0 December 2019
NEWBORN HOME VISITING
NEWBORN HOME VISITING PILOT PROGRAM
NEWBORN HOME VISITING
CONTENTS
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Goals and Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
Definitions/Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Program Explanation ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Family Connects .................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Help Me Grow ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
The Current State of Affairs .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Background and Context ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Statewide and Local Planning Efforts .................................................................................................................................. 4
Prior Financial Planning for Expansion of Home Visiting Through Medicaid ...................................................................... 5
Funding Options For Implementing Family Connects Across Washington ............................................................................. 6
Medicaid .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Medicaid in Washington ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Title IV-E ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Private Insurance .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Other Funding Sources ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Washington’s Plan for Implementation ................................................................................................................................ 16
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
1 December 2019
NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Goals and Introduction
Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1109 was signed into law on May 21, 2019, by Governor Jay Inslee. In Section 225 is a
budget proviso and request for a report to identify different methods for funding a brief, universally-offered and
voluntary newborn home visiting model. The Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) was asked to
specifically look at the feasibility of leveraging other types of funds, including Medicaid and Title IV-E to offer this model.
DCYF chose to also look into the feasibility of private, local governmental and private insurance funding.
(bb) $379,000 of the general fundstate appropriation for fiscal year 2020 and $871,000 of the general fund
state appropriation for fiscal year 2021 are provided solely for the department of children, youth, and families to
contract with a county-wide nonprofit organization with early childhood expertise in Pierce county for a pilot
project to prevent child abuse and neglect using nationally recognized models. Of the amounts provided: (i)
$323,000 of the general fundstate appropriation for fiscal year 2020 and $333,000 of the general fundstate
appropriation for fiscal year 2021 are provided solely for the nonprofit organization to convene stakeholders to
implement a countywide resource and referral linkage system for families of children who are prenatal through
age five. (ii) $56,000 of the general fundstate appropriation for fiscal year 2020 and $539,000 of the general
fundstate appropriation for fiscal year 2021 are provided solely for the nonprofit organization to offer a
voluntary brief newborn home visiting program. The program must meet the diverse needs of Pierce county
residents and, therefore, it must be flexible, culturally appropriate, and culturally responsive. The department,
in collaboration with the nonprofit organization, must examine the feasibility of leveraging federal and other
fund sources, including federal Title IV-E and Medicaid funds, for home visiting provided through the pilot. The
department must report its findings to the governor and appropriate legislative committees by December 1,
2019.
Based on the legislative criteria of using a nationally recognized model that offers a voluntary, brief home visiting
program, only one model explicitly meets this definition Family Connects. Family Connects is a brief, universally-
offered and voluntary home visiting model made available to all families with newborns residing within a defined service
area. The model aims to support families’ efforts to enhance maternal and child health and well-being and reduce rates
of child abuse and neglect. It consists of one to three home visits by nurses, typically when the infant is 2-12 weeks old,
and follow-up contact with families and community agencies to confirm families’ successful linkages with community
resources.
During the initial home visit, a nurse conducts a physical health assessment of the mother and newborn, screens families
for potential risk factors associated with mother’s and infant’s health and well-being and may offer direct assistance
(such as guidance on infant feeding and sleeping). Based on the global assessment of family needs, when a family
expresses multiple needs the nurse connects them to community resources such as traditional, targeted and intensive
home visiting; a medical home; social support services such as the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Nutrition plan or
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); or an active resource and referral system such as a Help Me Grow
network for ongoing miscellaneous needs, developmental screens or assistance for older children in the home. Program
staff collaborate with local agencies that serve families with children from birth to age 5 years.
The model began as a pilot under the name Durham Connects and is replicated under the name Family Connects.
Dissemination of the Family Connects model is a collaborative endeavor between the Duke Center for Child & Family
Policy (CCFP) and the Center for Child & Family Health (CCFH). CCFP oversees ongoing research/evaluation, model
innovation and technical assistance related to early childhood policy in communities considering enhancements to their
early childhood system of care. CCFH serves as the national training and quality assurance center for the model.
Collectively, under the name “Family Connects International,” staff from both CCFH and CCFP serve as faculty and
consultants for Family Connects implementation initiatives across the county.
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Definitions/Glossary
The Department of Children, Youth & Families (DCYF): The Washington State agency charged with administering the
funds and monitoring the progress of this pilot. DCYF is an agency focused on the well-being of children, youth and
families. DCYF is in charge of child welfare services and early learning programming.
Department of Health (DOH): The Washington State agency charged with administering programs and services that help
prevent illness and injury, promote healthy places to live and work, provide information to help people make good
health decisions and ensure the state is prepared for emergencies.
Family First Prevention Services Act: The Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA) was signed into law on Feb. 9, 2018,
with a goal to enhance public child welfare agencies while creating new opportunities for states to receive federal
reimbursements for services that aide in preventing children from entering foster care and improve the well-being of
children already in the system.
First 5 FUNdamentals: The implementing non-profit agency for this pilot in Pierce County. Their mission is to mobilize
and inspire communities to achieve their collective goals for children and families.
Home Visiting Services Account (HVSA): Established by the legislature in 2010 (RCW 43.216.130), Washington pioneered a
unique way to administer home visiting services with a private-public partnership. This partnership brings together
state, federal and private dollars to support the portfolio of high-quality proven and promising programs. DCYF oversees
the management of all grants, contracts, reports and data collection. The private-public partnership entity leads in
supporting existing programs with coaching, community capacity building and implementation supports for programs to
offer the highest quality services.
Model/Program: These terms are used interchangeably throughout and intended to mean a program that is
implemented with articulated design and standards and that can be evaluated according to those designs and standards.
MIECHV: The Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program facilitates collaboration and
partnership at the federal, state and community levels to improve the health of at-risk children through evidence-based
home visiting programs. The home visiting programs reach pregnant women, expectant fathers and parents and
caregivers of children under the age of 5. It is administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
in collaboration with the Administration for Children and Families (ACF). To be eligible for MIECHV funding, a program
must be listed on the HomVEE (Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness) list.
Traditional Intensive, Home Visiting: Services offered in the home, over an extended amount of time to a specific priority
population. Two model examples are Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) and Parents As Teachers (PAT). NFP is offered to
pregnant, low-income, first-time mothers and their children through age 2. PAT is offered to populations based on HVSA
priorities and specific communities, and can serve families prenatally and with children through kindergarten entry.
