedures and requirements

are communicated to suppliers and service providers.

13.1.3.3.4.3. Contracts. As appropriate, include safety program requirements and

processes in the Performance-Based Work Statement (PWS) for contracted work.

13.1.3.3.4.4. Emergency Preparedness. Periodically evaluate plans IAW AFI 10-

2501, Air Force Emergency Management Program.

13.1.3.3.4.5. Early Intervention of Hazards. Participate in existing Air Force

proactive safety programs, such as Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System

(AFCMRS) and ASAP, that provide early identification and intervention for

hazards. Use such programs to identify, measure and mitigate hazards; revisit

existing risk controls; and determine the effectiveness of newly implemented risk

mitigations. Traditional mishap investigation data sources, i.e., Air Force Safety

Automated System (AFSAS), and proactive safety data sources, e.g., Military

Flight Operations Quality Assurance (MFOQA), are available to measure the risk

hazards pose to operations, and the efficacy of mitigation controls.

13.1.3.3.4.6. Consultation. Safety professionals provide consultation services

regarding all aspects of safety. This includes by request, through assurance

processes and/or any other opportunities.

13.1.3.3.4.7. Resourcing. Programming resources for safety management to

include manning, promotion and education, hazard abatement, etc.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 145

13.1.3.4. Promotion, Training and Education. Ensure Airmen are provided safety

awareness information, organizations have embedded ongoing training into the mishap

prevention program, organizations have implemented effective risk control measures, and

that Airmen are actively engaged in the mishap prevention program. (T-1)

13.1.3.4.1. Airmen and contractors shall know the mishap prevention program

requirements that apply to their daily duties. This includes understanding hazard

identification, control and reporting procedures, and where and how they can

participate in the mishap prevention program. (T-0) Records of training are generated

and maintained as directed by this instruction and other guidance.

13.1.3.4.2. The ideal context for maximizing mishap reduction through the AFSMS

should be defined as an Informed Safety Culture, comprised of a Just Culture,

Reporting Culture, Learning Culture and Flexible Culture. Commanders and leaders

throughout the organization promote and enforce these aspects.

13.1.3.4.2.1. The foundation of an Informed Culture is a Just Culture, which

encourages personnel to provide safety-related information without fear of reprisal.

Leaders establish a Just Culture environment by encouraging hazard and error

reporting for safety analysis and mishap prevention purposes. At the same time,

they must understand and promote the idea that more can be learned through full

reporting and detailed investigation of safety issues than by assigning blame and

punishment. Leaders must also establish clear guidelines on acceptable and

unacceptable behavior. Commanders may not use safety investigation reports for

any purpose except mishap prevention, while other investigations (e.g.,

Commander-Directed Investigation) may be used as a basis for command

disciplinary action, as appropriate.

13.1.3.4.2.2. The value of a Reporting Culture should be continuously promoted

and reinforced by leadership actions, not only in soliciting information on hazards

and threats to safety, but also in taking action. Addressing hazards is critical to a

healthy Reporting Culture, as Airmen will stop reporting if they feel their concerns

are not taken seriously.

13.1.3.4.2.3. A Learning Culture exists when the organization is not afraid to

change direction, processes, or way of doing business simply because it’s always

been done that way. Leaders endorse a Learning Culture by showing a willingness

to change procedures and practices based on uncovered hazards and mistakes.

13.1.3.4.2.4. A Flexible Culture is continuously promoted and reinforced by

leadership actions throughout organizations by empowering personnel to

recommend procedural and behavioral changes to manage risk.

13.1.4. Continuous Improvement. The AFSMS implements and supports a continuous

improvement process by creating the framework to review safety conformance and

effectiveness. It creates deliberate opportunities to refine and refocus suboptimal elements as

trends develop, interventions are successful or fail, or new technology is introduced. While

Figure 13.2 depicts continuous improvement under the Assurance pillar, there is, in fact, a

benefit of continuous improvement through execution of the mishap prevention program using

all pillars of the AFSMS. Leaders from the squadron to the headquarters will use the PDCA

146 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

methodology to ensure that continuous improvement is being accomplished. (T-1)PDCA is an

iterative four-step management method used for the control and continuous improvement of

processes and products.

13.1.4.1. Plan. Establish the objectives and desired end state. Study programmatic

shortfalls, emerging trends and/or changing conditions. Outline possible countermeasures

and the necessary policy, programs, processes and actions necessary to deliver results IAW

the expected outcome (the target or goals). By establishing output expectations, the

completeness and accuracy of the specification becomes a part of the targeted

improvement.

13.1.4.2. Do. Implement the plan, execute the process and make the product. Collect data

for charting and analysis in the following “CHECK” and “ACT” steps.

13.1.4.3. Check. Study the actual results (measured and collected in “DO” above) and

compare against the expected results (targets or goals from the “PLAN”) to ascertain any

differences. Look for deviations in implementation from the “PLAN” and “DO” parts of

the cycle that may have affected execution. Charting data can make it much easier to see

trends over several PDCA cycles and convert the collected data into information.

Information is what you need for the next step, “ACT.”

13.1.4.4. Act. Request corrective actions on significant differences between actual and

planned results. Analyze the differences to determine their root causes. Determine where

to apply changes that will include improvement of the process or product. (T-1) At the

conclusion of the reviews in this part of the cycle, there should be evidence of the future

direction of the mishap prevention program and any needed changes to the policy,

priorities, objectives, resources or other program elements.

13.1.5. DELETED

13.2. Annual Program Management Review (APMR).

13.2.1. Annually reviewing safety programs and analyzing results is essential to successful

execution of the mishap prevention program under the Safety Management System (SMS).

This analysis and resulting adjustments to the safety program should improve the program

processes and procedures, reduce risk exposure, and consequently, decrease the frequency

and/or severity of mishaps. The APMR provides senior leaders with a clear picture of the

effectiveness of their safety function as well as its impact on the mission of the organization.

Safety staffs must ensure all subordinate units’ SMS data is reflected in their APMR. (T-1) A

list of all units covered will be included as an appendix page to the APMR. (T-1) The review

will contain a statement declaring the mishap prevention program conformance and

effectiveness under the systemic processes of the AFSMS was either met and effective, met

but needs minor improvement(s), met but needs significant improvement(s), or was not

effective. (T-1)

13.2.2. Minimum Required Elements of the APMR, as applicable: (Note: These elements are

designed to preserve consistency across the safety enterprise.)

13.2.2.1. Executive Summary. A brief overview of how the organization’s activities fit

into the SMS concept and structure. (T-1)

13.2.2.2. Safety goals, objectives, and priorities for the next fiscal year. (T-1)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 147

13.2.2.3. Analysis of the prior fiscal year’s resource (manpower and funding) allocation

plans and execution, and recommendations for new or reallocation of resources to

supporting future goals. (T-1)

13.2.2.4. Mishap reduction progress. Include at least five years of data in the applicable

categories. (T-1) Note: The Business Intelligence Tool of AFSAS will format/provide

these slides at the MAJCOM, NAF, Wing and Squadron levels. (T-1)

13.2.2.5. Review of findings, recommendations (closed and new), and trends. (T-1)

13.2.2.6. Review results, deficiencies and corrective actions from CCIP and UEI reports

conducted IAW AFI 90-201. (T-1)

13.2.2.7. Effectiveness of safety processes. Address both successes and failures of the

safety processes in order to identify areas for improvement, where applicable. (T-1)

13.2.2.8. Review of Master Hazard Abatement plans and Open Risk Assessment Codes.

13.2.2.9. Continuous Improvement. (T-1)

13.2.2.10. Reference links to safety division related annexes, tabs, attachments or other

products containing greater detailed breakdown of relative data. (T-1)

13.2.2.11. Annual summary of obstacle course status and obstacle course related mishaps.

(T-1)

13.2.2.12. Signature of Commander (Installation/NAF/MAJCOM/FLDCOM, as

appropriate). May be delegated no lower than deputy commander or executive director.

(T-1)

13.2.2.13. Tenant organizations on an installation with a safety office, if authorized one,

will prepare and submit an APMR through their chain of command. (T-2) Tenant

organizations without a full-time safety professional will have their parent organization

capture their data and incorporate into the parent APMR. (T-2) Installations and tenant

organizations with safety offices are encouraged to share copies of their APMR.

13.2.2.14. Appendix page including list of all units covered by APMR. (T-1)

13.2.3. DAF and the Secretary of the Air Force will review the AFSMS for overall

performance and impacts of policy changes.

13.2.3.1. As part of the AFSEC APMR, AF/SE will review all applicable safety standards

and publications for changes that would affect the performance of the AFSMS. AF/SE will

report that the AFSMS is currently aligned with supporting policy or needs minor or major

revisions.

13.2.3.2. AFSEC and SAF/IEE will review all MAJCOM/FLDCOM APMRs for trends

and possible improvements to the AFSMS.

13.2.3.3. As part of the DAF Safety and Occupational Health Performance Management

Review to the Assistant Secretary of the Defense for Readiness, SAF/IEE will certify that

the AFSMS has been reviewed for suitability with current policies and standards and is

performing well, or needs minor/major updates.

148 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

13.3. Federal/State Inspections of DoD Working Conditions and Mishap

Investigations. Refer to DoDI 6055.01, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program,

for additional information on announced or unannounced inspections, federal/state official access,

opening and closing conferences, resolving conflicts and hazard abatement. OSHA inspection

procedures for federal agency workplaces are provided in OSHA’s Field Operations Manual. The

current OSHA Field Operations Manual is located on the AF Occupational Safety SharePoint®

website (https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG/Resources). Note: State OSHA officials,

operating under a federally-approved plan and subject to the terms of any variance, tolerance or

exemption granted by the DoL, may enforce state OSHA standards in workplaces. Verify with the

base legal office to determine which areas of the installation fall under state versus exclusive

federal jurisdiction. (T-1)

13.3.1. Federal/state officials may conduct, as part of their evaluation program, annual

targeted inspections or program assistance visits of AF installations based on the comparative

incidence of worker compensation claims. Federal/state officials may also request installations

perform self-investigations and self-inspections on a case-by-case basis. Installation

commanders, through execution of a locally approved OSHA Reception and Action Plan

(example located on the AF Occupational Safety SharePoint® website

(https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG/Resources)) will:

13.3.1.1. Ensure Security Forces are provided a letter of instruction outlining notification

procedures to the installation safety office upon federal/state official(s) arrival at the gate.

(T-2)

13.3.1.2. Without delay, ensure the federal/state official(s) are met by a member of the

installation safety office and escorted to where an opening conference will be conducted

during normal duty hours. (T-0)

13.3.1.3. Host an opening conference with federal/state officials. (T-2) The installation

safety office will notify their CC/CV, JA and IG of federal/state official’s arrival. (T-2)

Notify BEE, FES, PH, Civilian Personnel Office, Contracting Office, tenant unit safety

offices, labor representatives, and other agencies as required based upon the federal/state

official’s stated purpose of the visit. (T-2)

13.3.1.4. A safety representative and/or other functional representative (e.g., FES, BEE,

PH, etc.) will escort the federal/state official to other parts of the installation after the

opening conference. (T-2) When federal/state officials require entry to a classified or

restricted area, the official will meet established security requirements for the area. (T-1)

13.3.1.5. Provide upon request, access to available safety, fire protection and health

information in workplaces, unless prohibited by this instruction or other AFI guidance.

(T-1) Access to privileged safety information is prohibited by DoDI 6055.07 and AFI 91-

204. Federal/state officials may review non-privileged portions of mishap/incident reports

in the workplace during the course of their investigation. Do not release “For Official Use

Only” marked reports or materials to federal/state officials. Federal/state officials

requesting access to additional information and records may obtain the information IAW

the provision of DoDI 6055.01 and AFI 91-204.

13.3.1.6. Provide photographic or video support, if required. Videos or photographs taken

on installations fall under the exclusive control of the installation commander. AF officials

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 149

may review photographs and videos before release if they suspect possible disclosure of

classified or proprietary information without the review. During federal/state inspections

or investigations, take (or obtain from officials) photos of identified physical

hazards/discrepancies which may result in an OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful

Working Conditions.

13.3.1.7. Host a closing conference with the federal/state officials and invite required

agencies to attend. (T-0)If significant hazards or deficiencies are identified or problems

occur during a federal/state inspection or investigation, notify the MAJCOM/FOA/DRU

safety staff. (T-1)The MAJCOM/FOA/DRU will in turn immediately notify AFSEC/SEG.

13.3.1.8. Treat OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions in the same

manner as a fire, safety or health AF inspection report. (T-1) Evaluate and assign a RAC

to each hazard identified by OSHA personnel. (T-1) Note: DoD agencies (i.e., DeCA,

AAFES, etc.) are responsible for resolving issues related to OSHA Notice of Unsafe or

Unhealthful Working conditions or requests for delays, variations, tolerances or

exemptions of applicable safety and health standards.

13.3.1.9. Ensure appropriate members of the fire, safety or health offices verify

federal/state inspection results, including all testing. (T-1) AF tests or sampling for future

testing should be accomplished at the same time and at the same location as the federal/state

testing, if possible.

13.3.1.10. Upon completion of the federal/state visit, health and fire officials, as

applicable, shall coordinate responses to federal/state visits and OSHA Notice of Unsafe

or Unhealthful Working Conditions with the installation safety office. (T-1)

13.3.2. Contractor Operations.

13.3.2.1. Within the 50 states and US territories, AF contractors operating from AF or

privately-owned workplaces located on or off AF installations are subject to enforcement

authority by federal and state safety and health officials. Authorized safety officials from

states without OSHA-approved safety and health plans may, subject to the exceptions in

this instruction, exercise jurisdiction over contractor operations. At overseas locations,

local government agencies may conduct inspections of contractor workplaces or operations

as stipulated in status of forces or country-to-country agreements. (T-0)

13.3.2.2. Federal/state officials may perform OSH inspections of AF contractor

workplaces in areas where the US holds exclusive federal jurisdiction. Verify with base

legal office to determine which areas of the installation fall under federal jurisdiction. (T-1)

13.3.2.3. The DoL does not have authority over working conditions for which another

federal agency or certain state agencies exercise statutory authority to prescribe or enforce

standards or regulations affecting safety and health. Thus, OSHA authority does not extend

to working conditions specifically covered by:

13.3.2.3.1. Any nuclear safety or health standard or instruction implementing Title 42,

U.S.C., 2012, 2021, 2121(b), and 2201(b).

13.3.2.3.2. Any explosives safety standard or instruction implementing Title 10,

U.S.C., 172, Ammunition Storage Board.

150 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

13.3.2.4. Regardless of whether or not a state has an OSHA-approved plan, state safety

and Industrial Hygiene officials have no authority in AF contractor workplaces located in

areas where the US holds exclusive federal jurisdiction.

13.3.2.5. Federal/state inspections or investigations of contractor operations on an AF

installation will be reported IAW this instruction.

13.3.3. AFSAS OSHA Event Module.

13.3.3.1. OSHA Events shall be entered into the AFSAS OSHA Events Module. (T-1) An

OSHA Event is defined as any official contact (i.e., email, fax, telephonic, in person)

initiated between the AF and federal/state officials requesting inspection of processes,

facilities or projects (military, civilian or contractor) or investigation of a mishap/incident

on the installation. Any request for mishap/incident investigation information, i.e., the

OSHA Rapid Response Report (see paragraph 13.3.4) or AF Form 978, Supervisor

Mishap Report, is considered an OSHA Event. Detailed instructions can be found in the

AFSAS OSHA Events Module Guide located on the AF Occupational Safety SharePoint®

website (https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG/Resources). Note: Self-investigation

responses, the OSHA Rapid Response Report or AF Form 978 requested by federal/state

officials do not require coordination with appropriate MAJCOM/FLDCOM/DRU/FOA

(SE, FES, SG, JA) and HAF (AFSEC, AFCEC, AF/SG, AF/JA).

13.3.3.2. All OSHA Event correspondences will be uploaded into the AFSAS OSHA

Events Module as the official recordkeeping process for OSHA Events. (T-1)

13.3.4. OSHA Rapid Response Report. If a Rapid Response Report is requested by OSHA,

the installation safety office may ask OSHA if they will accept the AF Form 978 in lieu of the

Rapid Response Report.

13.3.4.1. The affected organization will ensure the appropriate report is completed by the

supervisor or USR and appropriately routed to the installation safety office. (T-1)

13.3.4.2. The installation safety office will:

13.3.4.2.1. Ensure the report does not contain any privileged information. (T-1) Note:

To prevent inadvertent release of privileged information, a 1S0X1 or 0018 will not

complete a Rapid Response Report.

13.3.4.2.2. Notify the installation commander or designated authority. (T-1)

13.3.4.2.3. Ensure the report is uploaded to the appropriate AFSAS OSHA Event.

(T-1)

13.3.4.2.4. Provide the report to OSHA by their suspense date. (T-1)

13.3.4.3. The Rapid Response Report Worksheet is located on the AF Occupational Safety

SharePoint® website (https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG./Resources).

13.3.5. OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions. Upon receipt of an

OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions, the installation safety office will

upload the Notice into the AFSAS OSHA Events Module within two workdays and notify

AFSEC by Email ([email protected]). (T-1) This reporting requirement applies to AF

workplaces or operations performed by a contractor in which AF workplaces, equipment or

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 151

procedural deficiencies are identified in the Notice. Note: OSHA Notice of Unsafe or

Unhealthful Working Conditions include those issued and abated on the spot.

13.3.5.1. Although units receive notices individually at a particular location, the identified

hazard may be classified as an Corporate-wide Repeat violation, previously identified at

another AF location. All OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions

correspondence to OSHA will be coordinated with the appropriate MAJCOM/DRU/FOA

(SE, FES, SG, JA) and HAF (AFSEC, AFCEC, AF/SG, AF/JA). (T-1) If required, AFSEC

will coordinate with SAF/IEE. The MAJCOM and AFSEC track all violation(s) from

identification through proposed response to OSHA and subsequent closure.

13.3.5.2. Informal Conference. The installation safety office will request an Informal

Conference with the local OSHA office. Exceptions to an Informal Conference shall be

coordinated through affected disciplines (i.e., BEE, FES, PH, etc.), MAJCOM and

AFSEC/SEG. (T-1)

13.3.5.3. Pre-informal Conference. A Pre-Informal Conference involving applicable local

representatives, MAJCOM and AFSEC will be held to discuss expectations of the Informal

Conference. It shall be held no later than two days prior to the Informal Conference.

