JETIR Research Journal

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b144

A Case Study of Black Spots at Amravati City

and Proposal of Mitigation Measures.

Mr. Linkan N. Gajbhiye

1

, Dr. M. R. Vyawahare

2

, Prof Ankit. I. Malviya

3

Prof Ashish R. Bijwe

4

1

PG Student, M.E Transportation Engineering and Management, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Technology

and Research, (SGBAU) Amravati, Maharashtra, India

2

Professor and Head, Civil Engineering Department, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Technology and

Research, (SGBAU) Amravati, Maharashtra, India

3

Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Technology and

Research, (SGBAU) Amravati, Maharashtra, India

4

Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Technology and

Research, (SGBAU) Amravati, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: A case study at, “Amravati Welcome point to Badnera Y point” which is around 15km. The annual, monthly,

hourly variation of accident rate on the road and vehicles involved in fatalities have been presented. The route is divided into 5

stretches. 1

st

stretch is from “Welcome point Amravati to Irwin Square”, 2

nd

stretch is from “Irwin square to Rajapeth police

station”, 3rd stretch is from “Rajapeth police station to Sai Nagar”, 4

th

stretch is from “Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera”, and

5

th

stretch is from “Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point”. The stretch is around 15 km from “Welcome Point Amravati to

Badnera Y Point”. In this stretch maximum number of accidents occur at 1

st

, 2

nd

and 3

rd

stretch where 4

th

and 5

th

stretch is having

less numbers of accidents as compare first 3 stretches. Finding out the reasons/causes for those accidents and to suggest

mitigation measures in order to reduce accidents and if possible, to eliminate the causes which contribute to the accidents. In

this study it is mention that why accidents occur on those places reasons of accidents and suggest mitigation measures to reduce

accidents in those stretch. The present work deals with the study of BLACK SPOTS in Amravati city by collecting past Five-

year First Investigation Reports from Amravati City Police station and Badnera police station to analysed the major causes for

accidents on the selected stretch. Due to this we get to know the numbers of accidents and reasons of accidents are mention and

preventive mitigation measures also given in this study.

IndexTerms - Black spots, Stretch, Mitigation measures

I INTRODUCTION

Road network of a country is one of the most important factors responsible for the economic and social

development of that country. India has a high population and requires a large amount of transportation services like air,

land and water transportation. Road network is the only means of transportation which has deep penetration in all areas

and responsible for door-to-door service. Road safety is an issue of national concern, considering its magnitude and

gravity and the consequent negative impacts on the economy, public health and the general welfare of the people. Today,

Road Traffic Injuries are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations, with severe socioeconomic

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b145

costs, across the world. Hence it is very important to increase and maintain the road network of our country. Maharashtra

is one of the fastest growing states in India. In this study we are going to see the accident rate due to black spot in

Amravati city. In Amravati city we have consider 5 stretch to check the accidents at those stretch. 1

st

stretch is from

“Welcome point Amravati to Irwin Square”, 2

nd

stretch is from “Irwin square to Rajapeth police station”, 3rd stretch is

from “Rajapeth police station to Sai Nagar”, 4

th

stretch is from “Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera”, and 5

th

stretch is from

“Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point”. The stretch is around 15 km from “Welcome Point Amravati to Badnera Y

Point”. In this stretch maximum number of accidents occur at 1

st

, 2

nd

and 3

rd

stretch where 4

th

and 5

th

stretch is having less

numbers of accidents as compare first 3 stretches. Finding out the reasons/causes for those accidents and to suggest

mitigation measures in order to reduce accidents and if possible, to eliminate the causes which contribute to the accidents.

II OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1. Identification of black spot on selected road.

2. Visual survey is determined at the black spot to identify the causes for the accident.

3. Detailed analysis of top ranked black spots.

4. Suggesting mitigation measures to reduce accidents.

1. ROAD SELECTED FOR STUDY

Two-lane road of about 15 Km from Amravati Welcome Point to Badnera Y point Road was chosen for

this study. The road was divided into five stretches. The following stretches were selected for data collection.

Stretch 1 – Amravati Welcome Point to Irwin Square.

Stretch 2 – Irwin Square to Rajapeth Police Station.

Stretch 3 – Rajapeth police station to Sai Nagar.

Stretch 4 – Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera.