The Washington Health Care Authority (HCA): The Washington State agency administering and monitoring Apple Health
(Medicaid) and the Public Employees Benefits Board (PEBB) Program, and, beginning in 2020, the School Employees
Benefits Board (SEBB) Program.
Within Reach: A Seattle-based non-profit that is the National Affiliate for Help Me Grow. Their mission is to strive to
create healthy, equitable and vibrant communities in Washington where all families have the opportunity to thrive.
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Program Explanation
Family Connects
Family Connects® is an evidence-based, universally offered and community-wide outreach/“light touch” home visiting
program for all families of newborns regardless of income or socioeconomic status. The model assists in earlier
assessment of family need and increases child well-being by bridging the gap between family needs and community
resources. A Family Connects® nurse visitor will connect with every family of a newborn (mother, father, foster parents,
kinship caregiver and other family structures with a newborn) in their home. Family Connectis shown to improve
family well-being, including reducing emergency medical care for infants and improving parent behavior and the quality
of child care selection.
The program provides between one and three nurse home visits to every family with a newborn beginning at about
three weeks of age, regardless of income or demographic risk. Using a tested screening tool, the nurse measures
newborn and maternal health and assesses strengths and needs to link the family to community resources. In some
cases, Family Connects® recommends eligible families enroll in long-term programs, such as Early Head Start, Nurse-
Family Partnership (NFP) and others.
Additionally, in Pierce County as in other areas where it is active, the nurse will connect all interested families with the
Help Me Grow referral network. Nurses regularly address maternal and infant health concerns, home safety issues,
breastfeeding, depression and mental health needs, substance use, interpersonal violence and relationship issues, child
care access, parenting education, family planning, financial concerns, social support and more through assessment.
Universal reach addresses community norms related to help-seeking or accessing services by normalizing that all families
need help at some time, especially when they have a new baby. All families with a newborn are vulnerable; targeting
demographic risk does not address all families with vulnerabilities and needs. The cost for implementation of Family
Connects® is $600 - $800 per birth in a service area. With an expansion in the number of children and families receiving
early light touch home visiting and assessment services, an increased need is anticipated for referral to case
management services, early intervention, more intensive home visiting models and more support in the early learning
system. These referrals, under this model, would be provided via the Help Me Grow referral system.
Help Me Grow
Help Me Grow (HMG) is a model that works to promote collaboration across child-serving sectors in order to build a
more efficient and effective system that promotes the optimal healthy development of young children. HMG is not a
standalone program, but rather a model that utilizes and builds on existing resources in order to develop and enhance a
comprehensive approach to early childhood system-building in any given community. Successful implementation of the
HMG model requires communities to identify existing resources, think creatively about how to make the most of existing
opportunities and build a coalition to work collaboratively toward a shared agenda. The success of an HMG system relies
on the implementation of four core components:
Child health care provider outreachprovides office-based training to support early detection and intervention
and the use of the HMG call center.
A coordinated access point serves as a warm line and the hub to link children and their families to community-
based resources, services and supports while providing seamless care coordination.
Family and community outreach promotes HMG, facilitates provider networking and bolsters children’s
healthy development through families.
Ongoing data collection and analysis helps identify gaps in and barriers to the system, and continuous quality
improvement processes refine all aspects of the system.
Many different entities in Washington are working together to grow a robust statewide HMG system which will establish
coordinated access points and databases, feedback loops and community organization to enable children and families to
access the services that they need to be healthy, successful and ready to participate in both the preschool and K-12
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systems. The HMG system is being co-created by local communities to ensure that it meets the distinct needs of each
region, along with DCYF and DOH to ensure that there is equity across the state (especially racially, ethnically and
geographically) and that data and resources can be supported by strong and consistent infrastructure.
HMG is a clear and simple referral system to coordinate services for families who may need more assistance as identified
in the Family Connects® system as well as through other referral pathways that will be created and enhanced for older
children. The HMG referral system will weave services together within and across communities, assuring that there is
“no wrong door” for families needing referrals and access to services, starting even before birth.
The Current State of Affairs
Background and Context
Within Reach launched Help Me Grow Washington in 2010. They operate as the statewide affiliate to the National HMG
system and also maintain the statewide access point, Parent Help 123. There are currently three sub-affiliates across the
state that are working on standing up local structures for navigation to support families that will be associated with the
statewide system. King County has begun work on a system as a sub-affiliate through the Seattle-King County Public
Health Department and the Best Starts for Kids program
. Central Washington is working with Within Reach to become a
sub-affiliate. They have been working in Yakima County for nine years and through an expansion opportunity provided
by Project HOPE through DOH, they have expanded to include Kittitas County as well.
Beginning in the summer of 2018, staff from DCYF and the Governor’s office began work on the creation of a
comprehensive statewide Birth to Age Five plan that would build on a previously funded legislative pilot in Pierce
County. The initial year of funding allowed First 5 FUNdamentals in Pierce County to do a year of community planning,
community engagement and goal setting to create a locally designed sub-affiliate to the Statewide Help Me Grow
network. Pierce County was chosen to address their higher than average out-of-home foster care placements and they
felt the resource and referral network would be an opportunity to connect families to resources that they need.
Community leaders in Pierce County found as a part of their community planning process that Family Connects would be
a value add to their Help Me Grow system as is documented in their Implementation Plan
. It would allow them to be
able to reach families early in their developmental stages to help reduce child abuse and neglect.
The Pierce County Help Me Grow pilot received continued funding for an additional two years through budget proviso.
They were also given money to begin planning the Family Connects integration. In their second year, they will begin
implementation of the Help Me Grow System while doing further research to support a Family Connects model in their
community. In the third year, Pierce County will be fully operational in their Help Me Grow system and should begin
implementation of a Family Connects model in a defined population within their region.
Statewide and Local Planning Efforts
While the legislature provided funding for a pilot in one county, Pierce County, there are currently several interagency
groups and several funding sources exploring funding approaches and developing a phased-in implementation plan for
an HMG system statewide. Nationally, there are several sites where HMG and Family Connects are being researched,
planned and implemented. The national centers are currently collaborating to make this process easier. Family Connects
and HMG serve as referral partners for other programs and services within the community. This includes development
Year 1 (July 2018-
June 2019)
Help Me Grow Community
Planning Process
Year 2 (July 2019-
June 2020)
Help Me Grow
Implementation
Family Connects
Community Planning
Process
Year 3 (July 2020-
June 2021)
Help Me Grow Operation
Family Connects
Implementation
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
of feedback loops between the programs, scheduling appointments and identifying capacity and infrastructure strengths
and challenges. HMG and Family Connects are strategic partners in local community advisory boards that are set up as
part of program implementation. The participation of both programs provides community partners with valuable
information regarding aggregate client data as well as community resource assets and barriers.