(T-1)The Pre-informal Conferences will be scheduled by the applicable safety office and

will:

13.3.5.3.1. Be scheduled with the local OSHA office as soon as possible IAW the

OSHA Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions instructions. (T-1)

13.3.5.3.2. Be used to contest violations and/or seek lesser classification, i.e., Serious

to Other-Than-Serious. (T-1)

13.3.5.3.3. Be used to request extension on abatement dates (Petition for Modification

of Abatement Date) and/or allow time for multi-level coordination through specific

disciplines, MAJCOM, AFSEC and SAF/IEE. (T-1)

13.3.5.3.4. Involve, via teleconference, applicable MAJCOM and HAF-level agencies

to include AFSEC/SEG. (T-1)

13.3.5.4. Petitions for Modification of Abatement Date (PMA) requested from OSHA (to

include interim control measures) will be initiated by the installation OSM as the OSHA

process manager for the installation commander. An electronic courtesy copy shall be sent

to the MAJCOM/DRU/FOA and AFSEC. (T-1)

13.3.5.5. After the Informal Conference with OSHA, or approved exception, the

commander or designated official will draft and coordinate the proposed official response

to the violation, which will then be sent to the applicable MAJCOM/DRU/FOA safety

office and AFSEC in parallel. (T-1)The MAJCOM/DRU/FOA will forward their

coordinated position to AFSEC via e-mail to [email protected] for review and approval.

AFSEC/SEG will determine SAF/IEE coordination. AFSEC/SEG will send the approved

OSHA response to the installation for release. Units will build this additional coordination

process into the time frame allowed for the response suspense to OSHA. (T-1)

13.3.5.6. In addition to local notifications, such as installation IG, JA, PA, CC or CV, and

affected organizations or tenant activities, the installation safety office shall notify:

13.3.5.6.1. Applicable MAJCOM/FOA/DRU/SEG/SGP/SGPB/CE.

152 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

13.3.5.6.2. Applicable Intermediate Command/SEG/SGP/CE.

13.4. USAF Aviation Safety Equipment Database Reporting.

13.4.1. Purpose and Scope. The database will be maintained by AFSEC/SEFE in an electronic

spreadsheet format and will be organized into aircraft categories of Bomber, Cargo/Transport,

Fighter/Attack, Helicopter, Remotely Piloted Aircraft, Reconnaissance/Battle

Management/C3I, Special Operations, Tanker, Trainer and Other.

13.4.2. Aircraft. Each aircraft model will be described to the level necessary to convey

configuration differences, e.g., EC-135N, KC-135R, F-16CM, F-16B Block 15.

13.4.3. Inventory. The number of aircraft in this model as of the end of the fiscal year will be

provided. If still in production, the planned production buy and current inventory as of the end

of the fiscal year will be reported. Provide the following information for each item listed below:

13.4.3.1. The nomenclature, manufacturer and status of each equipment item for each

Model Design Series.

13.4.3.2. If an update or procurement is in progress, document the current configuration,

the new configuration, its Initial Operational Capability (IOC) date and its expected

completion date by Fiscal Year Quarter.

13.4.3.3. If an item is planned but not funded, do not report it. If an item is in source

selection, report it as to be determined (TBD) and include estimated IOC and completion

dates.

13.4.3.4. If an item is installed only on a portion of the fleet, identify the extent of its

installation (e.g., 20% of fleet).

13.4.3.5. Elaboration of each data element and requests for more detailed information are

provided in the descriptions below. For each item, provide a Point of Contact to address

further questions or clarifications.

13.4.4. Crash Survivable Parametric Recorder (Flight Data Recorder). Report any data

recorder specifically designed to survive an aircraft crash and provide parametric data to a

mishap investigation, e.g., LAS-209F, MU-1003. Additionally, document program’s current

compliance with applicable Air Force requirements contained within Aircraft Information

Programs publications (AFH 63-1402, Aircraft Information Program). For any retrofit

programs in progress, indicate when the retrofit program commenced, the status of the program

(number complete), and what organization is accomplishing the retrofits.

13.4.5. Crash Survivable Acoustic Recorder (Cockpit Voice Recorder). Report any acoustic

recording device specifically designed to survive an aircraft crash and provide evidence to a

mishap investigation, e.g., A90A, VADAR. Additionally, document its compliance with

USAF/SE requirements statement of 1997 for 2-hour recording capability and compliance with

FAA TSO 123a.

13.4.6. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)/Crash Position Indicator (CPI). Report any

devices whose purpose includes alerting Search and Rescue to the location of aircraft wreckage

and/or crew. Document compliance with FAA TSO C-126.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 153

13.4.7. Traffic Alerting and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Identify the generation of

the TCAS system (TCAS I, TCAS II, ETCAS, V7.0 ACAS) or transponder only mode. Also,

identify any Automatic Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems.

13.4.8. Global Positioning System (GPS). Identify either stand-alone receiver or integrated

GPS capability. If integrated into a navigation/avionics suite, then provide information of next

higher-level assembly.

13.4.9. Ground Collision/Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS). Identify the generation of the

GPWS system (First, Second, Third, Fourth, EGPWS, TAWS) and Class (Class A, B, C). If

an additional function of another device, then provide information about the device that

generates the warning, e.g., Flight Control Computer. Document compliance with USAF/XO

Memorandum, Implementation of AF Navigation and Safety Master Plan and Policy

Clarification for GPWS, ADF, and GPS Navigation Systems, 13 March 1997 and FAA TSO

C151b.

13.4.10. Ground Collision Avoidance System (GCAS). For Bomber, Fighter/Attack and

Special Operations aircraft, identify any type of GCAS equipment, or if an additional function

of another device, then provide information about the device that generates the warning or pull-

up command, e.g., GCAS, AGCAS, TFR, TAR.

13.4.11. Windshear Detection System (WDS). If an additional function of another device, then

provide information about the device that provides detection, e.g., FSAS, MARK VII GPWS.

13.4.12. Other Electronic Storage Devices. Identify any other devices that if they survive a

mishap, contain recorded information that could be of use to a mishap investigation. Examples

could be a central computer that stores information on system faults, Head-Up-Display tapes,

Multi-Function Display tapes, Quick Access Recorders, Signal Acquisition Units or a

structural life usage recorder.

13.5. Mishap Response.

13.5.1. General. Pre-mishap response planning by safety staffs must address appropriate

participation in all base-level responses, including:

13.5.1.1. Major mishaps.

13.5.1.2. Hazardous materials mishaps.

13.5.1.3. Natural disasters.

13.5.1.4. Nuclear weapons mishaps.

13.5.1.5. Conventional weapons mishaps.

13.5.1.6. Directed Energy Weapons mishaps.

13.5.2. The basic response planning document for Major Accident Response, Natural

Disasters, Enemy Attack, and Distribution is AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management

Program.

13.5.3. Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The EOC responds to peacetime major

accidents and natural disasters to provide on-scene command and control of Air Force military

resources and functional expertise. The EOC and its members will meet the requirements in

154 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

AFI 10-2501. Note: Ideally, the safety representative to the EOC should not be responsible for

assembling the interim safety board (ISB). (T-2)

13.5.4. Safety Response to Other than Major Peacetime Accidents. Some mishaps may not

warrant a full activation of the Disaster Response Force (DRF). However, the safety staff may

need some EOC elements to support investigation of these less severe incidents, such as

Combat Camera or Civil Engineering Specialists. Each safety staff should consult with their

supporting readiness and emergency management flight to determine how to formally provide

for partial EOC support when the full DRF is not activated.

13.5.5. Munitions Rapid Response Team. The Air Force Life Cycle Management Center

Munitions Sustainment Division (AFLCMC/EBH) has developed a conventional munitions

rapid response team to support Air Force units throughout the world anytime a munitions

incident occurs. The team includes experts (engineers, equipment specialists, program

managers and safety personnel) from associated conventional munitions and commodities

programs. These personnel are able to travel anywhere in the world within 24 to 48 hours to

assist safing the affected system, determining cause of failure, and assessing salvage ability of

the system. If your MAJCOM/FOA/DRU or unit has an incident, and this team’s help is

desired, contact the AFLCMC Munitions Operations and Readiness Branch

(AFLCMC/EBHM) via the Global Ammunition Control Point (GACP) Customer Relationship

Management (CRM) System at https://www.my.af.mil/ammoprod/wm/ to request support

or by calling DSN 312-777-AMMO (2666); DSN 312-775-AMMO (2666); Commercial 801-

777-AMMO (2666) or 801-775-AMMO (2666).

13.6. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA).

13.6.1. JHAs are conducted on all work processes, where appropriate, to identify potential

hazards, determine appropriate PPE and include preventative measures in procedures to

mitigate hazards. Part of the JHA process overlaps BE efforts to link tasks to hazards and

identifying Occupational and Environmental Health PPE requirements. The JHA shall involve

BE to avoid duplication of effort and to ensure proper awareness of process changes.

(T-1)Note: A JHA is not required when existing guidance adequately ensures all safety

requirements of an operation or process.

13.6.2. A JHA Guide and worksheet are available at the AF Occupational Safety SharePoint®

website (https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/AFSEC-SEG/Resources). Additional information on

JHAs can be found in OSHA 3071, Job Hazard Analysis.

13.7. Risk Assessment Codes (RAC). Note 1: This instruction is not for use for System Safety

processes. Those are addressed in MIL- STD-882E, DoD Standard Practice for System Safety.

Note 2: AF Bioenvironmental Engineering will refer to the latest version of DAFMAN 48-146,

Occupational Health Program, or DoDI 6055.01, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH)

Program, Appendix to Enclosure 3 – Determining RACs, to determine appropriate health RACs.

Note 3: This instruction is not for use to determine Fire Safety Deficiencies (FSDs). FSDs are

addressed in AFI 32-10141, Planning and Programming Fire Safety Deficiency Correction

Projections.

13.7.1. Risk Assessment Codes are an expression of the degree of risk associated with a hazard

that combines hazard severity and mishap probability into a single numeric identifier. RACs

are tools used by fire, safety and health professionals and commanders to prioritize abatement

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 155

plans and mitigate hazards. It may not be possible to assign a RAC to every hazard or

circumstance and the lack of a RAC should not dissuade efforts to mitigate hazards.

13.7.1.1. This instruction describes the basic RACs and provides some guidelines for

assigning priorities based on cost, effectiveness and exposure. The discipline specific

chapters also provide additional guidance for assessing the risks of the applicable hazards.

13.7.1.2. Risk Assessment Codes. Only qualified occupational safety, fire and/or health

personnel shall assign a RAC to each hazard after an evaluation of the concern. (T-2)

13.7.1.3. RACs can be applied to hazards that are not necessarily considered occupational

hazards, but where the RAC is appropriate to ensure CE prioritizes the work to abate the

hazard(s), e.g., military working dogs kennels that pose a hazard to the animals and AF

owned playgrounds where liability to the AF is possible in the case of injury or death.

13.7.2. Safety and fire RACs are determined by plotting the probability (A, B, C or D) that a

mishap will occur and the potential mishap severity (I, II, III or IV) if it does happen (Table

13.1.). FSDs will not be assigned a RAC. Fire safety deficiencies are addressed in AFI 32-

10141, Planning and Programming Fire Safety Deficiency Correction Projects.

Table 13.1. Safety and Ergonomic Hazard Risk Assessment Code Matrix.

Description

Code

Likely to occur

immediately

Probably will

occur in time

Possible to

occur in

time

Unlikely to

occur

Death, permanent total disability,

or loss of facility or asset of

$2,500,000 or more

Critical/Imminent

2 Serious

4 Minor

Permanent partial disability or

major property damage of

$600,000 up to $2,500,000

Critical/Imminent

2 Serious

3 Moderate

4 Minor

Lost workday injury or

compensable injury, or minor

property damage $60,000 up to

$600,000

III

2 Serious

3 Moderate

4 Minor

Negligible

Injury involving first aid or minor

supportive medical treatment, a

minimal threat to personnel or

property (damage up to $60,000),

or a violation of a standard

4 Minor

5 Negligible

Negligible

13.7.3. Health-related RACs are determined by plotting the health hazard severity and illness

probability categories. For health RAC tables, reference DAFMAN 48-146.

13.7.3.1. DELETED

13.7.3.2. DELETED

13.7.4. Commanders will consider this RAC system when determining which hazards/

deficiencies warrant the expenditure of limited resources. (T-2)

156 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

13.7.5. Assigned RACs 1-3 will be tracked in the installation master hazard abatement plan.

RACs 4 and 5 will be tracked IAW locally prescribed processes. All RACs will be tracked

until completely abated. (T-2)

13.8. Abatement Priority Number (APN).

13.8.1. The APN is a two-part code: the RAC and the Cost Effectiveness Index (CEI). CEI

measures cost effectiveness of a hazard abatement project and represents a ratio of the project

cost and its potential effectiveness. The APN will be used to determine the relative priority of

abatement actions. Use the APN in establishing funding priorities for hazard abatement

projects during the budgetary cycle. Compute APN:

13.8.1.1. Step 1. Determine RAC from Table 13.1, based on mishap severity and

probability of occurrence. (T-2)

13.8.1.2. Step 2. Determine the severity probability multiplier (M) from the matrix in

Table 13.2 using the same severity and probability used to determine the RAC. (T-2)

Table 13.2. Severity and Probability Multiplier Matrix.

Probability

Severity

188

III

0.26

13.8.1.3. Step 3. Determine exposure I, or the average number of personnel exposed daily

to the hazard during the course of the year. (T-2)

13.8.1.4. Step 4. Determine the total abatement project cost (C). (T-2) If actual costs are

not known, use best available estimate.

13.8.1.5. Step 5. Compute the CEI by dividing the C for abatement by the product of M

and E, or CEI = C/ (M) (E). (T-2)

13.8.1.6. Step 6. Determine APN by listing the RAC followed by the CEI in parenthesis,

or APN = RAC (CEI). (T-2)

13.8.1.7. Step 7. Determine relative priority of abatement projects by comparing the CEI

of projects within identical RACs. (T-2) Note: The lower the CEI, the higher its relative

priority within the same RAC.

13.8.2. To use APNs to establish a priority list of projects, follow these steps:

13.8.2.1. Step 1. Determine RAC. (T-2) Assumptions: Given a hazard that will probably

occur in time (Probability B) and would result in a permanent partial disabling injury

(Severity II) if it resulted in a mishap. Therefore, the assigned RAC from Table 13.1 would

be 2.

13.8.2.2. Step 2. Determine multiplier (M). (T-2) Plot mishap probability (B) versus

hazard severity (II) on to obtain a multiplier of 21.

13.8.2.3. Step 3. Determine exposure (E). (T-2)Assumption: The functional manager or

supervisor determined that on an average day 25 people are exposed to the hazard.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 157

13.8.2.4. Step 4. Determine the total cost of project (C). (T-2) Example: The total cost of

the project to abate the hazard as provided to the functional manager by CE is $2,100.

13.8.2.5. Step 5. Determine CEI. (T-2)CEI = C/ (M) (E); (M) (E) = 21x25, therefore CEI

= 2100/ (21) (25) = 4.

13.8.2.6. Step 6. Determine APN. (T-2) APN will be (RAC) (CEI) = (2) (4).

13.8.2.7. Step 7. Determine relative priority. (T-2) The APN will now be used to prioritize

this project in relation to other RAC 2s for which APNs have been computed. A

hypothetical priority listing containing this project is shown in Table 13.3.

Table 13.3. Abatement Priority Number Index.

RAC

CEI

APN

Priority

(3)

1(3)

(113)

1(113)

(4)

2(4)

(15)

2(15)

(11)

3(11)

(96)

3(96)

Note: The APN system is not used to compare projects of two different RACs.

13.9. Preparation of Safety Risk Assessments. A risk assessment succinctly documents the

results of several steps in the risk management process and supports follow-on decision-making

processes. A suggested risk assessment layout is show in Figure 13.4.

Figure 13.4. Sample Risk Assessment Layout and Guidance.

Risk Assessment Title

1. Background: Broadly describe the situation being evaluated. Provide sufficient detail so

the remainder of the risk assessment may be easily understood.

2. Hazard Identification: Accurately and succinctly describe the hazard (e.g., deficiency

with engineering design, material, quality, software, operations, maintenance) being analyzed.

3. Initial Risk: Using quantitative (preferred) and qualitative (alternate) means, identify the

probability and severity of a mishap that could result from the hazard, based upon the exposure

of personnel or assets to the identified hazard. Use the baseline or “as designed” state as the

basis for determining the initial risk. Fully explain the methodology used, data considered (e.g.,

reported mishaps/events, deficiency reports, test results, etc.) and rationale for determining

initial risk.

4. Interim Risk: Many times, initial mitigation steps have already been taken prior to the

completion of a written risk assessment. These steps may include permanent risk mitigation

measures or temporary stop-gap risk mitigation measures. Describe these measures and explain

how the initial risk is being mitigated, their effectiveness and the resulting interim risk until

final risk mitigating options can be implemented.

5. Risk Mitigation Options: It is likely several options still exist to mitigate the risk of the

identified hazard. Effective control measures reduce or eliminate one of the three components

(i.e., probability, severity or exposure) of risk. Investigate specific strategies and tools that

reduce, mitigate or eliminate risk. Address each risk mitigation option separately. One option

158 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

to always consider is “taking no further action” which is the equivalent of accepting the initial

risk and acknowledging and accepting projected future losses.

6. For each option, including accepting the initial risk, address:

Description: Describe the option being evaluated.

Impact: Describe the impact of this option. What are its benefits; limitations?

Address its effectiveness and explain how it will eliminate or control future losses. Does it

address other hazards/problems or introduce new ones?

Cost: Estimate the costs (i.e., financial, operational, maintenance) to implement this option.

Schedule: Estimated timeline needed to implement this option.

Target Risk: Great risk mitigation options eliminate hazards and their risk entirely; others

only reduce the risk. Assuming this risk mitigation option is implemented; identify the

probability and severity of a mishap that could result from the hazard based upon the exposure

of personnel or assets to the identified hazard. Fully explain the methodology used (including

analytical assumptions and limitations), data considered, and rationale for determining the

target risk.

Projected Losses: Estimate the projected losses with implementation of this option. Projected

losses quantify the probability of occurrence for a given exposure. Express losses over a period

of time, a number of events, number of flight hours, for a given population, etc. as appropriate.

Fully explain the methodology used, data considered and rationale for determining these

projected losses. Note: If qualitative means were used to determine the probability levels, a

qualitative description of projected future losses may also be used. The projected future losses

should not simply state the MIL-STD-882, or other applicable standard, qualitative probability

levels. Instead, include the proposed exposure and effect of mitigations as appropriate (i.e.,

operating restrictions, remaining life of asset, limited period of test, etc.) to describe and

substantiate the projected future losses.

7. Summary of Options: If the number of risk mitigation options is lengthy, a tabular

summary may be appropriate. Include, as necessary.