Stretch 5 – Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point Road.

Fig. 1: Road selected for study

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b146

1.1. Stretch 1 – Amravati Welcome Point to Irwin Square

The route from Amravati welcome point to Irwin square consist of three black spot due to which more

accident occurs. This black spot is having crossings, hidden areas, less wide road, road side shop,

overcrowded area due to colleges, traffic signals etc. due to which accidents occur at this place.

Fig. 2: Stretch 1 – Amravati Welcome Point to Irwin Square Google Map

1.2. Stretch 2 – Irwin Square to Rajapeth Police Station

The Stretch is from Irwin square to Rajapeth police station. In this Stretch the accidents occur due to over

crowed, Road side shop, less wide road, Rush due Government hospital at this stretch, traffic signal, flyover which is

having extra curvature due to which accidents occur. Now on that curvature barricades are install to reduce accidents.

Also install speed breakers on flyover to reduce vehicle speed. This stretch is overcrowded due to market place of food,

vehicle, mobile, cloths, due to which lots of accidents occur in this stretch.

Fig. 3: Stretch 2 – Irwin Square to Rajapeth Police Station Google Map

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b147

1.3. Stretch 3 – Rajapeth police station to Sai Nagar

Rajapeth police station to Sai Nagar This black spot is having crossings, hidden areas, less wide road,

road side shop, overcrowded area due to colleges, traffic signals etc. due to which accidents occur at this

place. Now on this stretch new shopping mall like Tapadia city mall, D Mart, food stalls at road side due to

which there is no extra widening of road available for transportation due to which there is rush at Gopal Nagar

area on this route lots of crossings are present due to which accidents occur.

Fig. 4: Stretch 3 – Rajapeth Police Station to Sai Nagar Google Map

1.4. Stretch 4 – Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera

The stretch from the Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera is not that busy route. In this stretch less accident

occurs. This route is having less rush because it is not that much developed as compare to previous stretch.

There are less shops near road side there is enough road side and on this stretch less accident occur. There are

few T junction on main road due to which sometimes accidents occur. From Old town Badnera to old town

flyover cement concrete 4 lane road is constructed due to which extra widening is provided to this road and

the result is less accident.

Fig. 5: Stretch 4 – Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera Google Map

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b148

1.5. Stretch 5 – Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point Road

The stretch from Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point Road consist of lots of T-junction on main

road. There are some black spot presents on this route. Badnera is Railway junction due to which every train

stop at junction and lots of passenger from Amravati travel from Badnera to Amravati via auto rickshaw. Auto

rickshaw stand are on road side it will create traffic. There are some crossing junctions are present on this

route. On crossing there is no traffic light everyone breaks traffic rule due to which lots of accidents occur.

Fig. 6: Stretch 5 – Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point Road Google Map

2. CASE STUDY AND DATA COLLECTION

2.1 Data Collection

The information available for accident studies is the FIR (First Information Report) lodged in the police stations.

The data from these records of last eleven years (2017-2022) were extracted from the FIR record filed under IPC

no.279/337/338/304 (A). Vehicles those involved in accidents and reported in the F.I.R with the details of accident.

Traffic volume count survey is done for total traffic on stretch.

2.2 Annual Variation in Accidents

The annual variation in accidents of total stretches during year 2018-2022. It is observed that percentage accidents

are increasing in most of the year. In the year 2018 accident rate was high and low in the year 2020-2021 due to Covid-

19. Increase in accidents may be due to increase in number of vehicles, increase in population, bad traffic environment

etc.

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b149

Table 2.1: Traffic Volume Count of Total Stretch

Table 2.2: Annual Variation in Accidents

Graph 2.1: Annual Variation in Accidents on Stretch-1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

STRETCH -1

Sr.No.

Location

Total Traffic Count

Ranking

1.

Rajkamal Square

34214

1

2.

Rajapeth Square

33838

2

3.

Irwin Square

25687

3

4.

Nawathe Square

16954

4

5.

Gopal Nagar

15655

5

6.

Welcome point

10388

6

7.

New Town Badnera

8659

7

8.

Old Town Badnera

7607

8

9.