There are also several sites across the country where Family Connects International staff are providing consultation
related to an ideal program installation. When HMG is operational or in the planning phase within these locations, local
Family Connects staff actively engage with these HMG implementers to ensure effective and efficient collaboration
between the two programs. Generally, this results in coordinated and communicative business practices that allow for
model fidelity for both programs while creating processes that promote efficiency.
Often, through this local exploration work, it is determined that both Family Connects and HMG execute comparable
practices for completing the work or stakeholder engagement and referral management. This symmetry instills
confidence regarding the process of collecting service provider data which all programs can access in order to make
data-driven decisions for policy as well as infrastructure and capacity needs within an agecy and also the community.
Prior Financial Planning for Expansion of Home Visiting Through Medicaid
As a result of ESSHB 2779, in 2018, HCA and DCYF were required to collaborate to identify opportunities to leverage
Medicaid funding for long-term home visiting services and provide recommendations
building upon the research and
strategies in the August 2017 Washington State Home Visiting and Medicaid Financing Strategies report. HCA and DCYF
worked to identify sustainable Medicaid funding for intensive/long-term early childhood home visiting services, and to
improve coordination across the health and early learning sectors. There were two top choices based on agency criteria
from the previous cross-agency work and stakeholder criteria from a series of statewide workshops.
First, develop a Medicaid home visiting state plan amendment for case management. Under this option, HCA would
work with DCYF to develop a proposed State Plan Amendment to reimburse targeted case management services to
assist families in accessing medical, social, education or other services during home visits. These services could include
screening, assessments, referrals and care plan development provided by DCYF home visiting programs funded through
the Home Visiting Services Account (HVSA). The second choice was to contract with managed care organizations for
discrete home visiting services. Under this option, HCA would work with Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) to support
contracting with DCYF for home visiting services funded through HVSA programs that provide clinical, behavioral health
and case management services.
While these financing options are specific to long-term home visiting, initial conversation and planning have begun
between DCYF and HCA to determine the applicability of these options for Family Connects and/or HMG. Therefore, a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Funding efforts by state
States with Help Me Grow and Family Connects
Overlap
Funding Stream Efforts
Overlap (New York) Help Me Grow
Family Connects Tobacco Dollars
Federally Recognized Medicaid-funded HV Models TCM Benefit
Total States with HV Models or Pilots
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key strategy in sustainable Medicaid funding requires further alignment across HCA and DCYF to better leverage,
maximize and ensure the non-duplication of limited resources for both brief and long-term home visiting programs.
Funding Options For Implementing Family Connects Across Washington
The chart below shows the estimated costs to implement a Family Connects model in each county in Washington, based
on the number of Medicaid births. It is worth noting that the Best Starts for Kids initiative in King County is exploring
implementation of a Family Connects model. Also of note is is that both Chelan and Whitman counties have no
maternity support service providers operating within those counties, despite having birthing centers.
County
# Birthing
Facilities
2016
Births
2015 Medicaid
Birth Rate (HCA)+
% Non-Medicaid
Births
Est. Family Connects Costs for
Entire Birth Population
($900/birth)
Adams
1
478
93.7%
6.3%
$430,200
Benton
3
4,787
72.2%
27.8%
$4,308,300
Chelan 3 1,497 78.2% 21.8% $1,347,300
Clallam
2
535
71.9%
28.1%
$481,500
Clark
2
5,619
53.6%
46.4%
$5,057,100
Cowlitz
1
840
78.7%
21.3%
$756,000
Grant
2
1,098
76.4%
23.6%
$988,200
Grays Harbor
1
472
79.7%
20.3%
$424,800
Island
3
510
51.6%
48.4%
$459,000
Jefferson
1
100
58.9%
41.1%
$90,000
King 18 30,460 42.1% 57.9% $27,414,000
Kitsap
2
2,729
52.7%
47.3%
$2,456,100
Kittitas
1
312
54.7%
45.3%
$280,800
Lewis
1
728
72.1%
27.9%
$655,200
Mason
1
302
86.7%
13.3%
$271,800
Okanogan
3
418
86.3%
13.7%
$376,200
Pend Oreille
1
65
85.4%
14.6%
$58,500
Pierce
7
12,005
58.3%
41.7%
$10,804,500
Skagit
3
1,631
61.8%
38.2%
$1,467,900
Snohomish
4
6,321
50.5%
49.5%
$5,688,900
Spokane
5
6,896
61.3%
38.7%
$6,206,400
Stevens
1
231
68.1%
31.9%
$207,900
Thurston
3
3,058
54.5%
45.5%
$2,752,200
Walla Walla
2
775
69.0%
31.0%
$697,500
Whatcom
3
2,195
42.8%
57.2%
$1,975,500
Whitman
2
464
42.3%
57.7%
$417,600
Yakima
3
3716
88.3%
11.7%
$3,344,400
Washington
79
90,310
66.4%
33.6%
$79,417,800
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Medicaid
Medicaid is a federal and state program that helps with medical costs for individualse with limited income and
resources. The federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is responsible for approving each state’s
Medicaid State Plan, including waivers, and monitoring state compliance with federal Medicaid regulations. In
Washington State, Medicaid is called Apple Health and is provided free or at low cost on a sliding scale to eligible
persons based on their income.
There are regulatory limits to what Medicaid will reimburse, and there are limits to which home visiting services meet
Medicaid requirements for reimbursement. Federal regulations currently do not authorize proprietary home visiting
models in their entirety, although some medically necessary home-based services may be allowed. In a 2016 joint
bulletin
, CMS and Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA) encouraged states to look for ways to pair
Medicaid, state dollars and private resources to create and fund a home visiting benefit package.
The bulletin notes that the majority of evidence-based home visiting programs deliver services such as screening, case
management, family support, counseling and skills training for pregnant women and parents with young children. While
there is no distinct Medicaid state plan benefit called home visiting, states may cover many of the individual component
services of home visiting programs through existing Medicaid coverage authorities.