8. Recommendation: State the recommended courses of action, including rationale.

9. Endorsements: Document the program office’s preparation and review of the risk

assessment by providing dates, signature blocks and signatures for the risk assessment’s

author, the System Safety Manager, the Chief Engineer, and the Program Manager.

13.10. Safety Release.

13.10.1. Requirements.

13.10.1.1. The Program Manager shall provide a safety release for the system prior to each

developmental and operational test involving personnel. (T-3) The safety release must

identify the known environment, safety and occupational health (ESOH) hazards that may

affect the test and their associated risk acceptance. (T-3) A Safety Release provides the

Test and Evaluation community the known system-related ESOH hazards prior to exposing

people, equipment or the environment. The safety release must transmit system ESOH

hazard data to the operators, maintainers, trainers and testers. (T-3) Test organizations use

the safety release and other relevant data, documents and expertise to assess, further

mitigate and accept test risks as appropriate. Refer to the Defense Acquisition Guidebook,

DoDI 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, MIL-STD-882E, DoD

Standard Practice for System Safety, and AFMAN 63-119, Certification of System

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 159

Readiness for Dedicated Operational Testing, for additional information. As a minimum,

the safety release will contain: (T-1)

13.10.1.1.1. Known hazards and mitigation actions/measures identified and tracked by

the program office (e.g., master hazard list, Safety Assessment Report, SSG tracked

hazards, previous test identified hazards, airworthiness analysis/certificates).

13.10.1.1.2. A cover letter or equivalent by the PM stating the item/system is safe to

test given known hazards and mitigating measures, signed by the appropriate

acquisition risk acceptance authority (A16.1.2).

13.10.1.2. The PM shall document that the associated risks have been accepted by the

appropriate acquisition acceptance authorities as specified in DoDI 5000.02. (T-2) The

user representative shall be part of this process throughout the life cycle and shall provide

formal concurrence prior to all serious- and high-risk acceptance decisions. (T-2)

13.10.2. Format. The AFSEC recommended format for a safety release is provided in Figure

13.5.

Figure 13.5. Safety Release Letter (Example).

MEMORANDUM FOR [Test Organization(s)] [Date] FROM: [Organization/Office Symbol]

[Organizational Address]

SUBJECT: [Program Name] [Specific Activity, (e.g., RDT&E, FDE, OA, OT&E)] Safety

Release

Ref: DoDI 5000.02, Operations of Defense Acquisition Systems [include any system safety

and programmatic documentation (e.g., SSHA, SAR, PESHE) used to prepare this document]

1. Purpose. [State the purpose of the program, services involved, which service has lead,

which office has been designated at the Program Office lead. State what time

frame/operations/testing this safety release will cover.]

2. System Description. [Give a brief system description with the name, type, model

number/designation, software version and the system mission (as applicable). Indicate how the

system/materiel works and/or how it will be used/worn/operated.]

3. Discussion. [Discuss sources of data and summarize the open, mitigated and unmitigated

ESOH hazards affecting this safety release. Provide the resultant risk level of those hazards.

Provide which user representative(s) are/were a part of this process and have/will provide

formal concurrence prior to all serious- and high-risk acceptance decisions.]

4. Conclusions/Recommendations. [Indicate whether the system is safe for testing and whether

or not there are any exceptions that need to be detailed. Highlight any known safety problems

requiring additional investigation during test. List any technical or operational limitations or

precautions needed to prevent injury or equipment/property/environmental damage.]

[Org/office] must be immediately notified of any safety related anomalies regarding the use of

the system under test.

5. Point of Contact (POC). The POC is [Program Manager (and System Safety Manager, as

required), office symbol(s), DSN and Commercial phone numbers, e-mail address(es).]

[Signature]

[Signature block of appropriate risk acceptance authority] [Number of attachments]

Attachments

160 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

1. [List of the appropriate attachments/documents used to support this safety release] Distro:

[List the organizations/office symbols of the user representatives and testing organizations

which will require/coordinate this safety release]

AFSEC/[XX]

AFOTEC/SE [or MAJCOM-FLDCOM/SE, if an FDE]

AFMC/SES [LDTO]

[User]

13.11. Launch Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report (SDAR).

13.11.1. Delivery Requirements Note: SDAR delivery will be IAW the requirements

specified below. The normal schedule is:

13.11.1.1. Preliminary Design Review (PDR) draft SDAR: 30 days prior to the program

or project PDR or equivalent program/project development milestone. The program

manager (PM) receives the draft document and distributes it to the Chief Engineer and

Safety Office and other offices as required. The purpose of preparing the report early in the

design and development process is to ensure early identification of orbital debris issues

when resolutions are least costly to implement. Any orbital debris mitigation compliance

issues not resolved by the PDR require resolution no later than the Critical Design Review

(CDR) or equivalent program/project development milestone.

13.11.1.2. CDR Draft SDAR: 45 days prior to the program or project CDR or equivalent

program/project development milestone. The purpose of the CDR draft is to update and

clarify the issues and changes to the PDR Draft. The PM will submit the CDR draft for

review and concurrence to the Center-level (or equivalent) Chief Engineer, both the Center-

level and NAF-level (or equivalent) Safety Offices, and any other offices as required.

13.11.1.3. Final Launch Vehicle SDAR. The PM will submit the Final Launch Vehicle

(LV) SDAR 30 days prior to the launch approval process (Air Force Operational Readiness

Review, Flight Readiness Review or equivalent) for approval and signature by the

appropriate acquisition authorities (PEO or equivalent, or designated approving official).

Prior to final SDAR approval, the Center (or equivalent) technical and safety subject matter

expert will independently review the final pre-launch SDAR. In addition, in the event of

non-compliance requiring user concurrence on risk acceptance, the MAJCOM/FLDCOM

(or equivalent) technical and/or safety subject matter expert will also review the final PRE-

launch SDAR/EOLP prior to approval. Note: SDARs are not required for suborbital

missions.

13.11.2. Format Note: Each LV SDAR will follow the format shown in Table 13.4 below,

and, at a minimum, include the content indicated.

Table 13.4. SDAR Format.

Cover and Front Matter

Cover showing the document version and date of delivery.

Inside cover signed by (at a minimum): document preparer(s), program management, Chief Engineer,

and Safety Office reviewers.

Statement of any restrictions on the data in the SDAR, such as proprietary, International Traffic in

Arms Regulations, or export controls. If the document does not contain any restrictions, then include a

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 161

statement to that effect. If the document does contain restricted information, then summarize and

clearly mark on the page(s) where it occurs and on the cover.

The document history page shows each version of the report. This page will include reviews of the

previous versions by the Chief Engineer or Safety Office.

Section 1: Program Management and Mission Overview

a. Identification of the program sponsoring the mission and the PM.

b. Identification of any mission partners’ participation in the program and a summary of the DAF’s

responsibility under the governing agreement(s).

c. Schedule of mission design and development milestones through proposed launch date, including

preliminary design review and critical design review (or equivalent) dates.

d. Summary table indicating compliance or noncompliance with each debris mitigation requirement of

DoDI 3100.12, United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices (USG

ODMSP) and this instruction.

e. Brief description of the mission.

f. Identification of the anticipated launch site.

g. Identification of the proposed launch date and mission duration.

h. Description of the launch and deployment profile, including all parking, transfer, and operational

orbits with apogee, perigee, and inclination.

i. Identification of all launch vehicle orbital stages and all other launch vehicle released objects (> 5

mm in diameter), including their orbital parameters, following insertion of the spacecraft into a mission

orbit or into an Earth escape orbit.

j. Identification of any interaction or potential physical interference with other operational spacecraft.

Section 2: Spacecraft Description

a. Brief physical description of the spacecraft, including spacecraft bus, payload, and all appendages,

such as solar arrays, antennas, and instrument or attitude control booms.

b. Illustration of the entire spacecraft in the mission operation configuration.

c. Total spacecraft mass at launch, including all propellants and fluids.

d. Dry mass of spacecraft at launch, excluding solid rocket motor propellants.

e. Description of all propulsion systems (cold gas, monopropellant, bipropellant, electric, nuclear).

f. Identification of any radioactive materials on board.

Section 3: Launch Vehicle ,Description

a. Identification of launch vehicle used.

b. Identification of any upper stages used.

c. Identification of any launch vehicle stage identified for permanent insertion into Earth orbit.

d. Dry mass of each orbital stage after spacecraft deployment.

e. Detailed illustration of each orbital stage.

Section 4: Launch Vehicle Debris Released during Normal Operations Assessment

a. List of any object(s) greater than 5 mm identified for release into Earth orbit from any stage,

including, but not limited to, dual payload attachment fittings and stage separation devices.

b. Rationale/necessity for release of each object.

c. Time of release of each object, relative to launch time.

d. Release velocity of each object with respect to orbital stage.

e. Expected orbital parameters (apogee, perigee, and inclination) of each object after release.

f. Calculated orbital lifetime of each debris object until reentry.

g. Assessment of launch vehicle compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

162 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Section 5: Launch Vehicle Potential for Explosions and Intentional Breakups Assessment

a. Identification of all potential causes of launch vehicle orbital stage breakup during operations,

including during and after passivation.

b. Summary of failure modes and effects analyses (or equivalent analyses) of all credible failure modes

which may lead to an orbital stage accidental explosion.

c. Detailed plan for any designed orbital stage breakup, including explosions and intentional collisions.

d. Detailed plan, under normal end of life conditions and deployment malfunction scenario, for

passivating each orbital stage, including the depletion of residual propellants and fluids as thoroughly

as possible.

e. Assessment of launch vehicle compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 6: Launch Vehicle Potential for On-Orbit Collisions Assessment

a. Calculation of each orbital stage probability of collision with known space objects larger than 10 cm

in diameter during the orbital lifetime. For the assessment of collision probability, the orbital lifetime is

defined as the time from end of launch collision avoidance to atmospheric reentry. The maximum time

period for the assessment is 100 years. The reduction in probability of collision achieved by on-orbit

collision avoidance performed by each orbital stage may be included in this assessment.

b. Assessment of launch vehicle compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 7: Launch Vehicle Post-Mission Disposal Plans and Procedures Assessment

a. Description of orbital stage disposal option selected.

b. Plan for any orbital stage maneuvers required to accomplish disposal after end of orbital stage

mission.

c. Calculation of area-to-mass ratio after completion of all orbital stage operations, including disposal

maneuvers, if the controlled reentry option not selected.

d. Procedure for executing orbital stage disposal plan, including timeline from final shutdown of each

orbital stage to completion of passivation and disposal operations. This includes, but not limited to

burning residual propellants to depletion, venting propellant lines and tanks, venting pressurized

systems, discharging batteries and preventing recharging, depressurizing gas and liquid filled batteries,

deactivating flight safety systems and de-energizing control moment gyroscopes.

e. Demonstration of reliability of orbital stage disposal operations.

f. Assessment of launch vehicle compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 8: Launch Vehicle Reentry Hazards Assessment

Note: If a reentry hazard assessment already exists for an orbital stage, refer to that report and make

any necessary adjustments for orbital inclination and year of reentry.

a. Detailed description of launch vehicle components by size, mass, material, and shape, if atmospheric

reentry option selected.

b. Summary of objects expected to survive an uncontrolled reentry, specifying software tool(s) used for

the analysis (such as NASA Debris Assessment Software, NASA Object Reentry Survival Analysis

Tool, or comparable software).

c. Calculation of expectation of human casualty for the expected year of reentry and the orbital stage

inclination.

d. If appropriate, preliminary plan for launch vehicle controlled reentry.

e. Assessment of launch vehicle compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 163

Section 9: Reference List

a. Complete reference list of cited material, analysis, requirements, and a list of acronyms.

13.11.3. Review. Note: The Center Chief Engineer in coordination with the Center Safety

Office will review each SDAR delivered and provide recommendations for improvements to

the PM.

13.12. Combined Space Vehicle Space Debris Assessment Report/End-of-Life Plan

(SDAR/EOLP). Note: The SDAR/EOLP will be a living document that evolves with the

program.

13.12.1. Delivery Requirements. Note: Deliver IAW the requirements specified below. The

normal schedule is:

13.12.1.1. Preliminary Design Review (PDR) draft SDAR/EOLP: 30 days prior to the

program or project PDR or equivalent program/project development milestone. The PM

receives the draft document and distributes it to the Chief Engineer and Safety Office, and

other offices as required. The purpose of preparing the report early in the design and

development process is to ensure early identification of orbital debris issues when

resolutions are least costly to implement. Any orbital debris mitigation compliance issues

not resolved by the PDR require resolution no later than the Critical Design Review (CDR)

or equivalent program/project development milestone.

13.12.1.2. CDR Draft SDAR/EOLP: 45 days prior to program CDR for the spacecraft or

equivalent program/project development milestone. The PM will submit the preliminary

draft for review and concurrence to the Center-level (or equivalent) Chief Engineer, both

the Center-level and NAF-level (or equivalent) Safety Offices, and any other offices as

required.

13.12.1.3. Final pre-launch SDAR/EOLP. The PM will submit the final pre-launch

SDAR/EOLP 30 days prior to the launch approval process (Air Force Operational

Readiness Review, Final Readiness Review, or equivalent) for approval and signature by

the appropriate acquisition authorities (PEO or equivalent, or designated approving

official). Prior to final SDAR approval, the Center (or equivalent) technical and safety

subject matter expert will independently review the final pre-launch SDAR. In addition, in

the event of non-compliances requiring user concurrence on risk acceptance, the

MAJCOM/FLDCOM (or equivalent) technical and/or safety SME will also review the final

pre-launch SDAR/EOLP prior to approval. The program office PM will provide the

operational organization that will assume satellite control authority with a copy of the final

SDAR/EOLP prior to the Operational Readiness Review or Final Readiness Review. Note:

SDARs are not required for suborbital missions.

13.12.1.4. The operating unit shall update the SDAR/EOLP at the major program

operational milestones identified in the SDAR/EOLP. Updates shall have the following

title: [date] Update to the SDAR/EOLP.

13.12.1.5. Develop/deliver the final operational SDAR/EOLP IAW USSTRATCOM and

Air Force operational guidance.

13.12.1.6. The Center/NAF/Wing-level (or equivalent) technical and safety SMEs will

independently review each SDAR/EOLP developed/delivered IAW this instruction. (T-3)

164 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

13.12.2. Contents of SDAR/EOLP. Note: Table 13.5 below parenthetically identifies the data

added during operations; the required assessments will reflect achieved operational orbit

parameters and on-orbit state of the spacecraft.

Table 13.5. Contents of SDAR/EOLP.

Combined SDAR/EOLP Cover and Front Matter

Cover showing the document version and date of delivery

Inside cover signed by (at a minimum): document preparer(s), program management, Chief

Engineer, and Safety Office reviewers.

Statement of any restrictions on the data in the SDAR/EOLP such as proprietary, International

Traffic in Arms Regulations, or export controls. If the document does not contain any

restrictions, then include a statement to that effect. If the document does contain restricted

information, then summarize and clearly mark on the page(s) where it occurs and on the cover.

The document history page shows each version of the report. This page will include reviews of

the previous versions by the Chief Engineer or Safety Office.

Section 1: Program Management and Mission Overview

a. Identification of the program sponsoring the mission and the PM.

b. Identification of any mission partners’ participation in the program and a summary of the Air Force’s

responsibility under the governing agreement(s).

c. Schedule of mission design and development milestones through proposed launch date, including

spacecraft PDR and CDR (or equivalent) dates.

d. Schedule of mission operational milestones from launch through end of life.

e. Summary table indicating compliance or noncompliance with each debris mitigation requirement of

DoDI 3100.12, USG ODMSP and this instruction.

f. Brief description of the mission.

g. Description of operational orbits with apogee, perigee, and inclination.

h. Chronology of management reviews of the EOLP to include changes in spacecraft operability, which

may affect the ability to passivate and dispose per the plan in Section 6 of the EOLP.

i. Identification of the anticipated launch vehicle and launch site.

j. Identification of the proposed launch date and mission duration.

k. Identification of all released objects (> 5 mm in any dimension), including their orbital parameters

following insertion of the spacecraft into a mission orbit or into an Earth escape orbit.

l. Identification of any interaction or potential physical interference with other operational

spacecraft.

Section 2: Spacecraft Description

a. Physical description of the spacecraft, including spacecraft bus, payload, and all appendages, such as

solar arrays, antennas, and instrument or attitude control booms.

b. Detailed illustration of the entire spacecraft in the mission operation configuration.

c. Total spacecraft mass at launch, including all propellants and fluids.

d. Dry mass of spacecraft at launch, excluding solid rocket motor propellants.

e. Total mass of post-passivation spacecraft, including all propellants and fluids.

f. Description of all propulsion systems (cold gas, monopropellant, bipropellant, electric, nuclear).

g. Identification, including mass and pressure, of all fluids (liquids and gases) planned to be on-board

during mission, including end-of-life maneuvers.

h. Description of all fluid systems, including size, type, and qualifications of fluid containers such as

propellant and pressurization tanks.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 165

i. Description of all active and/or passive attitude control systems with an indication of the normal

attitude of the spacecraft with respect to the velocity vector.

j. Description of any range safety or other pyrotechnic devices.

k. Description of the electrical generation and storage system.

l. Identification of any other sources of stored energy not noted above.

m. Identification of any radioactive materials on board.

n. Table of the following on board the spacecraft at time of issue of SDAR/EOLP version,

expected at commencement of passivation, and expected at completion of passivation. (Data to

be updated during operations.)

Fluids

Pyrotechnic devices

Electrical generation and storage system

Identification of any other sources of stored energy not noted above

Any radioactive materials

o. List of changes in the propulsion systems and energy systems which have occurred since launch.

Include a detailed illustration of the entire spacecraft in the EOL configuration. (Data added during

operations.)

p. Status of the major systems on board the spacecraft, including any changes in redundancy.

(Data added during operations.)