Sai Nagar

6639

9

Years

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Total

Stretch-1 (S1)

19

15

7

6

12

59

Stretch-2 (S2)

23

17

5

9

17

71

Stretch-3 (S3)

15

13

3

7

14

52

Stretch-4 (S4)

18

9

1

3

6

37

Stretch-5 (S5)

12

11

0

1

8

32

No. of

Accidents

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b150

Graph 2.2: Annual Variation in Accidents on Stretch-2

Graph 2.3: Annual Variation in Accidents on Stretch-3

Graph 2.4: Annual Variation in Accidents on Stretch-4

0

5

10

15

20

25

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

STRETCH-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

STRETCH-3

0

5

10

15

20

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

STRETCH-4

No. of

Accidents

No. of

Accidents

No. of

Accidents

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b151

Graph 2.5: Annual Variation in Accidents on Stretch-4

Table 2.3: Details of Accidents on Stretches

YEAR

FATAL

MAJOR

MINOR

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

2018

3

2

3

1

7

5

3

9

14

7

12

8

2019

2

3

1

2

1

4

6

4

3

9

8

4

7

2020

1

0

2

1

0

4

3

2

1

0

2021

0

1

0

2

3

1

0

4

5

6

3

1

2022

1

2

1

0

3

4

1

2

8

11

9

5

6

Graph 2.6: Fatal Accidents

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

STRETCH-5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

FATAL ACCIDENTS

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

No. of

Accidents

No. of

Fatal

Accidents

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b152

Graph 2.7: Major Accidents

Graph 2.8: Minor Accidents

2.3 Accident Rate

Accident Rate =M/L

Where, M= Total no of Accidents of a stretch.

L= Length of Road.

Table 2.4: Accident Rate from 2018 to 2022

Years

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Accident Rate

Stretch-1 (2.6km)

19

16

4

7

13

59/2.6=22.69

Stretch-2 (2.2km)

23

17

5

9

17

71/2.2=31.81

Stretch-3 (3.4km)

15

13

3

7

14

52/3.4=15.29

Stretch-4 (4.9km)

18

9

1

3

6

37/4.9=7.55

Stretch-5 (4.4km)

12

11

0

1

8

32 /4.4=7.27

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

MAJOR ACCIDENTS

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

MINOR ACCIDENTS

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

No. of

Major

Accidents

No. of

Minor

Accidents

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b153

Table 2.5: Ranking Position of Black Spot

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Based on the analysis of this project it is found that Stretch 1, 2 and 3 is having more numbers of accident as

compare to stretch 4 and 5. Stretch 1, 2 and 3 is very populated and congested areas due to which lots of accidents

occur.

Table 3.1: Black Spot at Stretch-1

Stretch

Location

Black Spot

Ranking

Stretch-2

Irwin Square to Rajapeth Police Station

1

Stretch-1

Amravati Welcome Point to Irwin Square

2

Stretch-3

Rajapeth police station to Sai Nagar

3

Stretch-4

Sai Nagar to Old Town Badnera

4

Stretch-5

Old Town Badnera to Badnera Y point Road

5

Black Spot Location

Problems

Safety Enhancement

Welcome Point

• Private buses and auto stand cover

most of the road side.

• No Speed limit.

• Divider is not provided.

• Parking of vehicles on shoulder.

• As per IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided.

• As per IRC 67:2010 Speed limit Sign

Board Should Provide.

• As per IRC 86:1983 Provide Divider

Minimum Width 1.2m.

Panchavati Square

• Crossing cause accidents.

• Speed limit is not set.

• Speed breaker is not before signal.

• Pedestrians required

• As per IRC 103:2022 Provide

Pedestrians Facilities.

• IRC 65:1976 Provide traffic rotary

to regulate traffic automatically

• As per IRC 99:1988 Speed

Breakers Provided.

• As per IRC 67:2010 Speed limit

Sign Board Should Provide.

Irwin Square

• Crossing at Irwin square cause

accident

• Over speeding and drunken

driving led to accidents

particularly during the night time

at this stretch.

• Rotary Intersection required at Irwin

square.

• As per IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided.

• As per IRC 103:2022 Provide

Pedestrians Facilities.

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b154

Table 3.2: Black Spot at Stretch-2

Table 3.3: Black Spot at Stretch-3

Accident Location

Problems

Safety Enhancement

Rajapeth

• Use of Road Shoulder for

Parking.