The CMS and HRSA bulletin
leaves the door open to states braiding multiple funding streams that could include
Medicaid-coverable services as well as additional services funded by other Federal and state streams:
In designing a home visiting program, state agencies should work together to develop an appropriate package of
services to be provided to their beneficiaries. This package may consist of Medicaid-coverable services in tandem with
additional services available through other federal, state or privately funded programs. Each federal, state, and private
funding stream is governed by its own rules such as: determining which women and families are eligible for home
visiting services, which services are offered, which providers may deliver services, and the length and intensity of home
visits.
Medicaid has the potential to fund specific discrete services within Family Connects for the Medicaid enrolled
population. Medicaid currently insures approximately 50 percent of the population in Washington, however, this varies
across the state by region. In a universally-offered voluntary program such as Family Connects, the maximum number of
Proprietary Home Visiting Models
Home-Based Medicaid Services
Comprehensive package of services to directly support pregnant
women and families in raising physically, socially and
emotionally healthy children ready to learn.
Distinct medical services provided to patients in the home
environment. The service is delivered in response to a specific
diagnosed health care need.
Home visiting programs must meet specific model fidelity
elements. Fidelity requirements vary by model. Changes to the
home visiting model must be approved by the developer.
Services must be medically necessary and approved by CMS.
Mandatory and optional services are described in each state’s
Medicaid plan. Changes to a Medicaid state plan require CMS
review and approval.
Model developers set provider requirements which generally
address education and model-specific training, and may include
a medical credential or license.
States set and monitor medical provider licensing and
credentialing rules. Only specific medical providers are federally
allowed to bill for medical services.
Comprehensive services are typically funded “at-cost” based on
a set budget determined by the number of enrollment slots a
home visiting program can reasonably serve over a specific
period of time. Home visiting programs contract with funders
for monthly reimbursement based on the number of slots
served.
Distinct medical services are typically reimbursed by Medicaid
at less than cost and must have an assigned diagnosis and
billing code. Services may be reimbursed under a fee-for-service
arrangement or as part of a capitated rate. Non-billing providers
must work under Medicaid billing providers to receive
reimbursement.
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families that could have portions of their home visits paid for by Medicaid would be whatever percentage of families are
covered by Medicaid in that community.
Medicaid’s reimbursement structure relies on:
Federal CMS approval of the specific health benefit or services through the Medicaid state plan and/or Medicaid
waivers;
Funds to provide the required state match, which are typically provided through general state fund allocation, as
well as other sources such as local government contributions, intergovernmental transfers, certified public
expenditures or health care-related taxes.
Services being provided by approved providers working under the supervision of Medicaid-allowed billing
providers. Examples: maternal depression screen, infant hearing screen or breastfeeding support.
States that access Medicaid to help support home visiting services report 2 to 40 percent of specific home visiting
services as reimbursable. The amount varies by model, state plan, allocated matching state funds and administrative
processes. The larger reimbursement generally includes home visiting services that are more clinical in nature. States
also tend to use more than one Medicaid Authority in order to more fully maximize reimbursement potential.
Medicaid reimbursement typically flows through a fee-for-service billing process, as part of the managed care capitated
rate, or through administrative claiming contracts.
The most common funding structure to bill Medicaid for care coordination type work is the optional Targeted Case
Management (TCM) benefit. Washington is currently working on what type of plan will be needed to adapt the current
TCM structure to this type of model or if there will need to be a approval from CMS for a state plan amendment that will
allow for expansion of TCM billing to include evidence-based home visiting models with community-based providers
who are already embedded in high-risk communities addressing social determinants of health.
There are approximately 20 states across the country currently accessing some level of Medicaid funding for home
visiting services. This varies from statewide scale to state demonstration sites to local programs using existing state plan
provisions without a state-led policy design. Most states are using a state plan amendment for the TCM benefit.
Medicaid funding via TCM is anticipated to be part of the Oregon statewide rollout the first cohort of communities are
in the planning phase. A few other home visiting models do bill TCM such as Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) and Parents
as Teachers (PAT). There are currently two Family Connects programs in North Carolina billing Medicaid using the Early
and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) program for services. This benefit applies to services offered as
Managed Care
Fee for Service (FFS)
Medicaid Administrative Claiming
HCA contracts with MCOs who in
turn subcontract with community
service providers.
MCOs must provide services
within a set per-member-per-
month (PMPM) fee.
MCOs can provide additional
services or incentives outside of
what is minimally required within
the PMPM.
MCOs are not required to follow
FFS rules for paying providers,
although plans must make
payments sufficient to ensure
appropriate access for enrollees.
Qualified providers contract directly
with HCA under the Core Provider
Agreement.
Providers bill HCA through Provider
One for rendered services.
Providers are paid based on an
established rate per unit of service.
Federally, rates can be based on a
variety of measures: costs of providing
the service, a review of what
commercial payers pay in the private
market and a percentage of what
Medicare pays for equivalent services.
https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/fi
nancing-and-
reimbursement/index.html
Governmental entities contract with
HCA to receive partial reimbursement
for specific Medicaid administrative
activities performed by staff.
Eligible activities can include outreach,
application assistance, referring clients
to services and Medicaid program
development.
Governmental entities must develop a
cost allocation plan for CMS review
and approval.
Reimbursement is based on random
moment time study results, the
percent of Medicaid individuals served
and the federal financial participation
rate.
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
part of the preventative health care benefit for children age 20 and younger to detect physical and behavioral health
problems. Generally, Medicaid defines case management as services to help eligible individuals gain access to medical,
educational, social or other benefits. There must be an assessment, development of a care plan, referral to services and
monitoring activity. TCM are services targeted to a sub-group (e.g., postpartum women in the first 90 days postpartum).
The service could target a specific geography, model or provider (such as a health department). It is matched at the
Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) rate.
Medicaid in Washington
In Washington, Medicaid Apple Health offers an optional voluntary extended service for pregnant women which is called
Maternity Support Services (MSS). Infant Case Management (ICM) is a benefit that along with MSS are known by their
umbrella program name First Steps. There has been expressed concern that Family Connects is a duplicative service of
MSS and/or ICM.
First Steps MSS serves Medicaid pregnant clients through 60 days postpartum. The purpose of MSS is to improve and
promote healthy birth outcomes through a multidisciplinary team that includes a registered nurse, certified dietitian and
a behavioral health specialist, and may include a community health worker.