Section 3: Spacecraft Debris Released On-orbit Assessment

a. Identification of any object (>5 mm in any dimension) expected to release from the spacecraft any

time after launch, including object dimensions, mass, and material.

b. Rationale/necessity for release of each object.

c. Time of release of each object.

d. Release velocity of each object with respect to spacecraft.

e. Expected orbital parameters (apogee, perigee, and inclination) of each object after release.

f. Calculated orbital lifetime of each object, including time spent in low earth orbit.

g. Assessment of spacecraft compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 4: Spacecraft Potential for Explosions and Intentional Breakups Assessment

a. Identification of all potential causes of spacecraft breakup, including during and after passivation.

b. Summary of failure modes and effects analyses (or equivalent analyses) of all credible

failure modes which may lead to an accidental explosion.

c. Detailed plan for any designed spacecraft breakup, including explosions and intentional collisions.

d. List of components identified for passivation at end of life, including method of passivation.

e. Rationale for all items identified for passivation but not designed to be passivated.

f. Assessment of spacecraft compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 5: Spacecraft Potential for On-orbit Collisions Assessment

a. Calculation of spacecraft probability of collision with known space objects larger than 10 cm in

diameter during the orbital lifetime. For the assessment of collision probability, the orbital lifetime is

defined as the time from end of launch collision avoidance to atmospheric reentry. The maximum time

period for the assessment is 100 years. The reduction in probability of collision achieved by on-orbit

collision avoidance performed by the space vehicle may be included in this assessment.

b. Identification of all systems or components required to accomplish any post-mission disposal

operation, including passivation, and maneuvering.

166 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

c. Calculation of spacecraft probability of collision with space objects, including orbital debris and

meteoroids, of sufficient size to prevent post-mission disposal.

d. Assessment of spacecraft compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 6: Spacecraft Post-mission Disposal Plans and Procedures Assessment

a. Demonstration of reliability of post-mission disposal operations.

b. Description of spacecraft disposal option selected.

c. Plan for any spacecraft maneuvers required to accomplish post-mission disposal.

d. Calculation of area-to-mass ratio after post-mission disposal, if controlled reentry option not

selected.

e. Procedure for executing post-mission disposal plan.

f. Detailed plan for passivation of the spacecraft, including the depletion of residual propellants and

fluids as thoroughly as possible, the disabling of charging circuits, and the de-energizing of rotational

energy sources. This includes, but not limited to burning residual propellants to depletion, venting

propellant lines and tanks, venting pressurized systems, discharging batteries and preventing

recharging, depressurizing gas and liquid filled batteries, deactivating flight safety systems, and de-

energizing control moment gyroscopes.

g. Assessment of spacecraft compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG

ODMSP and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 7: Spacecraft Reentry Hazards Assessment

a. Detailed description of spacecraft components by size, mass, material, and shape, if atmospheric

reentry option selected.

b. Summary of objects expected to survive an uncontrolled reentry, specifying software tool(s) used for

the analysis (such as NASA Debris Assessment Software, NASA Object Reentry Survival Analysis

Tool, or comparable software).

c. Calculation of expectation of human casualty for the expected year of reentry and the spacecraft

orbital inclination.

d. If appropriate, preliminary plan for spacecraft controlled reentry.

e. Assessment of spacecraft compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG ODMSP

and this instruction, and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 8: Tether Missions Assessment

a. Type of tether (e.g., momentum, electrodynamic).

b. Description of tether system, including (1) tether length, diameter, materials, and design (single

strand, ribbon, multi-strand mesh) and (2) end-mass size and mass remaining at EOL.

c. Determination of minimum size of object that will cause tether severance.

d. Tether mission plan, including duration and post-mission disposal.

e. Probability of tether colliding with large space objects.

f. Probability of tether severance during mission or after post-mission disposal.

g. Maximum orbital lifetime of a severed tether fragment.

h. Assessment of compliance with the relevant paragraphs of DoDI 3100.12, USG ODMSP

and the rationale for any non-compliances.

Section 9: Reference List

a. Complete reference list of cited material, analysis, requirements, and a list of acronyms.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 167

13.12.3. Review. Note: The Center Chief Engineer in coordination with the Center Safety

Office will review each SDAR/FOLP delivered and provide recommendations for

improvements to the PM.

168 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Chapter 14

SAFETY TRAINING

14.1. Job Safety Training Outline.

14.1.1. Training Requirements. Supervisors will provide and document safety training to all

newly assigned individuals (i.e., PCS, PCA or work center change to include deployment) on

the hazards of their job before they start work and immediately when there is a change in

equipment, processes, work environment or safety, fire and health requirements. Refresher

training will be conducted and documented when employees demonstrate a lack of

understanding of their required safety responsibilities or training such as is called for in

AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 21, Hazardous Energy Control, has a specified frequency for

recurrence. (T-1)

14.1.1.1. Supervisors will review and update the JSTO annually and/or when there is a

change in equipment, processes or safety, fire and health requirements, to include

procedural input as a result of a completed JHA. JSTO reviews will be accomplished by

the supervisor and documented with the date of review and the person conducting the

review. Safety, fire protection and health personnel will provide technical assistance to

supervisors in developing a training outline to meet AFI/AFOSH requirements. JSTOs will

be reviewed by safety inspectors during the scheduled safety assessment. (T-1)

14.1.1.2. Document safety, fire and health training as specified in paragraph 1.6.28.1.

Documentation will be maintained by the supervisor within the work center. (T-2)

14.1.1.3. Designated Employee Representatives. The civilian personnel flight will

schedule and monitor safety, fire protection and health training for employee

representatives. (T-0)Upon request, coordinate training for designated representatives of

civilian employees to assist in maintaining safe and healthful workplaces. The extent of

such training will depend on local needs, but can typically be met by attendance at

Supervisor Safety Training.

14.1.1.4. General Safety Education and Training Courses are listed in paragraph 14.3.

Supervisors/instructors will document employee training. (T-2) Documentation may be

accomplished using the AF Form 1286, Safety Education/Training Roster, or equivalent

product.

14.1.2. Mandatory Items. The Job Safety Training Outline will be developed and used by

supervisors to instruct all employees on work place specific hazards upon initial assignment and

when work conditions or tasks change. The items below are mandatory, minimum topics the

supervisor must ensure their employees receive training on prior to performing tasks in the work

center. Topics addressed by other sources can be directly referenced in the JSTO to prevent

redundancy and still adequately cover the required topics. Document training as specified in

paragraph 1.6.28.7.1. Deployed and installation commanders may dictate more stringent

requirements. (T-1)

14.1.2.1. Describe hazards of the job that apply to their work place. (T-1)

14.1.2.1.1. Specific hazards such as crushing hazards, burn hazards, chemical

exposure, ladder use and falls, etc.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 169

14.1.2.1.2. Hazards in the work environment such as flight line issues, weather

hazards, loud noises in the shop, etc.

14.1.2.1.3. Applicable safety guidance such as TOs, job guides, JHAs, manufacturer’s

instructions, etc.

14.1.2.1.4. Describe hierarchal controls used to reduce hazard potential of these work

place hazards IAW the following concepts (Refer to AFMAN 48-146 and AFPAM 90-

803 for additional and detailed guidance):

14.1.2.1.4.1. Elimination. (T-1)

14.1.2.1.4.2. Engineering controls. (T-1)

14.1.2.1.4.3. Substitution.(T-1)

14.1.2.1.4.4. Administrative controls. (T-1)

14.1.2.2. Required use of PPE as determined by a JHA, requirements directed by TO, job

order or instruction, recommendations from the safety office and BE.

14.1.2.2.1. Training must include donning, doffing, cleaning, maintaining, storing and

disposal of PPE.

14.1.2.2.2. Personnel who wear contact lens or have medical conditions or take

medications that may affect the use or wear of PPE will be reminded that they must

notify their supervisor immediately. (See paragraph 1.6.29.1.).

14.1.2.3. Emergency action and fire prevention plans applicable to the work place; refer

to emergency management plans for additional information. Location and use of

emergency and fire protection equipment (i.e. alarms, AEDs and extinguishers) will also

be addressed. (T-1)

14.1.2.4. Requirements for reporting unsafe equipment, conditions or procedures to

supervisor immediately. Procedures must include notification to employees that reporting

unsafe conditions or work related injury or illnesses can be reported without fear of

retaliation. (T-0)

14.1.2.4.1. Purpose and location of AF Form 457, USAF Hazard Report. (T-1)

14.1.2.4.2. Purpose and means to access the ASAP process. (T-1)

14.1.2.5. Requirements and procedures for reporting mishaps, occupational injury,

occupational illness, and OSHA recordable events such as: minimum stress and strain,

terrorist acts, and work place violence without fear of coercion, discrimination or reprisal.

(T-1)

14.1.2.5.1. Address specific requirements for on- and off-duty regular Air Force

employees and on-duty only for civilians.

14.1.2.5.2. Location of medical facilities and procedures for obtaining treatment. (T-1)

14.1.2.5.3. Emergency procedures which apply to the work center:

14.1.2.5.4. Means to summon emergency service, i.e. 911, on-base number for cell

phones, etc.

170 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

14.1.2.5.5. Evacuation routes and meet-up points.

14.1.2.5.6. Shelter in place locations.

14.1.2.5.7. Active shooter response methods.

14.1.2.6. Purpose and location of the CA-10, What a Federal Employee Should do When

Injured at Work and Form LS-201, Notice of Employee’s Injury or Death (Non-

Appropriated Funds), if applicable. (T-1)

14.1.2.7. Requirements of Air Force Traffic Safety Program (Reference: AFI 91-207).

Include mandatory use of seat belts and helmets, speed limits, local traffic hazards, spotters

while backing and vehicle training requirements. Additionally, brief

prohibition/restrictions on use of electronic devices while operating vehicles on- or off-

base and discuss motorcycle safety training requirements before riding a motorcycle. (T-1)

14.1.2.8. Location and content of Air Force Visual Aid (AFVA) 91-209, Air Force

Occupational Safety and Health Program. (T-1)

14.1.2.9. AFSMS Responsibilities, discuss how leaders, supervisors and airmen will

participate in the unit safety management system and work towards continual

improvement. (See paragraph 13.1.)

14.1.3. Job Specific Training Items. Supervisors will provide specific training based on the

program requirements of the work place, provide application-level training, and document

prior to employee performing task. If the Career Field Education Training Plan (CFETP)

covers a particular training program, then no additional documentation beyond the CFETP is

required. Note: Subjects listed below may not be mandatory for every job, but are dependent

upon the type job/tasks individuals will be performing. Items listed below may not be all

inclusive, refer to specific program requirements. (T-2)

14.1.3.1. Hazardous Energy Control. Reference: 29 CFR §1910.147 and AFMAN 91-203,

Chapter 21, Hazardous Energy Control. (T-2)

14.1.3.2. Hazard Communication. Reference: AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication, and

29 CFR § 1910.1200. (T-2)

14.1.3.3. Bloodborne Pathogens. Reference: 29 CFR § 1910.1030. (T-2)

14.1.3.4. Hearing Conservation. Reference: AFI 48-127, Occupational Noise and Hearing

Conservation Program. (T-2)

14.1.3.5. Confined Space Program (Entrant, Attendant, Supervisor, Monitor and Rescue

Team). Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 23, Confined Spaces, and 29 CFR §

1910.146. (T-2)

14.1.3.6. Manual and Powered Hoists. Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 35, Material

Handling Equipment. (T-2)

14.1.3.7. Respiratory Protection Program. Use AF Form 2767, Occupational Health

Training and Protective Equipment Fit Testing (LRA). Reference: AFI 48-137, Respiratory

Protection Program. (T-2)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 171

14.1.3.8. Vehicle Mounted Elevated Work Platforms, Self-Propelled and Manual

Platforms. Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 16, Mobile Elevating Work Platforms.

(T-2)

14.1.3.9. Fall Arrest System(s). Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 13, Fall Protection,

29 CFR 1910.66 and 29 CFR 1926.503. (T-2)

14.1.3.10. Forklift (Material Handling Equipment). Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter

35, and 29 CFR 1910.178. (T-2)

14.1.3.11. Explosives Safety Training. Reference: AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety

Standards, and this instruction. (T-2)

14.1.3.12. Pole/Tower Climbing. Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 30,

Communication Cable, Antenna and Communication Systems. (T-2)

14.1.3.13. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training. Reference: AFMAN 91-203,

Chapter 1, Introduction. (T-2)

14.1.3.14. Flight Line Driving. Reference: AFMAN 91-203, Chapter 24, Aircraft Flight

Line – Ground Operations and Activities, and other governing directives. (T-2)

14.1.3.15. Fetal Protection Program. Job Specific. Reference: AFMAN 48-146,

Occupational & Environmental Health Program Management. Note: Air Force Reserve

– AFRCI 41-104, Pregnancy of Air Force Reserve Personnel. (T-2)

14.1.3.16. Medical Surveillance Examination (Scheduling, Administration, Reporting and

Follow-up). Reference: AFI 48-145, Occupational and Environmental Health Program.

(T-2)

14.1.3.17. Electromagnetic Field Training (EMF). Reference: AFI 48-109,

Electromagnetic Field Radiation (EMFR) Occupational and Environmental Health

Program. (T-0)

14.1.3.18. Laser Safety Training. Reference: AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation

Protection Program. (T-0)

14.1.3.19. As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Ionizing Radiation Training.

Reference: AFI 48-148, Ionizing Radiation Protection. (T-2)

14.1.4. Documentation of Training. Document training as specified in paragraph 1.6.28.7.1.

(T-0)

14.1.5. Maintenance and Disposition of Training Documentation Product. Maintain as

prescribed by the records disposition schedule

(https://www.my.af.mil/afrims/afrims/afrims/rims.cfm), Table & Rule: T 91 - 04 R 24.00

or T 91 - 04 R 25.00. Supervisors will maintain the training documentation as prescribed in

paragraph 1.6.22.5. When an individual deploys/transfers to another Air Force

position/location, the training documentation will be transferred physically or electronically

by the old supervisor to the individual who will provided the records to the new supervisor

upon arrival to deployed location or new base. The new supervisor will review the training

documentation product, transfer current training completion dates as necessary and initial

Hazardous Communication (HAZCOM) date and other one-time training to a new training

documentation product if necessary and retain the old product IAW the Air Force Records

172 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Disposition Schedule. The supervisor will provide a copy to personnel who separate or retire

and destroy the training documentation product after one year. (T-3)

14.2. Continuing Education and Training Courses.

Table 14.1. Continuing Career Safety Professional Development (Recommended Safety

Courses).

Course Subjects – Topics

Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the General Industry

Occupational Safety and Health for Other Federal Agencies

Introduction to industrial Hygiene for Safety Personnel

Principles of Ergonomics Applied to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Life Safety

National Electric Code 9NEC) Electrical Standards

Collateral Duty Course for other Federal Agencies

Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout – Tagout)

Machinery and Machine Guarding Standards

Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment

Permit-Required Confined Space Entry

OSHA Recordkeeping and Inspections

Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control

Environmental Compliance Assessment

Disaster Site Worker Train-the-Trainer

Evacuation and Emergency Planning

Hazardous Waste Management

Scaffolding, Cranes and Rigging

Excavation and Trenching

Traffic Control Technician

Health Hazard Awareness

Respiratory Protection

Fall Arrest Systems

Voluntary Protection Programs

Risk Management

Advanced Fault Tree Analysis

Software System Safety Analysis

System Safety/Reliability Analysis Course

System Safety Short Courses

Laser/Directed Energy Safety

Hazard Identification and Documentation

Hazard Tracking and Reporting

Risk Assessment Review & Acceptance Process

System Safety Groups

Space Safety Management

Weapon/Explosive Integration onto Weapon Systems

Other (may include management, writing and other courses designed to improve safety professional

management and/or technical skills)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 173

Table 14.2. Continuing Career Safety Professional Development (AFSEC Courses

Awarding Continuing Education Units).

Course

CEUs

Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC)

10.5

Aviation Safety Program Management (ASPM)

3.5

Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA)

7.0

Space Mishap Investigation Course (SMIC)

7.0

Safety Managers Course (SMC)

3.5

Introduction to Mishap Investigation (IMI)

3.5

Risk Management Application and Integration (RM A&I)

2.1

Board President Course (BPC)

2.1

Chief of Safety

2.8

Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety (ARCCoS)

3.3

ACC Occupational Safety Program Management Course (OSPM))

3.3

Human Factors (HF)

2.0

Ammo-47 Air Force Electrical Explosive Safety (44E-F37/645-F21 [MC])

2.9

14.3. Safety Education and Training. Air Force Catalog (AFCAT), USAF Formal Schools

found at the following website https://etca.randolph.af.mil (formerly AFCAT 36-2223), outlines

specific safety-related courses (those listed below with a number designation). Refer to the

AFCAT for full course descriptions and prerequisites. Training in System Safety (CLE 009) is

available from Defense Acquisition University (http://www.dau.mil). Organizations responsible

for course management are indicated next to each course.

Table 14.3. Mishap Investigation.

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

Safety and Accident Investigation Board President Course

(BPC)

AFSC810

AFSEC

Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC)

WCIP05A

AFSEC

Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA) Course

WCIP059

AFSEC

Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP)

Clinical Psychologist

B3OZY42P3 003

AFMC

Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP)

Aerospace Physiologist

B3OZY43A 003

AFMC

Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP)

USAF Medical Investigator (Flight Surgeon)

B3OZY48G3 003

AFMC

Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP) Non-

USAF Medical Investigator (Flight Surgeon or other

physician)

B3OZY48G3 010

AFMC

Life Sciences Equipment Investigation Course (LSEIC)

J3AZR1P071 0L1A

AETC

Table 14.4. Unit Safety Representative (USR).

Course Name

Owning Organization

Developed by AFSEC/SEG or MAJCOM/DRU/FOA

AFSEC

Supplemented with MAJCOM/DRU/FOA/local requirements

MAJCOM/DRU/FOA

174 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Table 14.5. Aviation.

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

Security Assistance Training Program (SATP) –

International Flight Safety Officer (IFSO) Course

WCIP05U

AFSEC

Air Combat Command (ACC) Flight Safety Program

Management Course

3J5ACC1XXXX

000

ACC

DCMA Aviation Safety Officer Course, ASO

DCMA

Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety Course

ARCCOS

ARCCOS 101

AFRC

Aviation Safety Program Manager’s Course

ACC

Inter-European Aviation Safety Program Management

(IEASPM)

USAFEIEASPM

0001

Table 14.6. Occupational.

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

Safety Apprentice

L3ALR1S031 0S2B

AETC

Safety Craftsman

L3ACR1S071 0S2B

AETC

OSHA Training Institute (OTI

AFSEC

National Safety Council (NSC) Safety Training Institute

(Refer to OSHA Training Institute catalog)

AFSEC

Advanced Occupational Safety (Refer to NSC Safety

Training Institute course catalog)

AFSEC

Radiation Safety Officer Course

B6OZW43EXA-

0A1A

ACC Occupational Safety Program Management Course

3J5ACC1S0X1 000

ACC

Table 14.7. Weapons.

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

Weapons Safety Management Course

L3AZR2W071 0C2A

AETC

ACC Weapons Safety Program Management Course

3J5ACC2W0X1 000

ACC

Lightning Protection for Air Force Facilities (AMMO-47

OS)

J5AZB3E051 00AA

Table 14.8. Space.