• Over speeding and drunken

driving led to accidents

• Narrow flyover and stiff landing

at Rajapeth flyover.

• IRC Code 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided

• Restrict Road side parking.

• IRC 35:1997 Road marking with

paint

• IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided

Gopal Nagar

• Over speeding, Road side parking

at D-Mart and Tapadia Mall

• Railway crossing cause traffic

jams.

• Trucks play a major role for

accidents in this area.

• IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided

• Underpass required at Gopal Nagar

railway crossing.

• IRC 103:2012 Provide Pedestrians

Facilities.

• IRC 67:2010 Speed limit Sign

Board Should Provided

Accident Location

Problems

Safety Enhancement

Cotton Market

Crossing

• Cotton market Y intersection

causes accidents at this location

• Parking of vehicles on shoulder

• Speed breaker is not there

• Speed limit is not set.

• IRC Code 86:1983 Provide Divider

Minimum Width 1.2m Road Junction

Improvement,

• IRC Code 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provide.

• IRC Code 67:2010 Speed limit Sign

Board Should Provide

Shyam Chowk

• Wrong side crossing of vehicle.

• Traffic rotary intersection not

given

• No sign boards

• No speed limit

• IRC 65:1976 Provide traffic rotary

to regulate traffic automatically

• IRC 67:2010 Mandatory Warning

and Informative Sign Board

• IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided

Rajkamal

• Over speeding and drunken

driving led to accidents

particularly during the night

time at this stretch.

• Over speeding, Road side

parking.

• IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers Provided

Required.

• Provide the zebra crossings for the safe

crossing of the pedestrians.

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b155

Table 3.4: Black Spot at Stretch-4

Table 3.5: Black Spot at Stretch-5

Accident Location

Problems

Safety Enhancement

Sai Nagar

• Buses and auto stand cover most

of the road side.

• Parking of vehicles on shoulder’s

• Use of Road Shoulder for

Parking.

• IRC 103:2012 Provide

Pedestrians Facilities

Clearance required

• IRC 67:2010 Speed limit

Sign Board Should Provide.

• IRC 99:1988 Speed

Breakers Provided

Old Town

Badnera

• Over speeding, Road side

parking.

• Wrong side crossing of

vehicle.

• Over speeding and drunken

driving led to accidents

• Trucks play a major role for

accidents in this area.

• Road Potholes leads to

accidents

• IRC 103:2012 Provide

Pedestrians Facilities

• IRC 67:2010 Mandatory

Warning and Informative

Sign Board.

• IRC 35:1997 Road marking

with paint Remove or

Repair Road Potholes.

Accident Location

Problems

Safety Enhancement

Gandhi

Chowk

• Private buses and auto stand cover

most of the road side.

• Crossing makes confusion to driver

• No rotary intersection

• IRC 65:1976 Provide traffic

rotary to regulate traffic

automatically

• IRC 35:1997

Road marking with paint.

Badnera

Railway

Bridge

• Less carriageway of Badnera

railway flyover

• Provide the zebra crossings for

the safe crossing of the

pedestrians.

• Provide extra widening to

Badnera railway flyover

• IRC 103:2012 Provide

Pedestrians Facilities

Yavatmal

Y Point

• Speed breaker required before

Stiff turning of Yavatmal Y

junction

• Rotary intersection required at

Yavatmal Y point

• IRC 99:1988 Speed Breakers

Provided

• IRC 65:1976 Provide traffic

rotary to regulate traffic

automatically

Badnera Y

Point

• Crossing at Badnera Y point

makes confusion to Nagpur

Mumbai Highway Drivers

• Speed breaker required for

speed limit

• Provide Flyover at NH 3 to

avoid drivers confusion of

Nagpur Mumbai Highway

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b156

CONCLUSION

1) According to the Ranking Position of Black Spot from Table 2.5, on 1

st

Ranking is Stretch-2, 2

nd

is Stretch-

1, 3

rd

is Stretch-3, 4

th

is Stretch-4 and 5

th

is Stretch-5.