ICM serves Medicaid infants and their parents from day 61 to the infant’s first birthday. The purpose of ICM is to
improve the welfare of infants at higher risk of problems by providing their parent(s) with assistance to access medical,
social, educational and environmental services delivered by an infant case manager. Many similar services are offered to
mothers under MSS and ICM as in Family Connects. Services such as health screenings and education services, basic
nutritional counseling, referral to community services and registered nursing services are covered in both programs. As
is visible in the data below from the HCA website
, not all of the Medicaid eligible infants and mothers are being reached
by First Steps practitioners.
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2016 Data
Statewide
Non-Medicaid
Medicaid
All WA Births
88,194
44,815
43,379
First Time Births
35,138 (39.8%)
20,794 (46.4%)
14,344 (33.1%)
Clients Who Received MSS
-
-
21,319 (49.3%)
Preterm Births (All Live, <37 Weeks)
7,169 (8.1%)
3,222 (7.1%)
3,947 (9.1%)
Low Birth Rate
4,289 (5%)
1,816 (4.1%)
2,473 (5.8%)
Infants Served With ICM
-
-
9,428 (21.7%)
Currently, an eligible provider can enroll with HCA to provide ICM services and bill at the rate of $20 per 15-minute unit
of service for a maximum of 20 units per Medicaid enrolled child. Each state identifies what services they will offer and
how much they will allow for reimbursement for these services in their CMS-approved State Plan. Some states are
working through how to combine their TCM services for new mothers and infants with home visiting programs such as
Family Connects. Those families who are not eligible for First Steps services, as well as many of those who might not
have access to MSS/ICM services, may benefit from Family Connects.
At least eight counties and two tribes are not currently served by MSS/ICM and could benefit from a program such as
Family Connects. In Oregon, the counties that are instituting Family Connects have made a commitment to blend/braid
their funding streams behind the scenes so that families receive services at the point of service without any prior
knowledge of who or how the service is being paid for. The families however still receive the same services.
To enable a program such as Family Connects to operate in a coordinated way with MSS/ICM in Washington, it will
require HCA and DCYF to determine what services are authorized and what services are offered to participating families.
The agencies will also need to decide if the current structure of the two systems should be combined or if there is
benefit to keeping them as separate.
Additionally, the two agencies will need to work with local communities as they complete their planning processes to
identify where and if there are MSS/ICM providers who could also be Family Connects providers or who work in agencies
where the services could be integrated. A state plan amendment (SPA) would most likely be required for MSS/ICM
providers to be able to bill for Family Connects. The SPA would need to address certain requirements in the current MSS
model such as the interdisciplinary team that is not part of the Family Connects model; the number of units available to
postpartum patients is not suffient to cover one Family Connects visit, let alone several if needed; and the timeline for
services for patients now is 60 days postpartum while Family Connects can be up to 6 months.
For the 50 percent of the population that is not eligible for Medicaid services, the agency would need to be able to fund
the same services to achieve the benefits of a universally offered program. In addition, approximately 50 percent of
eligible Medicaid births currently access at least one of the First Steps services. Local providers have reported that there
can be a stigma associated with participating in a program that is only offered to Medicaid patients. To utilize a common
set of services will involve an increase in families accessing the First Step services as well.
Providing a program such as Family Connects to all families regardless of socio-economic status and insurance coverage
will reduce stigma for all and increase the number of families at all levels who receive assistance and detection of any
concerns earlier.
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Maternity Support Services (MSS) and Infant Case
Management (ICM):
Enhanced prevention education and brief intervention
components of Washington State's First Steps program
Family Connects
Funding
Authority
And
Structure
Medicaid Authority:
Medicaid State Plan
3.1-A (20): Extended Services for Pregnant Women Through
Sixty Days Postpartum; and,
3.1.-A Supplement (1-C): Infant Case Management Services
Case Management services: 42 CFR 440.169
(a) Case management services means services furnished to
assist individuals, eligible under the State plan who reside in a
community setting or are transitioning to a community setting,
in gaining access to needed medical, social, educational, and
other services, in accordance with § 441.18 of this chapter.
(b) Targeted case management services means case
management services furnished without regard to the
requirements of § 431.50(b) of this chapter (related to
statewide provision of services) and § 440.240 (related to
comparability). Targeted case management services may be
offered to individuals in any defined location of the State or to
individuals within targeted groups specified in the State plan.
Maternity Care Access Act of 1989
RCW 74.09.760 - 74.09.920
Maternity Related Services
WAC 182-533-0300 through -0390
First Steps/MSS & ICM Billing Guide
Carve-Out Program reimbursed through a fee-for-service
process, which requires billing for discrete, federally approved
services per 15-minute unit.
Similar to other proprietary models, Family Connects,
International requires interested partner organizations to enter
into a replication agreement with them.
"Communities seeking to launch Family Connects need to have
several components in place in order to replicate the model and
must adhere to the evidence-based protocols derived from the
evaluation studies of the Family Connects model in Durham,
N.C., to be certified as a Family Connects program."
Family Connects is on the HOMVEE list as eligible model for
MIECHV funding. Depending on an individual state's Medicaid
plan, Family Connects specific staff and component services
may meet Medicaid requirements for reimbursement.
Family Connects partners may include local non-profits, health
departments, hospital systems, state-wide early childhood,
education or health systems, physician groups and/or
universities.
Purpose
and
Goals
Maternity Support Services (MSS) delivers enhanced preventive
health and education services and brief interventions to eligible
pregnant clients. Services are provided as early in a pregnancy
as possible, based on the client’s individual risks and needs.
Goals of MSS include:
• Increasing:
Early access and ongoing use of prenatal and newborn care
Screening for Postpartum mood disorder
Initiation and duration of breastfeeding
Family planning knowledge
• Decreasing:
Maternal morbidity and mortality
Low birth-weight babies
Premature births
Infant morbidity and mortality rates
Health disparities
The number of unintended pregnancies
The number of repeat pregnancies within two years of
delivery (Healthy birth spacing intervals)
Tobacco, nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and drug use during
pregnancy
Pediatric exposure to second-hand smoke
Goals of ICM are to improve infant health outcomes by:
• Increasing referrals to well child visits and developmental
screenings, as needed
• Screening for Postpartum mood disorder
http:www.familyconnects.org/faq Family Connects is a
community-wide nurse home visiting program for parents of
newborns, regardless of income or socioeconomic status. Our
mission is to increase child well-being by bridging the gap
between parent needs and community resources. The primary
goal of Family Connects is to integrate with existing community
services and complement that which is already being done.