Course Name

Owning Organization

Space System Safety Course

AFSPC/SMC

Space Safety Course

AFSEC

Space Mishap Investigation Course

AFSEC

Table 14.9. System Safety.

Course Name

Owning Organization

NAVY WISE Course

AFSPC/AFMC

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 175

Course Name

Owning Organization

USC Viterbi School of Engineering (System Safety

Certificate and courses)

AFSEC

Table 14.10. Management.

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

Chief of Safety (COS) Course

WCIP05B

AFSEC

Safety Manager Course (SMC)

WCIP05D

AFSEC

Table 14.11. Risk Management (RM).

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

AF RM Fundamentals Course

ADLS (under Misc.

Courses)

AFSEC

AF RM Application and Integration Course (RM A&I) – on

sight

WCIP 05E

PDS Code WEI

AFSEC

Table 14.12. Other.

Course Name

AFCAT Number

Owning

Organization

Operational Safety, Suitability and Effectiveness (OSS & E)

WSYS155

AFIT

Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health (ESOH)

Compliance Assessments

WENV020

AFIT

Supervisor Safety Training Course (SST)

ZZ13212

AFSEC

ACC Aircrew Flight Equipment Program Manager’s Course

3J5ACC1P0X1 000

ACC

14.4. 1S0X1 Retrainee Evaluation Process. The local Occupational Safety Manager (OSM) or

designated representative will act as initial Evaluating Agent for retraining applicants. (T-3)

14.4.1. The Evaluating Agent will:

14.4.1.1. Ask the applicant’s immediate supervisor to appraise his or her work

performance, attitude and overall character, and review the applicant’s last 3-5 enlisted

performance reports. (T-3)

14.4.1.2. Provide applicant a briefing on Safety programs and responsibilities. (T-3)

Discuss the safety career field and answer any questions. Determine if applicant has

problems which would preclude working nights, holidays, standby, TDY, overseas

assignments or deployments. Also, problems with prolonged standing or walking or other

medical problems which would affect work performance.

14.4.1.3. Establish and document an observation period for all applicants under

consideration for retraining. (T-3) The applicant must complete a three to seven day

assessment period with the local Safety office before the Evaluating Agent can make a

recommendation. (T-3) Note: Exception to the assessment period will be approved by

AFSEC/CFM.

14.4.1.4. Provide meaningful, structured activities which assist in assessing the applicant’s

suitability for the Safety career field. (T-3) The activities will consist of:

176 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

14.4.1.4.1. An assessment of the applicant’s communication skills and his/her abilities

to write and speak clearly and distinctly.

14.4.1.4.1.1. Applicant will write a memorandum stating their reasons for wanting

to retrain into the career field. (T-3)Memorandum will include strengths, areas for

improvement and what the applicant can contribute to improve the safety program.

(T-3)

14.4.1.4.1.2. Applicant will instruct and lead some portion of a safety class or

meeting. (T-3)

14.4.1.4.2. Introduction to inspection/spot inspection process. Applicant will review

annual reports, conduct follow up for the open write-ups and conduct spot inspections.

(T-3)

14.4.1.4.3. Familiarization to flightline/maintenance/industrial areas. Applicant will

visit flightline/maintenance/industrial areas as deemed appropriate by the Evaluating

agent. (T-3) Note: This may be incorporated into paragraph 14.4.1.4.2.

14.4.1.4.4. Introduction to mishap investigation. Applicant will partake in the

investigation and processing of a mishap. (T-3)Preferably a real mishap, but a training

scenario may be used. This includes an AFSAS familiarization session, reviewing

mishap findings to establish causal factors and a mishap summary/out-brief to the Chief

of Safety. Note: This activity will include briefing applicant on what to expect at a

mishap scene. (T-3)

14.4.1.4.5. Introduction to Hazard Abatement Program. Applicant will assign a RAC

to a hazard (actual or simulated) based on an assessment of the mishap potential and its

severity. (T-3) Applicant will also process AF Forms 457 and 1118. (T-3)

14.4.2. At the end of the evaluation period, the Evaluating Agent will provide the servicing

FSS with a memorandum summarizing the following areas based on research and structured

activities:

14.4.2.1. Recommendation/Non-Recommendation of applicant’s request for retraining.

(T-3)

14.4.2.2. Assessment of applicant’s structured activities. (T-3)

14.4.2.3. Assessment of applicant’s written communication skills. (T-3)

14.4.2.4. Overall assessment of the appearance, moral standards, military conduct and

bearing. (T-3)

Figure 14.1. 1S0 Safety Retraining Memorandum (Example).

MEMORANDUM FOR

FROM:

SUBJECT: 1S0 Safety Retraining Memorandum

1. I recommend/non-recommend

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 177

2. Applicant:

(Applicant’s Rank and name) request for retraining.

a. (Did/did not) complete the three to seven day assessment period.

b. (Has/does not have) ability to meet the needs of the Safety career field.

c. (Has/does not have) appearance, moral standards, military conduct and bearing to meet the

needs of the Safety career field.

Explain:

3. I interviewed applicant’s immediate supervisor and foresee no problems OR have reason for

concern. Explain:

4. Applicant received a briefing on Safety programs and responsibilities and has/has no

problems which would preclude working nights, holidays, standby, TDY, overseas

assignments or deployments.

Explain:

5. If you have questions please contact me at DSN: xxx-xxxx.

SIGNATURE BLOCK

14.5. Supervisor Safety Training. This course trains supervisors in management skills needed

to implement safety policies and programs. It develops skills to recognize, control, report and

eliminate hazards. MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs and installations with unique requirements will

supplement this training with those requirements. (T-0)This two part course includes a Computer

Based Training found on ADLS, and a classroom portion conducted by the safety office.

14.5.1. Personnel required to attend:

14.5.1.1. Noncommissioned officers and Senior Airmen when first assigned a supervisory

position. (T-0)

14.5.1.2. Commissioned officers when first assigned as a supervisor. (T-0)

14.5.1.3. Civilian personnel (DAF, NAF, foreign national) upon initial assignment to a

14.5ervisory position. (T-0)

14.5.1.4. Any supervisor needing refresher training or who demonstrates a lack of safety

knowledge. (T-0)

14.5.2. Administration.

14.5.2.1. Unit commanders ensure eligible personnel are identified and course scheduling

is arranged with the installation occupational safety office.

178 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

14.5.2.2. The safety staff allocates quotas, giving priority to newly assigned supervisory

personnel.

14.5.2.3. Prior to attending the classroom portion training held by the safety office,

attendees must complete the computer-based training (CBT) located on ADLS. (T-1)The

student will ensure a copy of the CBT certificate is provided to the safety office prior to

attending the face-to-face course. (T-2)

14.5.2.4. Safety offices will use the AF Form 1286, Safety Education/Training Class

Roster, or another equivalent product for attendee sign-in. (T-2)

14.5.3. Documenting Training.

14.5.3.1. Safety staffs will provide confirmation of training upon completion of the course

to all attendees. This may include a copy of the classroom roster, email product, certificate,

etc.

14.5.3.2. Safety staffs will use training rosters to update completion of SST in the Military

Personnel Data System in accordance with PSDM 20-03, MilPDS Access Control Policy,

Table 1. (T-1)

14.5.3.3. Supervisors of military personnel will ensure documentation IAW paragraphs

1.6.28.7.1 and 1.6.28.7.2. (T-2)

14.5.3.4. Supervisors of civilian personnel will document this training in the employee’s

AF Form 971, Supervisor’s Employee Brief, or equivalent product. (T-2)

14.5.3.5. Supervisors of military and civilian personnel will ensure training completion

dates are transcribed to new documentation tool upon reassignment to a new duty location

or station.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 179

Chapter 15

MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY INFORMATION

15.1. Instructions for Completing AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard.

15.1.1. AF Form 1118. Qualified occupational safety, fire protection and health (BE, PH,

flight surgeon and/or occupational medicine physician) officials are the sole issuing authorities

for AF Form 1118.

15.1.2. Control Number. The control number for the AF Form 1118 will be the agency code

(S, F, H), date of hazard identification and sequential number, e.g., S-20061201-1. The

numbering system will coincide with the corresponding Hazard Abatement Plan (AF Form 3).

15.1.3. Location. Note the building number, room number and function involved where the

hazard is located, and nomenclature of the hazardous item or procedure, e.g., Building 18,

Room 217, CE Carpenter Shop, Table Saw.

15.1.4. Hazardous Condition. Describe in detail the nature of the hazard, including a reference

to the standard or requirement violated, if any. (T-2)

15.1.5. Risk Assessment Code. List RAC, followed by RAC description, e.g., “1

(Critical/Imminent Danger).” (T-2)

15.1.6. Interim Control Measures. Identify temporary measures needed to reduce the degree

of risk associated with the hazard to an "acceptable degree” until permanent corrective actions

are implemented. (T-2) Assigned RAC will remain until completely abated even though

interim control measures are in effect.

15.1.7. Permanent Corrective Action. List the action that will permanently eliminate the

identified hazard. Include associated document number, e.g., install new exhaust system; CE

work order and project number. (T-2)

15.1.8. Contact Point. Name, grade, office symbol and telephone number of individual

responsible for elimination of the hazard.

15.1.9. Estimated Completion Date. Self-explanatory.

15.2. Instructions for Completing AF Form 3, Hazard Abatement Plan.

15.2.1. The AF Form 3 is for an identified RAC 1, 2 or 3 hazard requiring more than 30

calendar days to abate. The form then becomes part of the installation’s formal master hazard

abatement plan. The AF Form 3 may be used for RAC 4 or 5 hazards or deficiencies. Electronic

systems that collect identical data and can produce a hard copy of AF Form 3 may be used.

15.2.2. Prepare a separate AF Form 3 for each individual hazard. (T-2)

15.2.3. The commander or functional manager ensures AF Form 3, Parts I and II, are

completed in as much detail as possible and then sent to the appropriate installation safety, fire

protection or health office:

15.2.3.1. Part I—Hazard Information.

15.2.3.1.1. Item 1 – Type of Hazard. Select the type hazard from the drop-down menu.

(T-2) Indicate whether the hazard is part of a facility, property, traffic, etc. (T-2)

180 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

15.2.3.1.2. Item 2 – Category. Select appropriate category from the drop-down menu:

Safety, Fire or Health. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.3. Item 3 – Control Number. The control number will coincide with the AF

Form 3 issued by the installation safety office, leave blank unless provided by the safety

office.

15.2.3.1.4. Item 4 – Date. Use the drop-down calendar to select the date this form was

initiated. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.5. Item 5 – Date Hazard Discovered. Use the drop-down calendar to select the

date this hazard was discovered. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.6. Item 6 – Risk Assessment Code (RAC). Use the drop –down menu and

select appropriate RAC (i.e., 1 (I, A), 3 (II, C), etc.) as provided by safety, fire or health

officials. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.7. Item 7 – Discovery Method. Use the drop-down menu to select method

indicating how the hazard was originally identified. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.8. Item 8 – Exposure. Enter the average number of personnel exposed to the

hazard daily. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.9. Item 9 – Description of Hazard. Provide a word description of the hazard

to illustrate its potential impact if not abated. (T-2)This includes the condition,

procedure or practice that creates a potential for producing death, injury, illness, fire,

property, equipment or environmental damage.

15.2.3.1.10. Item 10 – Organization. List the organization responsible for the hazard

abatement. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.11. Item 11 – Office Symbol. Self-explanatory.

15.2.3.1.12. Item 12 – Facility Number. Enter facility number, leave blank if not in a

facility. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.13. Item 13 – Specific Location/Description. Provide additional descriptor,

i.e., NE corner, etc. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.14. Item 14 – Functional Manager/POC Name. Last, First, Middle Initial. See

Attachment 1, Terms, for definition.

15.2.3.1.15. Item 15 – Grade/Rank. Enter the appropriate Grade/Rank. (T-2)

15.2.3.1.16. Item 16 – Duty Phone.

15.2.3.1.17. Item 17 – Signature. Select electronic signature.

15.2.3.2. Part II—Abatement Information.

15.2.3.2.1. Item 18 – Interim Control Measures. List all temporary measures taken to

reduce the risk associated with the hazard pending completion of permanent abatement

action (i.e., issuance of specific PPE, termination of operations, specific work-around

procedures, etc.). (T-2)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 181

15.2.3.2.2. Item 19 – Residual RAC Level. Select the Residual RAC Level after

Interim Control Measures are applied to the hazard. (T-2)Note: Interim controls do

not reduce original RAC level. The Residual RAC level must be a RAC 4, 5 or lower.

15.2.3.2.3. Item 20 – Description of Permanent Abatement Action. Provide a

description of the permanent abatement action taken or programmed to eliminate or

reduce the hazard. (T-2)

15.2.3.2.4. Item 21 – Method of Abatement. Select from the drop-down menu to

method used to abate the hazard, e.g., CE Work Order, Local Purchase, military

construction (MILCON) project, etc. (T-2)

15.2.3.2.5. Item 22 – Project/Work Order number. Self-explanatory.

15.2.3.2.6. Item 23 – Status of Project/Work Order #. Using the drop-down menu,

enter the status of the abatement project, i.e., awaiting materials, under construction, in

design, in review, unfunded, etc. (T-2)

15.2.3.2.7. Item 24 – Project Cost. Indicate total cost associated with project identified

in Item 22. (T-2)If actual costs are not known, use best available estimate.

15.2.3.2.8. Item 25 – Abatement Cost (if different from project cost). If the cost to

abate the hazard is not the total cost of the project, enter only the cost associated with

correction of the hazard. (T-2)For example, a $500,000 facility renovation project will

correct hazardous electrical wiring estimated to cost $25,000. Item 24 would show

$500,000 and Item 25 would show $25,000. If actual costs are not known, use best

available estimate.

15.2.3.2.9. Item 26 – Estimated Date of Completion. Use the drop-down calendar to

select the projected date of completion. (T-2)

15.2.3.3. Part III—For Safety/Fire/Health Use:

15.2.3.3.1. Item 27 – Severity. Use Table 13.2.

15.2.3.3.2. Item 28 – Probability. Use Table 13.2.

15.2.3.3.3. Item 29 – Multiplier. Use Table 13.2.

15.2.3.3.4. Item 30 – Exposure. Same as Item 8.

15.2.3.3.5. Item 31 – Cost. Abatement Cost. Same as Item 25.

15.2.3.3.6. Item 32 – RAC. Same as Item 6.

15.2.3.3.7. Item 33 – Cost Effectiveness Index (CEI). See paragraph 13.8.1.5.

15.2.3.3.8. Item 34 – Abatement Priority Number (APN). See paragraph 13.8.2 and

Table 13.3.

15.2.3.4. Part IV—Semi-Annual Review Records:

15.2.3.4.1. Item 35 – Status of Project/Work Order #. Use drop-down to select the

current status of the project (i.e., awaiting materials, under construction, in design, in

review, unfunded, etc.). (T-2)

182 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

15.2.3.4.2. Item 36 – Comments Regarding Progress. Enter any comments regarding

progress of abatement actions. (T-2)

15.2.3.4.3. Item 37 – Date.

15.2.3.4.4. Item 38 – Commander/Functional Manager Name. Last, First, Middle

Initial.

15.2.3.4.5. Item 39 - Grade/Rank. Enter the appropriate Grade/Rank. (T-2)

15.2.3.4.6. Item 40 – Duty Phone.

15.2.3.4.7. Item 41 – Signature. Select electronic signature. (T-2)

15.2.3.4.8. Item 42 – Other Related Notes. Use this area to add any additional

comments regarding the status of the hazard abatement process.

15.2.3.5. Part V—Hazard Closure.

15.2.3.5.1. Item 43 – Hazard Closed and Verified By: Enter name of qualified safety,

fire or health official that verified hazard is fully abated. (T-2)Last, First, Middle Initial

and Office Symbol.

15.2.3.5.2. Item 44 – Grade/Rank. Enter the appropriate Grade/Rank. (T-2)

15.2.3.5.3. Item 45 – Signature. Select electronic signature.

15.2.3.5.4. Item 46 – Date Hazard Fully Abated. Use drop-down calendar to select

completion date. (T-2)

15.3. Pre-Departure Travel Safety (Examples Only). The Pre-Departure Travel Safety

Program is a recommended management tool for commanders and supervisors. It helps military

and civilian employees on orders, especially those under the age of 26, reduce the potential for a

traffic mishap by identifying and mitigating risks involving travel by private motor vehicle for

leave, PCS and temporary duty assignments.

15.3.1. Overview. Commanders, managers and supervisors will help guide and mentor

employees in applying personal RM when planning for a trip. (T-3)Consider the following

factors to guide the discussion on assessing risk and identifying mitigating strategies, but also

consider and address other factors based on the unique nature of each situation. This interactive

briefing may be documented on AF Form 4392, Pre-Departure Safety Briefing Form. Another

tool for commanders and supervisors to consider is use of the Travel Risk Planning System

(TRiPS) program to assist in travel planning for all personnel. TRiPS is accessed through the

Army Safety portal (https://trips.safety.army.mil/).

15.3.1.1. Urge the driver to carefully and thoroughly plan the trip, allowing time for rest

prior to departure and to take a break at least every two hours.

15.3.1.2. Travelers are not to drive more than 10 hours during any 24-hour period.

Motorcyclists are highly encouraged to travel fewer hours. Highly recommend that

travelers get a good night’s sleep (7-8 hours) while traveling.

15.3.1.3. Airmen must ensure they have sufficient funds available to cover expenses (a

shortage of funds often leads to exhausting, marathon driving). (T-3)

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 183

15.3.1.4. Travelers must check the weather forecast and road conditions for the intended

route of travel. (T-3)

15.3.1.5. Discourage driving during late night hours. Remind the traveler that there is a

greater chance to encounter impaired (intoxicated, fatigued) drivers on the road at night

than during the day.

15.3.1.6. Stress the value of occupant restraint devices (mandatory for military personnel),

including child restraints and the use of helmets and personal protective equipment by

motorcyclists; review the hazard of reduced visibility due to factors such as darkness,

weather, sun glare; and touch on the issue of being alert for road hazards such as animals

crossing the roadway, stalled or slow-moving vehicles, and so forth.

15.3.1.7. Stress the importance of vehicle condition — vehicle defects also contribute to

mishaps.

15.3.1.8. Discuss the main causes of injury and death by vehicle mishaps in the Air Force,

which include speeding or excessive speed for conditions, fatigue, inattention or

distraction, not wearing seatbelts and the effects of medication and alcohol.

15.3.2. Additional Information. Advise the member to contact their unit commander, first

sergeant, flight commander, immediate supervisor or command post in the event of a mishap

or if an emergency situation arises. Ensure the individual is provided the phone numbers of the

points of contact.