2) Stretch 2

nd

has 71 numbers of accidents in which Irwin Square, Cotton Market Road, Shyam Chowk,

Rajkamal Square are black spot on stretch 2

nd

. The accident rate can be decreased by road side clearance, junction

improvement, and proper maintenance of shoulders and IRC recommendation implementation of rotary intersection

at Irwin Square can help in reduction of accidents on 2

nd

stretch. Speed limit should be brought down by providing

speed breakers near accident spots. Providing Off-street parking facility.

3) Stretch 1

st

have 59 numbers of accidents in which Welcome point, Panchavati Square, Irwin Square are

black spot on stretch 1st. The accident rate can be reduced by providing speed breakers, signalized junction, junction

improvement, and shoulder Clearance, shifting of poles, installation of humps, removal of trees near the edge of

pavement etc.

4) Stretch 3

rd

have 52 numbers of accidents in which Rajapeth Square, Gopal Nagar are black spot on stretch

3

rd

. Accidents can be minimized by clearing-off shoulders, reducing speed limit, junction improvement, providing the

medians, improving road condition, providing underpass at Gopal Nagar Railway crossing.

5) Stretch 4

th

has 37 numbers of accidents in which Sai Nagar, Old town Badnera are black spot on stretch

4

th

. Speed limit reduction near junction should be provided to prevent accidents. Provide speed breakers to reduce speed.

6) Stretch 5

th

has 32 numbers of accidents in which Gandhi Square, Badnera railway flyover, Yavatmal Y

Point, Badnera Y point are black spot at stretch 5. Provide flyover at Badnera y point on NH6 for ease of Highway

user. Provide extra widening Proper lighting should provide on this stretch from Akola Road to Badnera y point.

7) In this study it is found that more numbers of accidents occur at stretch 1

st

, 2

nd

and 3

rd

where 4

th

and 5

th

stretch is having less numbers of accidents as compare first 3 stretches.

REFERENCES

[1] Anjali. M. More, 2017, Analysis of Accident Rate at Black Spots on NH-6, Amravati (Maharashtra) International

Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 6, Issue 10, 2018 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

[2] Athira Mohan, 2017, Identification Of Accident Black Spots On National Highway ,International Journal of Civil

Engineering and Technology,8(4), 588-596

[3] Shaik Salauddin, 2013 Black Spots Studies On National Highway 209 Kanakpura Road Bangalore for a Stretch of

15km. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013 IJERT ISSN:

2278-0181

[4] K P Deepdarshan, 2020, A CASE STUDY OF BLACK SPOTS AT MANGALORE CITY AND PROPOSAL OF

MITIGATION MEASURES, 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 4 April 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882

[5] N. Naveen Kumar, 2019, Identification of Black Spots & Accident Analysis on SH – 4, Journal of Emerging

Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) ISSN-2349-5162

[6] Dinesh K Yadav, 2021, Mitigation Of Black-Spot’s on Highways by The Application of Safe System Approach,

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology Print ISSN: 2395-6011

[7] Nikhil.T.R, 2013, Identification of Black Spots and Improvements to Junctions in Bangalore City, International

Journal of Scientific Research, 2(8), 131-139

JETIR23090119

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org

b157

[8] Maen Ghadi, 2017, Comparison Different Black Spot Identification Methods, Transportation Research Procedia 27

(2017), 1105–1112

[9] K. Chandrasekhar Reddy, 2017 , Identification of Accident Black Spots on Puttur to Ramagiri Road and Remedial

Road Engineering & Traffic Calming Measures, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering

Technology ,5 (9),239-244

[10] Maltas, A., Ozen, H., & Saracoglu, A., 2018, Identification of Accident Black Spots Using Network Screening: The

Case of Sogutlucesme-15 Temmuz Sehitler Bridge Corridor, 9, 383-394.

[11] Srinivasan, N. S., Iyer, V. S., Chand, M., and Srinath, K., Scientific identification and improvement of accident

prone locations on national highways in Kerala, Journal of the Indian Road Congress, Vol.48 (3), pp.1-10, 1987.

[12] Rao, B. S., Madhu., E., Jalihal, S., Reddy, T. S., Accident Study on National Highway – 5 Between Anakapalli to

Visakhapatnam, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 1973 – 198

[13] Aruna D. Thube, and Dattatraya T. Thube., Accident Black Spots on Rural Highways in India: A Case Study.

IJCIET. Vol: 1, Issue: 1. PP.55-67, 2010