Family Connects can reinforce local support systems for parents
and offer another way to engage families at a critical juncture.
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
• Reduce the number of repeat pregnancies within two years of
delivery
• Reduce pediatric exposure to second-hand smoke
Target
Population
and
Eligibility
Pregnant or post-partum women and infants up to age one who
are eligible for and enrolled in Apple Health (Medicaid).
The program is designed for universal community coverage,
with the goal of at least 70 to 80 percent of eligible families
participating. All families with newborns in a coverage area are
eligible, whether the area is a region, state, city, or
neighborhood.
Providers
MSS Interdisciplinary team with an:
RN Currently licensed registered nurse under WAC 246-
840;
BHS Currently credentialed or licensed behavioral health
specialist under WAC 246-809, 246-810, and 246-924;
RD Currently registered with the Commission on Dietetic
Registration and certified under WAC 246-822.
In addition, a community health representative (CHR) can
offer services under the direct supervision of the qualified
MSS provider.
Individual ICM providers must:
Be part of an MSS team at the RN, BHS or RD level; or
Have a BA or higher in social service field plus at least one
year full-time social service work experience; or
Have an AA in social service field plus at least two years
full-time social service work experience and work under
the direct supervision of an MSS-team member or a
supervisor with a BA or higher in the social service field.
Staff include:
Nurse home visitors
Nurse supervisor
Data manager
Program support coordinator
Community alignment specialist; and
Must incorporate consultation or support from the local
department of social services; and
Consultation from a mental health professional
encouraged.
With recommendation that:
RN HNs and program support coordinators hold a
bachelor’s degree
Nurse supervisors and program directors hold a master’s
degree
Database managers hold an associate’s or bachelor’s
degree.
Nurse supervisors meet with nurse home visitors weekly for
case review and supervision. Supervisors also observe a visit
with each home visitor quarterly to monitor nurses’ fidelity to
the model protocol and consistency in assessing family risk. The
National Service Office recommends a ratio of one supervisors
to four to eight home visitors.
Caseload
Maximum
There is not a caseload limit per nurse for MSS and ICM
services. Per CMS regulations, services are to be available
statewide.
The National Service Office recommends nurse caseloads of six
to eight new cases per week, depending on the community’s
birth rate. Nurses also keep space in their schedules to conduct
follow-up visits or calls with families visited in the past weeks,
as needed.
Specific
Services
First Steps provides:
Maternity Support Services (MSS):
In-person screening and assessment for risk factors
Pregnancy/infant health education and health messages
Patient-centered interventions
Brief counseling
Referral to resources
Case management and care coordination
Group services
Telemedicine
Infant Case Management (ICM):
In-person screening and assessment to identify risk factors
Case management and care coordination
Referrals and advocacy
Telemedicine
Family Connects Critical Componentsthe initial home visit at
three weeks of age can be followed up by one or more visits or
phone calls to complete the assessments and ensure linkage to
local services and resources. The goal of the follow-up is to
support the family, but not to become “case management.”
Health and psychosocial assessments of newborn, mother
and family including a systematic assessment, called the
Family Support Matrix, of family strengths, risks and
needs.
Supportive guidance, such as:
o Placing baby on their back to sleep
o Benefits of tummy time
o Respond to parent queries and observe areas of
possible difficulties in adjusting to having a
newborn, such as breastfeeding, support for the
“baby blues” and other issues
Nurse actively connects and links the family with
community services
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Documenting the home visit(s) and contacts with families
and community referrals
Screening
and
Assessment
Tools
Prenatal Screening Guide
Prenatal Screening Tool
Postnatal Screening Guide
Postnatal Screening Tool
ICM Screening Tool
Agency approval
required for alternate MSS or ICM screening
tool.
The screening guides are listed as samples on the website and
are not required. Agencies can use any type of screening they
choose, however they have to fill out the chosen screening tool
and keep it in the client files.
The nurse home visit includes a systematic assessment, called
the Family Support Matrix, of family strengths, risks and needs
assesses 12 risk factors across four domains:
Support for health care
Support for caring for the infant
Support for safe environments
Support for parents
Additionally, parents complete three standardized screening
tools to screen for depression:
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale
Intimate partner violence (Conflict-Tactics Scale)
Substance use (CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs or CAGE-
AID)
The screening tools are completed by the mother on laptops or
tablets and scored instantaneously for discussion during the
home visit.
Service
Location
Office, clinic, hospital, client home, other
Hospital, client home, other community setting
Duration
and
Intensity
Total service units are determined based on the level of
assessed risk for MSS and ICM.
A maximum of 7.5 hours (30 fifteen-minute units) of MSS and 5
hours (20 fifteen-minute units) of ICM for high-risk clients
with no limitation extension requests (LER) or access to other
types of childbirth education classes (CBE).
MSS provides the services as early in the pregnancy as
possible through 60 days postpartum and continues
through the end of the month in which the 60
th
day post-
pregnancy occurs.
ICM provides services from the end of the MSS eligibility
period and continues through the last day of the month of
the infant’s first birthday.
Family Connects is a manualized intervention that provides one
to three home visits from a registered nurse to all families with
newborns living in a defined service area. During the initial
home visit, the nurse conducts a physical health assessment of
mother and newborn, provides supportive guidance on topics
that are common to all families (such as infant feeding and safe
sleeping practices), and conducts a systematic assessment of
family risks and needs.
One to three home visits by a registered nurse
approximately 2 to 12 weeks after the child’s birth
Follow-up contacts with families and community agencies
to confirm families’ successful linkages with community
resources
The initial home visit typically lasts 1.2 to 2 hours
30% of families receive more than one visit based on their
needs and continued interest in the program
38% of families receive at least one follow-up telephone
contact
Additional
Information
See Health Care Authority’s First Steps web pages and the First
Steps flyer to learn more about MSS, ICM, group and childbirth
education services.