15.4. Air Force Off-Duty High-Risk Activities Program. The Off-duty High Risk Activity

(HRA) Program is a recommended management tool for commanders and supervisors. The intent

of the program is to ensure participants are familiar with the hazards and injury potential associated

with their particular activity. This program is intended for military personnel only.

15.4.1. High-Risk Activities. These are activities having a higher potential for personal injury

due to the level of competition, speed, risk or skills needed and requiring greater agility,

stamina and dexterity. Some examples of high-risk activities are flying civil aircraft, hang

gliding, skydiving, mixed martial arts (MMA) fighting, parasailing, white-water rafting,

motorcycle and auto racing, scuba diving, bungee jumping, bronco and bull riding, and extreme

sports or any activity identified by the commander. Note: MAJCOM/FOA/DRU can

determine within the command what are considered high risk activities.

15.4.2. Commander/Supervisor Responsibility. Commanders or supervisors will ensure all

personnel are briefed about the HRA program regardless of their participation in high-risk

activities. (T-3)Each individual should be surveyed and if it is determined they are actively

engaged or about to engage in an HRA they should meet one on one with their commander or

supervisor. Ideally implemented, an HRA interview is not a briefing. It is for the purpose

determining the mental and physical readiness, and situational awareness preparedness of

participants before the HRA occurs. The interviewer can discuss with the interviewee the risks

of the activities and ascertain some idea of the likelihood that the participant can enjoy the

activity without an unacceptable level of risk. Through this process the interviewer can

determine such things as level of experience, knowledge of PPE requirements, physical safety

aspects of the area of participation, level of supervision or oversight by qualified professional

staffs or officials, rules or recommended practices of professional organizations, and so on. It

is also a chance to discuss the mental and physical preparedness of the participant. If

184 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

interviewers determine participants are not adequately trained or are inexperienced, they

should encourage participants to seek additional training through a nationally recognized

institute before participating in the activity.

15.4.3. Individual Responsibility. Individuals planning to engage in high-risk activities, such

as those described in paragraph 15.4.1, will be encouraged to inform his or her immediate

supervisor, and schedule an interview with their supervisor, squadron commander or designee.

The individual engaging in a high-risk activity is responsible for applying sound RM practices

to avoid jeopardizing life or limbs and their ability to perform their Air Force duties.

15.4.4. Documentation. AF Form 4391, High-Risk Activities Worksheet, may be used to

document the briefing, completed by the squadron commander, individual’s supervisor, safety

officer or training manager.

SEAN M. CHOQUETTE

Major General, USAF

Chief of Safety

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 185

Attachment 1

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION

References

5 USC § 552, Public Information; Agency Rules, Opinions, Orders, Records, and Proceedings

5 USC § 552a, Records Maintained on Individuals

10 USC § 1588, Authority to Accept Certain Voluntary Services

22 USC § 2751, Need for International Defense Cooperation and Military Export Controls;

Presidential Waiver; Report to Congress; Arms Sales Policy, (Chapter 39, Arms Export Control)

50 USC § 2401, Establishment and Mission

29 CFR Part 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

29 CFR Part 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employees OSHA

29 CFR § 1960.7, Financial Management

29 CFR § 1960.25, Qualifications of Safety and Health Inspectors and Agency Inspections 29

CFR § 1960.56, Training of Safety and Health Specials

Memorandum of Agreement between the Department of the Air Force and the Federal Aviation

Administration on Safety for Space Transportation and Range Activities, 16 January 2001

OSHA 3071, Job Hazard Analysis, 2002

Public Law 104-191, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, September

2017

Title 5, Administrative Personnel, Code of Federal Regulations Part 339, Medical Qualification

Determinations

Title 51, USC, National and Commercial Space Programs, 18 December 2010

DESR 6055.09, Volume 1, General Explosives Safety Information and Requirements, 13 January

2019

DoD 1342.6-M, Administrative and Logistic Responsibilities for DoD Dependents Schools,

August 1995

DoD 6055.05-M, Occupational Medical Examinations: Medical Surveillance and Medical

Qualifications, 27 July 2022

DoDD 3100.10, Space Policy, 18 October 2012

DoDD 3200.11, Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB), 27 December 2007

DoDD 5000.01, The Defense Acquisition System, 12 May 2003

DoDD 5030.61, DoD Airworthiness Policy, 24 May 2013

DoDI 1400.25-V810, DoD Civilian Personnel Management System: Injury Compensation, 12

April 2005

186 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

DoDI 3100.11, Management of Laser Illumination of Objects in Space, 24 October 2016

DoDI 3100.12, Space Support, 14 September 2000

DoDI 3200.18, Management and Operation of the Major Range and Test Facility Base

(MRTFB), 1 February 2010

DoDI 3222.03, DoD Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Program, 25 August 2014

DoDI 4000.19, Support Agreements, 25 April 2013

DoDI 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, 7 January 2015

DoDI 6025.13, Medical Quality Assurance and Clinical Quality Management in the Military

Health System, 26 July 2023

DoDI 6055.01, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program, 14 October 2014

DoDI 6055.04, DoD Traffic Safety Program, 20 April 2009

DoDI 6055.05, Occupational and Environmental Health (OEH), 11 November 2008

DoDI 6055.07, Mishap Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping, 6 June 2011

DoDI 6055.16, Explosives Safety Management Program, 29 July 2008

DoDI 6055.19, Aviation Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Programs (AHIRAPs),11

April 2017

DoDI 6060.02, Child Development Programs (CDPs), 5 August 2014

DoDM 4145.26, DoD Contractor’s Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives, 13 March

2008

DoDM 5400.07_AFMAN 33-302, Freedom of Information Act Program, 27 April 2018

DoDM 6025.13 (DELETED)

DoDM 6025.18, Implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

(HIPAA) Privacy Rule in DoD Health Care Programs, 13 March 2019

DAFI 36-2670, Total Force Development, 25 June 2020

DAFI 48-145, Occupational and Environmental Health Program, 22 September 2022

DAFI 62-601, Airworthiness, 10 June 2022

DAFI 64-117, Government Purchase Card Program, 19 May 2022

DAFI 91-225, Aviation Safety Programs, 31 January 2022

DAFMAN 21-201, Munitions Management, 3 May 2022

AFH 63-1402, Aircraft Information Program, 19 March 2001

AFI 10-601, Operational Capability Requirements Development, 6 November 2013

AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management Program, 19 April 2016

AFI 11-202V2, Aircrew Standardization/Evaluation Program, 6 December 2018

AFI 11-215, Flight Manuals Program, 25 March 2019

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 187

AFI 13-204V2, Airfield Operations Standardization and Evaluations, 1 September 2010

AFI 13-204V3 (DELETED)

AFI 25-201, Intra-Service, Intra-Agency, and Inter-Agency Support Agreements Procedures, 18

October 2013

AFI 32-1021, Planning and Programming Military Construction (MILCON) Projects, 25

February 2016

AFI 32-1023, Designing and Constructing Military Construction Projects, 19 November 2015

AFI 32-1032, Planning and Programming Appropriated Fund Maintenance, Repair, and

Construction Projects, 24 September 2015

AFI 32-7020, The Environmental Restoration Program, 7 November 2014

AFI 32-7086, Hazardous Materials Management, 4 February 2015

AFI 32-10141, Planning and Programming Fire Safety Deficiency Correction Projects, 15 May

2019

AFI 33-322, Records Management and Information Governance Program, 23 March 2020

AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, 1 December 2015

AFI 34-101, Air Force Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) Programs and Use Eligibility,

16 April 2019

AFI 34-144, Child and Youth Programs, 2 July 2019

AFI 36-130, Civilian Career and Developmental Programs, 27 September 2019

AFI 36-401, Civilian Training, Education, and Professional Development, 31 May 2018

AFI 36-2101 (DELETED)

AFI 36-2651, Air Force Training Program, 3 January 2019

AFI 38-101, Manpower and Organization, 29 August 2019

AFI 44-102, Medical Care Management, 17 March 2015

AFI 44-119, Medical Quality Operations, 16 August 2011

AFI 48-101, Aerospace Medicine Enterprise, 8 December 2014

AFI 48-109, Electromagnetic Field Radiation (EMFR) Occupational and Environmental Health

Program, 1 August 2014

AFI 48-127, Occupational Noise and Hearing Conservation Program, 26 February 2016

AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation Protection Program, 30 September 2014

AFI 48-145 (DELETED)

AFI 48-148, Ionizing Radiation Protection, 20 November 2014

AFI 51-1101, The Air Force Procurement Fraud Remedies Program, 19 October 2017

AFI 62-601 (DELETED)

188 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

AFI 63-101/20-101, Integrated Life Cycle Management, 9 May 2017

AFI 63-125, Nuclear Certification Program, 24 July 2017

AFI 63-138, Acquisition of Services, 30 September 2019

AFI 64-102, Operational Contracting Program, 9 October 2014

AFI 64-117 (DELETED)

AFI 65-601V1, Budget Guidance and Procedures, 24 October 2018

AFI 90-201, The Air Force Inspection System, 20 November 2018

AFI 90-801, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Councils, 4 August 2016

AFI 90-802, Risk Management, 1 April 2019

AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Program, 13 May 2019

AFI 91-101, Air Force Nuclear Weapons Surety Program, 15 August 2014

AFI 91-102, Nuclear Weapon System Safety Studies, Operational Safety Reviews, and Safety

Rules, 12 April 2017

AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Hazard Reporting, 27 April 2018

AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board, 23 May 2018

AFI 91-207, The US Air Force Traffic Safety Program, 26 July 2019

AFI 91-208, Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Certification and

Management, 24 October 2019

AFI 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Program, 31 May 2018

*AFI 91-225 (DELETED)

AFI 91-401, Directed Energy System Safety, 28 November 2018

AFI 99-103, Capabilities-Based Test and Evaluation, 18 November 2019

AFMAN 10-1004, Conducting Air Force Open Houses, 23 August 2018

AFMAN 13-204V1, Management of Airfield Operations, 22 July 2020

AFMAN 13-204V2, Airfield Management, 22 July 2020

AFMAN 13-212V1, Range Planning and Operations, 14 March 2023

AFMAN 36-606, Civilian Career Field Management and Development, 14 November 2019

*AFMAN 36-2100, Military Utilization and Classification, 7 April 2021

AFMAN 36-2806, Awards and Memorialization Program, 9 June 2019

AFMAN 48-146, Occupational and Environmental Health Program Management, 15 October

2018

AFMAN 48-149, Flight and Operational Medicine Program (FOMP), 13 October 2020

AFMAN 91-110, Nuclear Safety Review and Launch Approval for Space or Missile Use of

Radioactive Material and Nuclear Systems, 22 May 2019

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 189

AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards, 21 March 2017

AFMAN 91-203, Air Force Occupational Safety, Fire, and Health Standards, 11 December

2018

AFMAN 91-221, Weapons Safety Investigations and Reports, 21 August 2015

AFMAN 91-222, Space Safety Investigations and Reports, 17 June 2019

AFMAN 91-223, Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports, 14 September 2018

AFMAN 91-224, Ground Safety Investigation and Reports, 29 March 2019

AF Mission Directive 1-18, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment and

Energy), 10 July 2014

AFPAM 90-803, Risk Management (RM) Guidelines and Tools, 11 February 2013

AFPD 10-9, Lead Command Designation and Responsibilities for Weapon Systems, 7 March

2007

AFPD 90-8, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Management and Risk Management,

14 March 2017

AFPD 91-2, Safety Programs, 3 September 2019

AFVA 91-209, Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Program, 14 October 2016

Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement Clause 5352.223-9001, Health and Safety

on Government Installations, October 2019

MIL-STD-882E, DoD Standard Practice for System Safety, 11 May 2012

MIL-STD-3007G, Standard Practice Unified Facilities Criteria, Facilities Criteria and Unified

Facilities Guide Specifications, 1 November 2019

TO 00-5-1, Air Force Technical Order System, 14 June 2016

TO 00-35D-54, USAF Deficiency Reporting, Investigation, and Resolution, 1 September 2015

UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design, 4 February 2019

Civilian Force Renewal PAQ/COP Guide

NASA-STD-8719.14B (DELETED)

NASA-STD-8719.14C, Process for Limiting Orbital Debris, 5 November 2021

NATO STANAG 3101, Exchange of Flight Safety Information, 3 November 2016

NATO STANAG 3102, Flight Safety Co-operation in Common Ground/Air Space, 27 March

2007

RCC 321, Common Risk Criteria Standards for National Test Ranges, September 2017

SI 534-15, Risk Management and Radio Frequency Deconfliction of Space Control Activities, 2

April 2007

190 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Prescribed Forms

AF Form 3, Hazard Abatement Plan

AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record

AF Form 457, USAF Hazard Report

AF Form 651, Hazardous Air Traffic Report (HATR)

AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard

AF Form 1286, Safety Education/Training Class Roster

AF Form 4391, High-Risk Activities Worksheet

AF Form 4392, Pre-Departure Safety Briefing

Adopted Forms

AF Form 9, Request For Purchase

AF Form 332, Base Civil Engineer Work Request

AF Form 847 9DELETED)

AF Form 860B, Civilian Progress Review Worksheet

AF Form 978, Supervisor Mishap Report

AF Form 979, Danger Tag

AF Form 1754, Job Capability and Safety Analysis (LRA)

AF Form 4437, Deliberate Risk Assessment Worksheet

AFTO Form 244, Industrial/Support Equipment Record

DAF Form 847, Recommendation For Change of Publication

OSHA 300, Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illness

OSHA Form 300A, Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illness

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACAT—Acquisition Category

ACC—Air Combat Command

ADLS—Air Force Distributed Learning Service

ADMMO—Aerial Delivery Manuals and Malfunctions Office

AETC—Air Education and Training Command

AEG—Air Expeditionary Group

AEW—Air Expeditionary Wing

AFCEC—Air Force Civil Engineering Center

AFCMRS—Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 191

AFFARS—Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement

AFFOR—Air Force Forces

AFDW—Air Force District of Washington

AFGSC—Air Force Global Strike Command

AFI—Air Force Instruction

AFIMSC—Air Force Installation Mission Support Center

AFLCMC—Air Force Life Cycle Management Center

AFLCMC/EZ—Air Force Life Cycle Management Center Airworthiness Office

AFMAN—Air Force Manual

AFMC—Air Force Materiel Command

AFMC/EN—Air Force Materiel Command Directorate of Engineering

*AFMRA (DELETED)

AFMED—Air Force Medical

AFMS—Air Force Manpower Standard

AFOSH—Air Force Occupational Safety and Health

AFOTEC—Air Force Operational Test Evaluation Center

AFPAM—Air Force Pamphlet

AFPC—Air Force Personnel Center

AFPD—Air Force Policy Directive

AFR—Air Force Reserve

AFRC—Air Force Reserve Command

AFSAS—Air Force Safety Automated System

AFSC—Air Force Specialty Code

AFSEC—Air Force Safety Center

AFSEC/SEG—Air Force Safety Center Occupational Safety Division

AFSMS—Air Force Safety Management System

AFSOC—Air Force Special Operations Command

*AFSPC (DELETED)

AFSWC—Air Force Service Watch Center

AFTO—Air Force Technical Order

AMC—Air Mobility Command

AMIC—Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course

192 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

AMIP—Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention

ANG—Air National Guard

AOP—Aerospace and Operational Physiologists

AOR—Area of Responsibility

APMR—Annual Program Management Review

ARC—Air Reserve Component

ARCCOS—Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety

ARPC—Air Reserve Personnel Center

AS—Allowance Standards

ASAP—Airman Safety Action Program

ASPM—Aviation Safety Program Manager

ATC—Air Traffic Control

AVSNCO—Aviation Safety Noncommissioned Officer

BASH—Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard

BCAT—Business Acquisition Category

BE—Bioenvironmental Engineering

BSC—Biomedical Sciences Corps

CA—Conjunction Assessment

CAE—Component Acquisition Executive

CCB—Configuration Control Board

CD—Deputy Commander

CE—Civil Engineering

CDP—Child Development Program

CEU—Continuing Education Unit

CFM—Career Field Manager

CFR—Code of Federal Regulations

CMAVs—Controlled Movement Area Violations

CMS—Chief of Mission Safety

COLA—Collision Avoidance

COMAFFOR—Commander, Air Forces

COR—Contracting Office Representative

COTS—Commercial Off-the-Shelf

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 193

COS—Chief of Safety

CSSM—Center System Safety Manager

CQA—Clinical Quality Assurance

CV—Vice Commander

CY—Calendar Year

DART—Days Away Restricted and/or Transfer Case

DASHO—Department of the Air Force’s Designated Agency Safety and Health OfficerDDESB—

Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board

DESR—Defense Explosives Safety Regulation

DET—Data Extraction Tool

DEW—Directed Energy Weapons

DFARS—DoD Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement

DoD—Department of Defense

DoDD—Department of Defense Directive

DoDI—Department of Defense Instruction

DoE—Department of Energy

DoL—Department of Labor

DRU—Direct Reporting Unit

ECP—Engineering Change Proposal

EDT—Enlisted Development Team

EOLP—End-of-Life Plan

ESMP—Explosives Safety Management Program

ESOH—Environment, Safety and Occupational Health

ESOHC—Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Council

F—Fahrenheit—FAA—Federal Aviation Administration

FAR—Federal Acquisition Regulation

FCC—Family Child Care

FECA—Federal Employees’ Compensation Act

FES—Fire and Emergency Services

FLDCOM—Field Command

FOA—Field Operating Agency

FSNCO—Flight Safety Non-Commission Officer

FSO—Flight Safety Officer

194 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

FSS—Family Support Squadron

FY—Fiscal Year

GCC—Geographic Combatant Command

GPC—Government Purchase Card

GSA—General Services Administration

HAF—Headquarters Air Force

HAP—High Accident Potential

HATR—Hazardous Air Traffic Report

HAZMAT—Hazardous Material

HERO—Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance

HHQ—Higher Headquarters

HQ—Headquarters

IAW—In Accordance With

IFSO—International Flight Safety Officer

IG—Inspector General

IGI—Inspector General for Investigations

IOEMC—Installation Occupational and Environmental Medicine Consultant

ISB—Interim Safety Board

JHA—Job Hazard Analysis

JSTO—Job Safety Training Outline

JSpOC—Joint Space Operations Center

JUON—Joint Urgent Operational Need

LRS—Logistics Readiness Squadron

LV—Launch Vehicle

MACA—Midair Collision Avoidance

MAF LOG C2—Mobility Air Force Logistics Command and Control

MAJCOM—Major Command

MDS—Mission Design Series

MFOQA—Military Flight Operations Quality Assurance

MFT—Multi-Functional Team

MHAP—Master Hazard Abatement Plan

MHS—Military Health System

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 195

MILCON—Military Construction

MICT—Management Internal Control Toolset

MIL-STD—Military Standard

MINA—Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation

MOA—Memorandum of Agreement

MOU—Memorandum of Understanding

MRTFB—Major Range and Test Facility Base

MSM—Mission Safety Manager

MTF—Medical Treatment Facility

N/A—Not Applicable

NAF—Numbered Air Force

NASA—National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NATO—North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NIOSH—National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

