Microsoft Word - Riker-Philosophy and Psychoanalysis-re-vitalizing contempory living.docx

Philosophy)and)Psychoanalysis:)

Re-vitalizing Contemporary Living

John Hanwell Riker

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+(6&=!!First, the mobility demanded by economic society has significantly diminished the

possibility of having an extended family (grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.) participate in

the difficult chores of childrearing. Second, and most important, it is quite common for

both parents to have to work, in part because two incomes are necessary to sustain

material adequacy for many households, but mainly because having a position within the

socioeconomic world is necessary for one to have an identity—to be “someone.” Third,

when caretakers do come home from work, they are often exhausted and tense from the

hassles of the day and unable to be the source of selfobject supplies either for one another

or for their children. It is not unusual for caretakers to soothe themselves with an

alcoholic elixir, making them less able to be fully responsive to the selfobject needs of

their children, who all too often disappear into their rooms to electronically network with

other desperate children in other homes. In short, if intensive care, empathy, and the

presence of calm, strong caretakers are needed in order for selves to come into existence,

the typical contemporary Western household is incredibly impoverished.

There is another way in which contemporary economic society fails to sustain

whatever self structure might have been developed in adults. Before the last quarter of

the twentieth century, it was not uncommon for friendships to develop within the

workplace; indeed, for many the workplace came to provide the supportive social

connections that the village used to. Two prongs of modern society intersected to

significantly diminish the availability of selfobject supplies for adults in the workplace.

First, the increasing demand that all decisions about personnel be made on the strict basis

of objectively certified competence and objective economic factors rather than “old-boy

networks” or friendships significantly increased the insecurity and competitiveness with

""!

one’s fellow workers. Second, when women entered the professional workforce in large

numbers, there was a tendency of men to sexualize the workplace in an egregious and

unjust way. This sexualization had to be eliminated, but with its elimination a certain

amount of normal human warmth, care, and concern also left the workplace. In short, the

workplace is less a realm of friendship and camaraderie than it used to be, and as such

has become an institution less able to give empathic selfobject supplies to adults.

To be clear, I think that operating under a code of objectively determined merit is

a great improvement over the “old boy networks” and that the workplace needs to be as

free of sexual tensions as possible. However, genuine empathy and care for one’s fellow

workers need not be diminished in any way in order for these values to be achieved.

Indeed, empathy counters sexualization by being genuinely concerned for an other rather

than being focused on one’s desire for that other.

In short, the problem with contemporary society is that is undermines the social

conditions necessary for the development and sustenance of selves, thus producing a

rampant narcissism. We should note that it is precisely such narcissistically wounded

persons that are best able to run the machinery of capitalist economics and generate the

ever-expanding consumer markets it needs to persist. Narcissistically wounded persons

will work as hard as they can to attain the statuses and wealth that will seem to give them

the sense of self-worth that they internally lack. While no outer goods can ever fill this

inner void, the fantasy persists that they can; and so wounded people need to buy more

and more and attain higher positions in order to buy the more and more. The culture

creates just the kind of persons it most needs: narcissistically injured persons who are

driven to work and consume.

"K!

Hopefully, the above explains why there persists such a sense of de-vitalization in

contemporary living, despite the presence of endlessly exciting opportunities and

adventures. What can we do about it? I do not think that economic society is going to

disappear any time soon, but I think we can combat its most destructive practices and

conceptual pressures by forming our own values about how to go about living well. How

can we do this? Probably in many ways, but, obviously, what I am proclaiming today is

the power of philosophy and psychoanalysis to free the soul and spirit. I will not say

anything more about the power of philosophy, as I hope to have demonstrated in this talk

its power to critique cultural presuppositions and open the mind to other possibilities. I

will just say that philosophy classes can be genuinely transforming, as many of you

already know.

My second suggestion is not, as you might suspect, to get an analysis, for it is

almost impossible to find a genuinely qualified analyst and difficult to afford one without

any sociopolitical support. Rather, I suggest that we adopt a psychoanalytically informed

way of being in the world. And this involves adopting three primary orientations towards

life: first, paying attention to unconscious meanings as they appear in your dreams,

symptoms, and mistakes; second, adopting the practice of empathy in your relations with

all human beings, and, third, organizing your lives around the spontaneous, irrational

erotic eruptions that spring up from the depths of your psyches.

As I want to say a lot about empathy and erotic eruptions, I will only say a quick

word about listening to one’s unconscious, as important as this activity is. By attending

especially to your dreams and your mistakes, you can have a full exorbitant psychic life

rather than just the thin psychological existence of a nicely organized conscious day-life.

"S!

Every significant transformation I made in my twenty years of therapy began from a

strange, compelling dream in which meanings surfaced that revealed truths about myself

that I did not know or understand in my conscious life. Marcia and I have shared our

dreams since the beginning of our marriage and they have deepened our relationship

immeasurably—we have a grasp of what is going on in the unconscious of the other and

can help them with our perceptions, interpretations, and empathic acceptance. Being in

touch with the unconscious realm of meaning and desire makes one a more complete

human being.

Empathy: Empathy is the ability to sense what another subject is internally

feeling and mimetically reproducing that feeling in one’s own subjective state without

identifying with it. I experience Mary’s sadness sadly, but it is Mary who is sad, not me.

I experience Molly’s jubilation jubilantly, but it is her jubilation, not mine. What we

learn from recent psychoanalytic practice is that empathic responsiveness is the deepest

way to make another feel affirmed and understood. It is a kind of connectivity in which

one person is saying to another, “You are so important that I will make myself feel just

like you.” Empathy confirms the worth of the other’s subjectivity by responding to it with

a mirroring affirmation in one’s own subjectivity.

What is crucial about empathy is the absence of judgment. In empathy I allow

myself to experience what you are experiencing just for what it is without judging it as

being good or bad. Judgment always conceptualizes and objectifies; empathy simply

affirms the other as a subject. If empathy is the psychic food the self needs to develop

and sustain its self-esteem, then several current social practices among the young need to

"\!

be questioned, in particular, their excessive use of electronic communication and their

reluctance to form committed love relationships and friendships.

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