Under WAC 182-533-0327 (3)
the MSS-interdisciplinary team
requirement is waived for Tribal & Indian Health Programs, ad
counties with under 55 Medicaid-paid births per year. MSS
services may be provided as long as they have least one of the
following provider types:
Licensed registered nurse under WAC 246-840; or
Credentialed or licensed behavioral health specialist under
WAC 246-809, 246-810, and 246-924; or
Registered dietician with the Commission on Dietetic
Registration and certified under WAC 246-822
In addition, a community health representative (CHR) can
offer services under the direct supervision of the qualified
MSS provider.
Family Connects sites:
http://www.familyconnects.org/other-dissemination-sites
The goals of Family Connects are to:
Connect with families in their home after the birth of a
newborn and
o Share in the joy of a new baby,
o Assess unique family risks,
o Respond to immediate needs for support and
guidance.
Offer supportive guidance to families about newborn care
Link families to community services
Help new parents connect with their infant
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Individual
Program
Cost
Each fifteen-minute MSS unit is reimbursed at $25/unit for
group services and must be a minimum of 60 minutes. These
services cannot be provided in the home and there must be a
minimum of 3 clients and a maximum of 12 MSS clients
attending a group service. and Home-based services are
reimbursed at $35/unit.
Each fifteen-minute ICM unit is reimbursed
at $20/unit
regardless of service location.
As a baseline for comparison: $1,450 for up to 12.5 hours (50
units) of home-based services, starting as early in the
pregnancy as possible, continuing through the infant’s first
birthday with no limitation extension requests
(LER) or
childbirth education classes (CBE) which are billed with a
separate provider requirement and it’s own billing code.
This cost would increase with limitation extensions and
childbirth education classes.
Family Connects costs approximately $900 per birth, including
oversight, family recruitment, staff salaries and benefits, local
travel reimbursement, and materials. Costs vary by community
based on local wages, extent of travel, population size, existing
data systems, and other factors.
(HOMEVEE, 2019)
Family Connects sites to have upfront costs for training and
certification that vary by community size. There is also an
annual fee for data collection and costs for ongoing
certification.
http://www.familyconnects.org/faq
Created by Shannon Blood, Washington Health Care Authority
Title IV-E
Title IV-E is a federal open-ended entitlement funding stream that seeks to decrease out-of-home placement of children
in the child welfare system through increased investments in prevention services. It is also known by its most recent
authorizing legislation, the Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA). The funding cycle is 12 months and uses an
FMAP of 50 percent. This means that while the entitlement is potentially open-ended, there is a required state match of
50 percent, just like Medicaid.
Additionally, the programs that can be funded through this mechanism must be listed both in the federally approved
annual state plan submitted by DCYF to the ACF and also on the federal Title IV-E Prevention Services Clearinghouse
.
There are currently only 15 programs listed in this clearinghouse and all of them address either mental health
treatment, in-home parenting or substance abuse and prevention not all meet the evidentiary standard set forth by
FFSPA legislation in Washington for approval for claiming. Two of the traditional, long-term home visiting models that
are prevalent in Washington NFP and PAT are on the list. The definitions for the clearinghouse are the same as the
California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare. While Family Connects is not yet on either list, it is on the
Home Visiting Evidence for Effectiveness (HOMVEE) list as meeting the U.S. Health and Human Services criteria for an
evidence-based model. It is expected that there could be a programmatic review of Family Connects and that it might be
added in the future to the Title IV-E clearinghouse. States have the option to request that a program be reviewed to be
added to the approved list. Each state also has the option to define the at-risk population.
Washington has submitted a state plan which will focus the prevention work being funded through Title IV-E primarily
on the candidacy group
of children with imminent risk of entry or re-entry into the foster care system. Some of the other
groups that will be eligible will be families that have had screened-in child welfare calls who have chosen to participate
in voluntary services, and several specialized groups of pregnant women and children under the age of 18 who have
been discharged from the juvenile rehabilitation system.
Candidacy in the proposed state plan for Title IV-E at this time does include segments of the population who would be
eligible to participate in Family Connects were it offered in their area. Substance abusing pregnant women with
screened out child welfare calls who are not otherwise involved in traditional intensive home visiting programs would be
eligible for Family Connects. Other eligible populations would include foster care youth who are themselves pregnant,
youth involved with adoptions where there are problems if they are also pregnant or if the youth is discharged from the
juvenile rehabilitation system if they are pregnant.
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Despite the candidacy possibilities, because Family Connects is not yet listed in the Title IV-E Prevention Services
Clearinghouse, it is not a program that can be funded with this mechanism at this time. Washington will follow the
progress of whether or not it gets added to the federally-approved programs list. DCYF can also investigate whether the
Washington State Institute for Public Policy should instigate a review to request Family Connects be added to the
approved list of evidence-based programming if it appears that Family Connects is a program that communities across
Washington want to utilize. At that point, it could be added to the state plan and become a program that can be funded
partially through Title IV-E. However, this funding could still only fund a portion of the Family Connects visits for the
population that meets the candidacy criteria listed above.
Private Insurance
Commercial coverage (individual and group health plans) in Washington State must provide meaningful essential
coverage, and specifically for the individual and small group health plans, must cover the
essential health benefit
categories established by the Affordable Care Act. The specifics of the services under each category are based on the
state’s selected base-benchmark plan and any state specified mandated benefits. While no official stakeholdering has
happened with the Office of Insurance Commissioner (OIC) or any of the commercial insurance plans, based on a quick
scan of potential services available and potentially Medicaid eligible services, staff from OIC identified the following
range of services as having parallels under the essential health benefits:
Maternity & Newborn Services category: The services classified to the Maternity & Newborn Services category
of benefits are generally stated, and include prenatal and postnatal care and services, including screening.
WAC
284-43-5640 (4)
Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment/Services, Including Behavioral Health: Coverage must be
offered for any condition included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), but does
not include counseling in the absence of illness, other than family counseling for a child or adolescent with a
covered diagnosis. Coverage of V- codes 302 302.9 in the DSM-IV is required for children age 5 and under,
related to parent-child relational problems or neglect or abuse of a child. WAC 284-43-5640 (5)
Prescription drugs or treatments for tobacco cessation are covered under the Prescription Drug Services
category. WAC 284-43-5640 (6)
The Preventive and Wellness Services category includes A&B recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services
Task Force, services, screening and tests contained in the HRSA Bright Futures guidelines, and any services,
screening and supplies recommended by HRSA under its women’s preventive and wellness services guidelines.