OCONUS—Outside Continental United States

OCPM—Obstacle Course Program Manager

OEH—Occupational and Environmental Health

ODMSP—Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices

OJT—On-the-Job Training

OPLAN—Operational Plan

OPM—Office of Personnel Management

OPR—Office of Primary Responsibility

ORB—Operational Review Board

ORP—Operations Review Panel

OSA—Organizational Safety Assessments

OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSM—Occupational Safety Manager

PACAF—Pacific Air Force

PE—Program Evaluation

PEO—Program Executive Officer

PESHE—Programmatic, Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Evaluation

PH—Public Health

196 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

PM—Program Manager

PPE—Personal Protective Equipment

PPP—Personnel Parachute Program

RAC—Risk Assessment Code

RCC—Range Commanders Council

RDA—Risk Decision Authority

RM—Risk Management

RPA—Remotely Piloted Aircraft

RRR—Rapid Response Report

SAE—Service Acquisition Executive

SAF—Secretary of the Air Force

SART—Satellite Anomaly Resolution Team

SATP—Security Assistance Training Program

SAV—Staff Assistance Visit

SDAR—Space Debris Assessment Report

SE—Chief of Safety

SEF—Flight Safety Division

SEG—Occupational Safety Division

SEI—Special Experience Identifier

SEK—System Safety Branch

SES—System Safety Branch

SEW—Weapons Safety Division

SF—Security Forces

SGP—Chief of Aerospace Medicine

SIB—Safety Investigation Board

SMC—Space and Missile System Center

SMC/EN—Space Missile Center Directorate of Engineering

SME—Subject Matter Expert

SMS—Safety Management System

SNCO—Senior Non-Commissioned Officer

SOH—Safety and Occupational Health

SPE—Safety Program Evaluation

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SPO—System Program Office

SRA—Safety Risk Assessment

SSC—Space Systems Command

SSE—System Safety Engineer

SSG—System Safety Group

SSM—System Safety Manager

SST—Supervisor Safety Training

SSWG—System Safety Working Group

STANAG—Standardization Agreement

TCTO—Time Compliance Technical Order

TDY—Temporary Duty

TEO—Technology Executive Officer

TO—Technical Order

TRIR—Total Recordable Incident Rate

UON—Urgent Operational Need

UAS—Unmanned Aerial System

US—United States

USG ODMSP—United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices

USR—Unit Safety Representative

USAF—United States Air Force

USAFA—United States Air Force Academy

USAFE—United States Air Force Europe

USSF—United States Space Force

WSM—Weapons Safety Manager

WWW—World-Wide Web

Terms

Acquisition Organization—The government organization responsible for developing, acquiring,

fielding, and sustaining either hardware or a service (e.g., launch services). For most Air Force

space systems and launches, the Space and Missiles Systems Center (SMC) will usually perform

this function.

Active Satellite/Active Spacecraft—Orbiting systems that serve a useful purpose or could

potentially serve a useful purpose (e.g., fully mission capable, partially mission capable, on-orbit

spares, in test/checkout).

198 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Airmen—All-encompassing term used to indicate all Department of the Air Force members, both

uniformed military and Department of Defense civilian employees working for USAF.

Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH)—An overarching term for the Air Force

Occupational Safety and Health Program.

AFSEC/SEG Occupational Safety Emphasis Items—List developed annually by AFSEC/SEG

identifying high interest inspection items based on a five-year review of on-duty mishaps.

Air Force Safety Management System (AFSMS)—It is the framework upon which the USAF

mishap prevention program is built. Provides organizations with an effective framework for

continual improvement of safety performance. It enables organizations’ ability to minimize risks

and reduce the occurrence and cost of injuries, illnesses, fatalities, and property damage. The

system requires goal setting, planning, executing, and measuring performance to be successful.

Air Reserve Component (ARC)—Used when referring to both AFRC and ANG as one entity.

Annual Safety Inspection—Method to identify workplace/facility hazards used by safety staffs

at the wing and below level. These are conducted by qualified safety personnel annually on all

workplaces and facilities.

Annual Program Management Review—An examination of the mishap prevention program at

all levels of execution to evaluate the safety management system and the performance of programs

or elements managed within the system. The review is performed by senior leadership and safety

professionals to ensure the system continues to be suitable, adequate and effective for its intended

purposes, and for making decisions or authorizing actions that need to be taken by staff to ensure

the continuous improvement of one or more of its programs or elements.

Anomaly—Unexpected events that may or may not result in damage, injury, or mission impact,

but do not reach the level of a reportable mishap.

Anomaly Resolution Process—Any process used to resolve a spacecraft anomaly. Typically

conducted by the operating/testing organization (squadron or equivalent level).

Apogee—The point of a satellite’s greatest distance from the center of the Earth, where the

satellite’s velocity is lowest. The apogee altitude is the distance of the apogee point above the

surface of the Earth.

Area of Responsibility (AOR)—Theater of operations for Combatant Command missions and

operations such as US Central Command (USCENTCOM), US Northern Command

(USNORTHCOM), US European Command (USEUCOM), US Pacific Command (USPACOM)

or US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM).

Cataloged Objects—Items entered in the JSpOC Satellite Catalog. Some items re-enter the

Earth’s atmosphere after cataloging.

Casualty—A serious injury or worse, including death, for a human. For the purposes of this

standard, the Abbreviated Injury Scale Level 3 defines serious injury.

Collective Risk—The total combined risk to all individuals within a category (e.g., launch-

essential personnel, general public) exposed to a particular hazard during a specific period of time

or event; unless otherwise noted, the mean number of casualties predicted (Ec) to result from a

given hazard. Specification of collective risk is either in “per mission” or “per year” value.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 199

Collision Avoidance—A process designed to prevent collisions between on-orbit tracked objects

or to prevent collisions between on-orbit tracked objects and launched vehicles (including spent

stages)/payloads by determining and implementing courses of action through careful analysis of

validated conjunction assessments and satellite health and mission requirements. The process

includes establishing launch wait periods in either the launch window or spacecraft maneuvering

based on validated conjunction assessments and accounts for uncertainties in spatial dispersions,

arrival time of orbiting objects and/or the launch vehicle/payload, and modeling accuracy.

Commercial Launch—The term “commercial,” for the purposes of the National Space Policy

and this instruction, refers to space goods, services, or activities provided by private sector

enterprises that bear a reasonable portion of the investment risk and responsibility for the activity,

operate IAW typical market-based incentives for controlling cost and optimizing return on

investment, and have the legal capacity to offer these goods or services to existing or potential

nongovernmental customers.

Commodity Contract—Used for any materials, articles, supplies, goods or equipment. Refer to

the Federal Acquisition Regulations for additional information.

Configuration Control—Process of approving or disapproving and coordinating changes to

configuration items after formal establishment of their configuration identification.

Conjunction Assessment (CA)—A process for determining the point and time of the closest

approach of two tracked orbiting objects or between a tracked orbiting object and a launched

vehicle (including spent stages) or payload.

Controlled Reentry—See Uncontrolled Reentry. A planned reentry for which the final

atmospheric penetration time is chosen through spacecraft maneuvering so as to either maximize

the amount of spacecraft material that burns up in the atmosphere, limiting the potential for

endangering the public, or to bring down a recoverable reentry vehicle (e.g., capsule) in a manner

that does not endanger the public. This typically controls the time and place of the disposal of

space objects that are at the end of their mission life or for reentry capsules.

Convening Authority—The individual who has the authority to order a safety investigation. For

additional guidance, refer to AFI 91-204.

Corporate-wide Violations—Two or more substantially repeated violations occurring at different

military locations.

Covered Entity—A health plan or a health care provider who transmits health information in

electronic form in connection with certain covered transactions under DoDM 6025.18. This

generally includes health plans, health care clearinghouses and most DoD health care providers.

Such entities must comply with HIPAA standards as set forth in DoDM 6025.18, Implementation

of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule in DoD Health

Care Programs, and DoDI 8580.02, Security of Individually Identifiable Health Information in

DoD Health Care Programs.

Critical Asset—A resource requiring protection. It normally includes property/ infrastructure that

is essential to protect the public health and safety, maintain the minimum operations of the range,

or protect the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States.

Critical/Imminent Danger—Conditions or practices in a workplace which could reasonably be

expected to cause death or severe physical harm immediately or before such dangers can be

200 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

eliminated through normal abatement procedures. RAC 1 hazards are classified as

critical/imminent danger.

Days Away, Restricted, and/or Transfer Case Incidence Rate—The rate of all civilian injuries

and illnesses resulting in days away from work, restricted work activity, and/or job transfer. This

rate is calculated for a work site for a specified period of time (usually one year).

Debris—Any non-maneuverable/non-operational orbital space system or component. This

includes dead satellites and their associated components, spent launch vehicle components, and

objects in orbit around the Earth created by humans but no longer serve any useful purpose. Debris

includes explosion and collision fragments, slag (including dust) from solid rocket motors, surface

degradation products such as paint flakes, coolant released by nuclear powered satellites, and

objects released due to the impact of micrometeoroids or small debris with spacecraft.

Debris Generation—Release of objects from a spacecraft into the space environment. This

generally occurs in an unpredictable and uncontrolled manner. Debris generation may be the result

of a collision or an occurrence within the spacecraft.

Delta V (ΔV)—The change in the velocity vector caused by thrust measured in units of meters per

second. Used as a measure of required energy (i.e., fuel) to maneuver an orbital space system from

one orbit to another.

Department of Defense Civilian Personnel—Includes Senior Executive Service (SES), General

Schedule (GS), Defense Civilian Intelligence Personnel System (DCIPS) (GG) and federal wage

system employees, including ARC technicians, unless in military duty status. Includes Non-

Appropriated Fund employees who are not military personnel working part time; Corps of

Engineers Civil Works employees; Youth Opportunity Program (YOP) and student assistance

program employees; Direct-Hire Foreign-national civilians employed by the Air Force (Air Force

Foreign Nationals [AFFN]) and Army-Air Force Exchange Service employees.

Department of Defense Military Personnel—These are non-Air Force US military personnel.

Department of the Air Force Military Personnel—These are regular Air Force, ARC personnel

on military duty status. Includes Air Force Academy cadets; also includes Reserve Officer

Training Corps (ROTC) cadets engaged in directed training activities. Includes members of other

US military services serving on extended tour of duty with the Air Force or foreign-national

military personnel assigned to the Air Force.

Employee—For the purpose of this instruction, the term Employee applies to all Department of

Defense Civilian Personnel, Department of Defense Military Personnel, and Department of the Air

Force Military Personnel. This may also include Personal Services Contractors see glossary

definition.

End-Of-Life—Final stage of spacecraft lifetime. End result will be either recovery, reentry,

spacecraft disposal (passivation), or catastrophic loss (due to on-board explosion/failure or

collision with another object).

Event—See AFI 91-204 when related to a mishap or hazard.

Exemption—Grants permanent relief from a requirement.

Failure Modes—How a system or component might fail.

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Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-Licensed Launch—Any launch issued a launch

license by FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation.

Field Command (FLDCOM)—MAJCOM-equivalent organizations within the US Space Force,

For the purpose of mishap prevention, FLDCOM includes Space Operations Command (SpOC),

Space Systems Command (SSC), Space Training and Readiness Command (STARCOM), and

Space Rapid Capabilities Office (RCO), and Space Development Agency (SDA).

Fire Hazard—A condition which can cause a fire to occur, or, if left unchecked, cause a fire to

grow. The distinction between fire hazard and fire safety deficiency (FSD) is important because

the documentation, reporting, and correction procedures differ for each. Only fire hazards are

included in the Master Hazard Abatement Plan and FSDs are managed IAW AFI 32-10141.

Fire Safety Deficiency (FSD)—A condition which reduces fire safety below an acceptable level,

including noncompliance with standards, but by itself cannot cause a fire to occur. See

Occupational Deficiency.

Flexible Culture—One of the four sub-cultures that make up an Informed Culture. A Flexible

Culture is a collection of behaviors and beliefs that acknowledge the inevitability of human error

and unsafe conditions and which allow quick and smooth reactions to address hazards before

mishaps result.

Flight Safety Manager—A civilian assigned to perform Flight Safety Officer duties.

Formal Inspection Report—A report with a particular prescribed format.

Full-time—Individuals in primary duty safety positions. See definition for safety and health

officials. Does not include additional duty safety personnel such as USRs and Squadron Assigned

Flight Safety Officers.

Functional Managers—The senior operating official at all levels exercising managerial control

of an activity or operation. This individual usually can acquire and commit resources for the

abatement of occupational safety and health hazards.

Geographically Separated Unit—Any Air Force unit that is geographically separated beyond a

reasonable commuting distance from its servicing military personnel flight.

Hazard—Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel or

damage to or loss of equipment or property, mission degradation.

Hazard/Deficiency Abatement—Eliminating or permanently reducing a hazard by complying

with applicable safety requirements or taking equivalent protective measures.

Hazard/Deficiency Severity—An assessment of the expected consequences if a hazard, if left

unabated, results in a mishap. The Air Force defines severity by the degree of injury, illness, or

resource damage that can result from a specific mishap.

Hazard Reporting—A process, by which any person assigned, attached or under contract to the

Air Force, may report a hazard. This includes any event or condition that affects aviation,

occupational, weapons or space safety.

High Interest Areas—These areas have the greatest risk to life or property damage, experienced

repeated mishaps, or in the judgment of the safety office, require added oversight. They can also

be work areas or operations that need additional attention or inspections because of increased

202 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

mishap potential due to the nature of work performed, physical conditions or type of materials

handled.

High—Risk Activities—These are activities having a higher potential for personnel injury due to

the level of competition, speed, risk or skills needed, and requiring greater agility, stamina and

dexterity, which may require specialized training, experience or certifications. Some examples of

high-risk activities are flying civil aircraft, hang gliding, skydiving, parasailing, white-water

rafting, motorcycling and auto racing, scuba diving, bungee jumping, and bronco and bull riding.

Note: MAJCOM/FLDCOM/FOA/DRU determine within the command what are considered high-

risk activities.

Hosted Payloads—A module attached to a satellite with communications circuitry that operates

independently of the main spacecraft utilizing available power, mass and space on the satellite.

Human Space Flight—Objects in orbit which support human life or have the capability to support

human life, and objects in orbit intended to rendezvous, dock with such objects.

Informed Culture—A term used to describe the optimal state of an organization’s safety culture,

in which each individual sees his or her role as a fundamental part of the organization’s

commitment to safety and achievement of organizational safety goals. Four prerequisite sub-

cultures help create an Informed Culture: a Just Culture, a Reporting Culture, a Learning Culture

and a Flexible Culture.

Inspections—The process of determining compliance with safety and health standards through

physical surveys of workplaces, operations, and facilities.

Installation—Encompasses both Air Force and Space Force bases, to include the appropriate

wing, space base delta or Space Launch delta organization responsible for their installation.

Interim Control Measure—Temporary action taken to reduce the degree of risk associated with

a hazard pending completion of an abatement project.

Job Hazard Analysis—A technique focusing on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they

occur. It focuses on the relationship between the employee, the task, the tools, and the work

environment.

Job Safety Training Outline (JSTO)—An outline of mandatory safety training items supervisors

use when conducting work center safety training for their specific work areas. See paragraph

14.1.

Just Culture—One of the four sub-cultures that make up an Informed Culture. A Just Culture is

an organizational environment where front line operators or others are not punished for actions,

omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training,

but where gross negligence, willful violations and destructive acts are not tolerated. Just Culture

focuses on improving system designs and employee procedures to include: better system

operations; creating redundant safety systems to trap or mitigate errors; pre-identifying high-risk

operations; and leadership actions designed to limit at-risk behaviors.

Launch Essential Personnel—The minimum number of persons necessary to successfully and

safely complete an operation and whose absence would jeopardize the completion of the operation.

This includes persons required to perform emergency actions according to authorized directives,

persons specifically authorized by the Wing Commander/System Program Office(SPO) Director

to perform scheduled activities, and persons in training. The number of mission-essential personnel

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 203

allowed within Safety Clearance Zones or Hazardous Launch Areas is determined by the Wing

Commander/SPO Director and the Range User with Range Safety concurrence.

Launch Mishap—See Orbital Mishap and Pre-Launch. Mishaps that occur between the initial

ignition of any stage of the rocket and up until the final piece of launch hardware separates from

the spacecraft. This includes payloads not launched into the intended orbit.

Launch Operation—Operations occurring in the terminal countdown through sub-orbital flight

or orbital insertion.

Launch Operator—A person or entity that conducts or proposes to conduct the launch of a launch

vehicle for the purpose of inserting a spacecraft into orbit or delivering a payload to a specified

ballistic location.

Launch Vehicle—Any means of transportation used to place an object into Earth orbit or deep

space, including ballistic missiles.

Launch Vehicle Components—All the parts of a launch vehicle except payload(s), to include

upper stages and any apogee kick motors that separate from the spacecraft after operation.

Launch Window—A period of time during which the flight of a launch vehicle may be initiated

to meet mission requirements.

Launching Agency—The range user at Air Force ranges or equivalent organization at other

locations.

Learning Culture—One of the four sub-cultures that make up an Informed Culture. A Learning

Culture exists when an organization has the willingness and ability to implement proper

recommendations from safety information that is produced through continuous risk assessment of

hazards.

Lift-Off—For the purposes of flight safety analyses, lift-off occurs during a launch countdown

with any motion of the launch vehicle with respect to the launch platform (which includes a carrier

aircraft), including any intentional or unintentional separation from the launch platform.

Losses—A term to describe personnel injuries, fatalities, system degradation, or destruction when

describing mishap outcome.

Major Command—For the purpose of mishap prevention (MAJCOM) includes Air Force District

of Washington (AFDW), ACC, AETC, AFMC, AFOTEC, AFRC, Air Force Global Strike

Command (AFGSC), Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), Air Mobility Command

(AMC), ANG, Pacific Air Force (PACAF), United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and

United States Air Force Europe (USAFE). Note: FLDCOM is the USSF-equivalent to MAJCOM.

See Field Command in this Terms section.