WAC 284-43-5640 (9)
Home-based medical services and palliative care are covered, up to 130 visits per year, but would be covered by
most health plans for medically necessary care, delivered as part of the Ambulatory Services Essential Health
Benefit Category. WAC 284-43-5640 (1)
There are not currently any home visiting services paid for through commercial insurance coverage, so any investigation
with health plans and OIC would be a long-term and non-universal solution for funding Family Connects. Just as with
Medicaid, private commercial insurance only covers a portion of the population and would only pay for their covered
population.
Other Funding Sources
There are several national philanthropic organizations that have expressed interest in funding both Family Connects and
Help Me Grow. The consistent message from each of them is that with the commitment from the state to support the
infrastructure needed to operate a system of this type, they would be interested in expanding reach, spread and the
scale of the work.
In Pierce County, First 5 FUNdamentals and their partners have worked to leverage their local government and
philanthropic funding to operate their HMG system. Pierce County estimates that approximately 50 percent of their
operating budget will come from private funding and local government dollars for their local program.
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Washington’s Plan for Implementation
The Family Connects portion of the pilot in Pierce County has begun investigation this year about what an
implementation plan will look like specifically for their region. The funding provided by the budget proviso allows them
in the first year to complete six months of implementation planning and then serve approximately 375 families. There
are seven birthing locations in the county and approximately 12,000 children born annually. The work of the first
planning year will be to decide in large part how, where and by whom these families will receive their Family Connects
visits.
The staff at Family Connects International are working with Pierce County to design a program that will meet the
cultural, regional and logistical needs of the local area. DCYF will work with Pierce County to ensure that the model being
developed ensures fidelity to the evidence base of the national model and is appropriately flexible and culturally
responsive. The pilot in Pierce County will inform the work across the rest of the state with the knowledge that each
region has different needs and populations and the implementation plan will be adapted to fit each region as
appropriate.
Successful implementation of Family Connects will look somewhat different across the state, however, there will be
some consistent needs for outreach, workforce development and funding. Regions are going to have to work
collaboratively with local partners ensure that both the funding needs of the program are met as well as providing a
quality and seamless product for families.
Areas that have a high Medicaid birth rate will likely be good demonstration sites for where to begin to build braided
funding streams to pay for the services that families need using Medicaid strategies. Conversely, areas with low
Medicaid birthrates will have a higher burden to attract other funding sources such as philanthropy and state funding.
Nationally, some programs that are operating a Family Connects system are doing so on a very small scale: one birthing
hospital/town/city/county. However, other programs are rolling out at a large scale such as the entire state of Oregon
and the city of Chicago. Operating at a smaller level gives programs more flexibility with their funding, as is evident by
the successful funding in Pierce County, but also does not allow for any economy of scale that could be accomplished
through a statewide infrastructure that would support local efforts.
Both HMG and Family Connects must be co-designed with the local community and the state to ensure that the system
is both a needed and a desired service, and also that unintentional inequities are not created between regions.
Additionally, the increase in the number of nurses that will be needed to operate this system will require working
upstream to entice students to follow this training path.
Conclusion
Washington will benefit from a well-integrated and well planned HMG and Family Connects system. The Family
Connects nurse visitors would be one of the first touchpoints for many families into the supports and services that are
available for all families in Washington. The introduction of a statewide Family Connects system will allow families a
point of entry into common services available for families with young children: early learning, quality child care,
traditional intensive home visiting and early intervention much earlier and more quickly when needed.
This is where the HMG system will come into play. However, without an expansion of services that are currently
provided in communities across the state, there will be a gap in capacity for the increased number of children and
families who need further assistance. A network of services must be created, enhanced or expanded to connect families
to enable them to be successful. This will need to include further investment in housing, energy assistance, food
security, traditional-intensive home visiting services, early intervention, quality child care and preschools among other
local resources that may be specific to each community.
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NEWBORN HOME VISITING
Upon the birth of children, all families encounter new situations and many encounter unforeseen challenges to family
stability. Addressing family supports and some of the new conditions that families are confronted with in a family with
young children can help them enhance the relationships they are able to create with their children, avoid many struggles
and ultimately avoid child welfare involvement. There are approximately 5,000 children under the age of 5 in foster care
in Washington this represents about 50 percent of the total children in care.
Factors in the child’s first three years of life disproportionately affect what happens at age 5 for the child and the family.
DCYF and local communities must address potential challenges to healthy development leading to kindergarten
readiness by reaching a broader segment of the population earlier: through an understanding of current realities,
increased outreach and referral, expansion of current programs and addressing the additional needs of children
assessed, identified, referred and served.
DCYF must collaborate with communities and families to address their unique risks and needs, respond to immediate
family needs for support and guidance and connect them to community services well matched to their needs and
preferences based on identified vulnerabilities to create confidence and the support needed for child and parent health,
mental health, child development and overall well-being for the family.
Community connections and case management are key components in any child’s path to school readiness. Additionally,
the earlier a child is identified for any health or social-emotional concerns, developmental delays or family challenges,
the easier and more quickly the child’s family can be referred on and connected to further services. The ongoing support
of the family will allow them to navigate the medical, educational and social services that will help move them closer to
school readiness: both preschool and K-12. All of these services can be accomplished through the implementation of
Family Connects and HMG.
There are not currently any available options for funding portions of the Family Connects system through Medicaid,
private insurance and Title IV-E, however they may be available in the future. While none of them are available today,
one of the State’s immediate planning efforts will need to be to work with HCA to identify how Medicaid can be used
efficiently and effectively to serve the population.
There is not currently anyone with the capacity to dedicate to Family Connects and a position will be needed at DCYF to
specialize in this model if the expansion is expected. DCYF will also need to revisit their Title IV-E state plan annually to
see if Family Connects is added to the list of approved evidence-based programs to be eligible for funding. If it is
approved, DCYF should revisit if Family Connects should be added to the state plan for approval by the federal
government.
Local funding should also be identified in each community to assist in funding local services. This is not an option only for
the state but also for local communities. The state, upon confirmation from the legislature of future funding, should
begin to work with philanthropic organizations to expand and extend the reach of any allocated dollars.
Success in the creation of an integrated, statewide system of Family Connects and HMG will look like the seamless
offering of free and brief home visiting services to all newborn families in Washington regardless of perceived risk level
and the availability of resources and referrals for all those who need them. Funding should allow for different behind-
the-scenes billing options based on the situation of families and communities and should never impact the quality,
quantity or availability of services to them.