Meteoroids—A solid object moving in interplanetary space, of a size considerably smaller than

an asteroid and considerably larger than an atom or molecule (e.g., meteoroid material associated

with asteroid breakup or material released from comets).

Minor Deficiencies—Any validated deficiencies that do not meet the definition of a Critical or

Significant deficiency but requires corrective action.

Mishap—An unplanned occurrence, or series of occurrences, that results in damage to Department

of Defense (DoD) property; occupational illness to DoD personnel; injury to on- or off-duty DoD

204 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

military personnel; injury to on-duty DoD civilian personnel; or damage to public or private

property, or injury or illness to non-DoD personnel, caused by DoD activities. Mishaps are

classified by total direct mishap cost and the severity of injury/occupational illness.

Missile—A rocket-propelled or jet-propelled expendable vehicle used to deliver a warhead. It may

use a ballistic trajectory or fly under active guidance and control.

Mission Assurance—A process to protect or ensure the continued function and resilience of

capabilities and assets – including personnel, equipment, facilities, networks, information and

information systems, infrastructure, and supply chains – critical to the execution of DoD mission-

essential functions in any operating environment or condition.

MTF Covered Entities (DELETED)—Multi-Functional Team (MFT)—As defined 63- and

64-series guidance publications, MFT is a team of stakeholders responsible for a Service’s

acquisition. It includes not only representatives of the technical and procurement communities, but

also stakeholders of the Service’s acquisition and the contractors who provide the services. The

team may consist of subgroup(s) responsible for routine contract actions. The team could be a

Business Requirements Advisory Group, Mission Area Acquisition Team, Integrated Product

Team, working group, an A-76 Integrated Product Team or Steering Group, etc.

National Consensus Standards—Standards published by recognized standards organizations

such as the American National Standards Institute, National Fire Protection Association, American

Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Compressed Gas Association, and National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. National consensus standards adopted by OSHA are

part of OSHA standards.

Neighboring Operations Personnel—See Launch Essential Personnel. Individuals required to

perform safety, security, or operationally critical tasks but not associated with the specific/current

operation or launch under consideration.

Non-Compliance—A noticeable or marked departure from requirements, standards, or

procedures.

Nonmilitary Unique—The term nonmilitary-unique refers to military and civilian workplaces,

operations, equipment and systems that are generally comparable to those of the private sector.

Examples include facilities involved and work performed in the repair and overhaul of weapons,

aircraft or vehicles (except for equipment trials); construction; supply services; civil engineer or

public works; medical services; and office work.

Notice of Hazard—A written warning of a condition, procedure or practice which constitutes a

hazard. As used in the context of this instruction, “Notice of Hazard” refers to AF Form 1118.

Occupational Deficiency—Conditions, procedures and practices not compliant with OSHA or

AFOSH requirements, but do not, in themselves, create a potential for producing an occupational

injury or illness mishap. Deficiencies may, however, create a potential for secondary injuries or

illnesses or may contribute to the severity of an injury or illness that has already occurred.

Examples include, but are not limited to, program management items or the absence of an eyewash

station. A clear distinction between hazards and deficiencies may not always be possible; therefore,

the judgment and experience of qualified safety, fire protection and health personnel must be relied

upon.

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 205

Occupational Hazard—Conditions, procedures, and practices directly related to the workplace

that can create a potential for producing occupational injuries, property or equipment damage,

mission degradation, damage to the environment, or illnesses.

Occupational Illness—Any reported condition that does not meet the definition of injury. Any

abnormal physical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury,

resulting in adverse consequences and caused by occupational factors associated with

employment. Includes all confirmed cases of acute and chronic illnesses or diseases caused by

inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact with suspect substances.

Operational Review Panel (ORP)—The panel, established in the AFI 10- series of instructions,

chaired by the responsible commander that approves system modifications, training, procedures,

and database changes to operational equipment.

Operational Review Board—Established in the AFI 10-series of instructions, the responsible

commander that reviews problems in operations of systems chairs this board.

Operational Effectiveness—The overall degree of mission accomplishment of a system when

used by representative personnel in the environment planned or expected for the operational

employment of the system. Can also be referred to as mission effectiveness.

Orbital Insertion—The point in time when an object or vehicle achieves sufficient altitude and

velocity to complete at least one orbit of the Earth. This occurs when the object or vehicle achieves

a minimum 130 km perigee based on a computation that accounts for drag.

Orbital Space Systems—Term used to describe the hardware and activities associated with the

design, development, testing and operation of any man-made object to achieve an altitude and

velocity sufficient to complete one revolution of the Earth. The lower the altitude, the shorter the

orbital period.

Passivation—The process of removing stored energy that could result in an explosion or

deflagration from a space system at end-of-life. This includes electrical, mechanical, chemical, or

nuclear energy.

Payload—See Satellite or Spacecraft. Refers either to the object(s) carried by a launch vehicle or

the mission-performing portions of a satellite/spacecraft (e.g., the main communications package

on a communications satellite). This AFI will not collectively reference a satellite/spacecraft as a

“payload” following separation from the launch vehicle.

Perigee—The point in the orbit nearest to the center of the Earth, and where the satellite’s velocity

is greatest. The perigee altitude is the distance of the perigee point above the surface of the Earth.

Personal Services Contractors—Characterized by the employer-employee relationship between

the government and the contractor’s personnel (e.g., medical contractors). The Government

exercises relatively continuous supervision and control over the contractor personnel performing

the contract. Verify with contracting officials of the work status of the contract employee.

Performance Appraisal—A systematic comparison of an employee’s performance of duties and

responsibilities with performance standards.

Pre-Launch—Space related activities occurring during early acquisition stages, ground handling,

processing, and transportation operations just prior to ignition (lift-off) actions.

206 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Post-Mission—Describes the time period after a spacecraft completes its mission and culminates

with final passivation and disposal activities.

Privileged Safety Information—Information that is reflective of a deliberative process in the

safety investigation or given to a safety investigator pursuant to a promise of confidentiality, which

the safety privilege protects from being released outside safety channels or from being used for

any purpose except mishap prevention. It includes products such as draft and final findings,

evaluations, opinions, preliminary discussions, conclusions, mishap causes, recommendations,

analyses, and other material that would reveal the deliberations of safety investigators, including

reviews and endorsements. It also includes information given to a safety investigator pursuant to

a promise of confidentiality and any information derived from that information or direct or indirect

references to that information.

Program Manager (PM)—The designated individual with responsibility for and authority to

accomplish program objectives for development, production, and sustainment to meet the user’s

operational needs. The PM shall be accountable for credible cost, schedule, and performance

reporting to the Milestone Decision Authority.

Public—See Critical Operations Personnel, Launch Essential Personnel and Neighboring

Operations Personnel. All persons not in either the Launch Essential Personnel or Neighboring

Operations Personnel categories.

Public Safety—Safety involving risks to the general public of the US or foreign countries and/or

their property (both on- and off-base); includes the safety of people and property not involved in

supporting a launch as well as those within the boundary of a launch site.

Quality Assurance Personnel—Individuals designated to perform quality assessment functions

and manage performance IAW the Performance Plan. They serve as on-site technical managers

assessing contractor performance against contract performance standards. Personnel in this area

have many titles, such as Quality Assurance Evaluator, Quality Assurance Specialist, Functional

Area Evaluators and Contracting Officer Technical Representative.

Quality Assurance Program Coordinator (QAPC)—Mission support group or AFMC/SSC

Center-level individual, normally from the contracting activity, selected to coordinate and manage

the Performance Management Assessment Program (Quality Assurance Program).

Qualified Safety, Fire Protection, Bioenvironmental Engineering and Health Officials—Air

Force civilian and military personnel assigned to full-time positions for the respective disciplines.

Air Force civilian personnel who meet the Office of Personnel Management standards for safety

and occupational health manager or specialist, safety engineering technician, safety engineer, fire

protection engineer or specialist, medical officer, health physicist, industrial hygienist,

occupational health nurse or environmental health technician job qualification standards. Safety,

fire protection, and health personnel with experience or up-to-date training in occupational safety,

fire protection, and health hazard recognition and evaluation are considered as meeting the

qualifications of safety, fire protection, and health inspectors. Air Force military personnel, who

possess a safety, fire protection, Bioenvironmental Engineering, aerospace medicine, or medicine

Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC). Government civilian employees are considered fully qualified

IAW 29 CFR Part 1960 and military at the AFSC 7-level or can be a 5-level if task certified. (See

29 CFR § 1960.25).

DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020 207

Radioactive Material—Materials that generate, or are capable of generating, ionizing radiation

including naturally occurring radioactive materials, by-product materials, source materials, special

nuclear materials, fission products, materials containing induced or deposited radioactivity, and

nuclear reactors.

Range User—Any individual or organization that conducts or supports any activity on resources

(land, sea, or air) owned or controlled by an Air Force range. This includes such organizations as

the DoD, US government agencies, civilian launch operators, foreign government agencies, and

other foreign entities that use Air Force range facilities and test equipment; conduct pre-launch

and launch operations; and/or require on-orbit or other related support.

Rapid Response Report (RRR)—A form used to provide data to OSHA Investigators during

civilian-related mishaps with injures. OSHA Investigators may request mishap data, the RRR

completed either by the USR or Supervisor will meet this requirement.

Reentry—The event occurring when a spacecraft or other man-made object comes back into

Earth’s dense atmosphere from higher altitudes.

Reporting Culture—One of the four sub-cultures that make up an Informed Culture. A Reporting

Culture thrives in a climate where leaders encourage both hazard reporting for appropriate staff

action and error reporting for Airmen passing along lessons learned. As events are reported,

hazards and errors are documented and messaged, resulting in safety performance improvement.

Risk—See Collective risk. The probability and severity of loss or adverse impact from exposure

to various hazards.

Risk Analysis—The analysis of systems (hardware, software, firmware, and procedures) to

determine potential hazards that could result in loss of personnel, injury to personnel, loss or

degradation of the system, or loss of life or injury to the public.

Risk Management—The application of a systematic process or thinking to detect, assess, and

control risk to enhance total organizational performance.

Safe/Safing—Placing an object in a condition that limits the possibility of new or further system

or component failures.

Safe Haven—Designated area to which noncombatants of the United States Government’s

responsibility, and commercial vehicles and material, may evacuate during a domestic or other

valid emergency. Temporary storage provided Department of Energy classified shipment

transporters at Department of Defense workplaces to assure the safety and security of nuclear

material and/or non-nuclear classified material. Also includes parking for commercial vehicles

containing Class A or Class B explosives.

Safety—The programs, RM activities, and organizational and cultural values dedicated to

preventing injuries and accidental loss of human and material resources, and to protecting the

environment from the damaging effects of DoD mishaps.

Safety Assessment—Method of appraising the effectiveness of mishap prevention program

management used by wing safety staffs to evaluate each standalone group and squadron safety

program conformance and effectiveness within the safety management system (SMS). Like

program evaluations, assessments address the areas of commander and supervisory support,

compliance with program directives, and the effectiveness of mishap prevention program.

Assessments may be conducted in conjunction with the required annual safety inspection.

208 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

Safety Evaluation—Method of appraising the effectiveness of mishap prevention program

management used by AFSEC to evaluate MAJCOM/FLDCOM/DRU safety program conformance

and effectiveness within the SMS. Also used for FOAs with assigned safety staffs. Addresses the

areas of commander supervisory support, compliance with program directives and the

effectiveness of the mishap prevention program.

Safety Program Evaluation—Method of appraising the effectiveness of mishap prevention

program management used by MAJCOM/FLDCOM/DRU/FOA safety staffs to evaluate wing,

NAF and Center safety program conformance and effectiveness within the SMS. Also used for

FOAs with assigned safety staffs. Addresses the areas of commander supervisory support,

compliance with program directives and the effectiveness of the mishap prevention program.

Satellite—See Payload or Spacecraft. An object that orbits another object known as a central

body. Commonly, this term refers to Non-Human Spaceflight spacecraft in orbit around the Earth.

Satellite Control Authority—The authority to plan, schedule, and perform satellite commanding.

Separation—Occurs when the last launch vehicle component (to include non-integrated apogee

kick motors) physically separates from the spacecraft. Final separation occurs when both physical

separation and any tethers detach from the spacecraft.

Service Contract—A contract that directly engages the time and effort of a contractor whose

primary purpose is to perform an identifiable task rather than to furnish an end item of supply.

This contract may be either a non-personal or personal contract. It can also cover services

performed by either professional or unprofessional personnel whether on an individual or

organizational basis.

Significant Deficiencies—Any validated deficiencies that have or could have negative mission

impact.

Slag—Solid material in solid rocket motor exhaust.

Spacecraft—A man-made object either that orbits a central body (planet or star) or is in an escape

trajectory (eccentricity > 1) from that central body. This can include both Earth-orbiting and

interplanetary spacecraft.

Spacecraft—See Satellite and Payload. An object designed to perform some function in space.

This includes satellites and Human Space Flight objects in space. This term can also refer to the

object while it is still on the ground. This does NOT include launch vehicle components separated

from the spacecraft.

Space And Missile Systems Center (SMC)—A direct reporting unit to USSF that develops and

acquires space launch vehicles, spacecraft, and range systems for the Air Force.

Space Control—Operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the United States, its allies,

and when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space.

Space Debris—See Meteoroids and Orbital Debris. General class of debris, including both

meteoroids and orbital debris.

Space Mishap—Any unplanned event involving space systems that results in personnel injury,

system damage/destruction, or mission capability loss/delay. For reporting purposes, it also

includes near misses, close calls, and HAP events.

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Space Object—Any object above the Earth’s atmosphere (e.g., spacecraft, debris, natural

phenomena).

Space Safety—A dynamic process designed to improve operational effectiveness by

managing/preventing close calls (events), reducing mishaps, and supporting mission assurance

throughout the life cycle of a space system.

Space Safety Manager—Personnel assigned to a Space Mishap Prevention or Mishap

Investigation role.

Space Systems—All the devices and organizations forming the space network. These consist of:

launch vehicles; launch ranges; launch and range support equipment and systems; spacecraft;

ground and airborne stations; and data links among spacecraft, mission, and user terminals. Space

systems refer to the equipment required for space operations, comprised of nodes and links. There

are three types of nodes: space, airborne, and terrestrial. Space nodes include satellites, space

stations, or reusable space transportation systems. Airborne nodes are primarily aircraft weapon

systems that leverage space capabilities. Terrestrial nodes include any land or sea equipment that

receives, processes, or uses data derived from space capabilities. Information conduits called links

tie these nodes together. There are two classification types of these links: control and mission.

Space operators use control links to operate Space systems. Space systems disseminate data on

mission links, which enable force multiplication.

Space Vehicles—Devices designed for orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory toward another

celestial body. This definition differentiates between vehicles that remain in space (included) and

vehicles that are suborbital (excluded).

Spot Inspection—These inspections are no-notice inspections to check the day-to-day safety and

health of an organization, work center, facility, etc.

Standards—Safety and health standards (including emergency temporary standards) issued under

the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Title 29, U.S.C., Sections 651-678). This includes

national consensus standards adopted by OSHA by reference.

Suborbital—object trajectory that does not complete a complete orbit.

System Safety—The application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and

techniques throughout all phases of the system life-cycle to optimize safety within the constraints

of operational effectiveness, time, and cost.

System Safety Engineer (SSE)—An individual meeting the qualifications for, and assigned to,

the Office of Personnel Management 0803 Safety Engineering Series (or equivalent), or military

AFSC of either 62-series Developmental Engineer or 61-series Scientist. An SSE may be assigned

as a System Safety Manager (SSM).

System Safety Groups (SSGs)—The organized committee of system safety stakeholders that

augment the program office system safety function; it is not a substitute or replacement. While

many SSG members are not assigned to the Program Office, they advise the system program

manager or single manager on safety matters. They act as an integrated product team for system

safety. The members assist the program office in identifying risks, assessing these risks, and

recommending solutions to these risks. The SSG includes safety experts associated with the

particular weapon system.

210 DAFI91-202 20 MARCH 2020

System Safety Manager—The individual appointed by the Program Manager as the program

focal point for the System Safety Program.

System Safety Working Groups (SSWGs)—Are a subset of System Safety Groups (SSGs).

SSWGs are usually formed when a full SSG wants to research a problem without tying-up the full

membership. The SSG will generally form an SSWG to work a problem separately and report back

to the SSG. An SSWG augments an SSG; it's not a substitute.

Team Concept—A diverse group of individuals working together with complementary skills who

are committed to a common purpose, have group goals, take an approach for which they are

mutually accountable.

TRiPS—(Travel Risk Planning System)—TRiPS program assists in travel planning. TRiPS is

accessed through the Air Force portal (https://trips.safety.army.mil/).

Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR)—A number that represents the total recordable civilian

injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time employees, calculated for a worksite for a specified period

of time (usually one year).

Uncontrolled Reentry—See Controlled Reentry. A random reentry in which the spacecraft/object

reenters the atmosphere where an operator cannot sufficiently determine or influence the surface

impact point prior to reentry. This is the typical reentry method for debris and spacecraft in decay

orbits where the final reentry point and time is underdetermined due to uncertainty in atmospheric

density conditions due to the extended time period between disposal and reentry.

Unique Space Support Equipment—Systems, equipment, and facilities required for supporting

other space systems. Includes launch and orbital space support systems.

Uniquely Military Equipment, Systems and Operations—Defined in 29 CFR § 1960.2(i) and

further refined in DoDI 6055.01, Enclosure 3, paragraph 2.

Unit Safety Representative—General term for a person assigned to a unit who is responsible for

the additional duty safety responsibilities. May be a representative of flight, occupational or

weapons, and may include a more specific title such as Additional Duty Weapons Safety

Representative or Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer, etc.

United States—The several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealths of Puerto Rico

and the Northern Marina Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Midway and Wake Islands, the United

States Virgin Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, and associated

navigable waters, contiguous zones, and ocean waters of which the natural resources are under the

exclusive management authority of the United States.

Upper Stage—Typically, the last portion of a launch vehicle used to deliver a spacecraft into orbit.

Some spacecraft may also have an apogee kick solid-rocket motor or other propulsion system, to

include mono or bi-propellant chemical rocket engine thrusters, electric, or ionic propulsion

thrusters.

Urgent Action Notice—Significant event notifications sent out by the Air Force Service Watch

Center (AFSWC). These notifications are also called AFSWC notifications.

Variance—An approved temporary change (not to exceed 5 years) to a procedure, criterion, or

rule prescribed in safety standards which provides the same degree of protection to personnel.

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Wing Commander/System Program Office (SPO) Director—Commander/Director of a

wing/office that acquires, operates, or supports Space Systems.

Workplace—The physical location where work is performed for the Air Force by Air Force

personnel or where Air Force operations take place.