References

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References

JBJS adheres closely to the Council of Science Editors (CSE) style of reference

citation, which is also used by PubMed.gov. Copying and pasting from PubMed is a good

way to add journal references to your reference list. However, remember to reorder the

information as: authors, title, journal information.

See below for a complete list of how to cite both journal and book references.

JOURNALS

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE

Author. Title. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):First page-last page.

 Andrews M, Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Anterior cruciate ligament allograft reconstruction in

the skeletally immature athlete. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(1):48-54.

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE

Author. [Title]. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):First page-last page. Language.

 Lambotte JC, Thomazeau H, Cathelineau G, Lancien G, Minet J, Langlais F. [Tricalcium

phosphate, an antibiotic carrier: a study focused on experimental osteomyelitis in rabbits].

Chirurgie. 1998;123:572-9. French.

SUPPLEMENTS

Always match PubMed. Supplements will not be consistent between journals.

 Hedman TP, Kostuik JP, Fernie GR, Hellier WG. Design of an intevertebral disc prosthesis.

Spine. 1991;16(6 Suppl):S256-60.

 Bellamy N. Pain assessment in osteoarthritis: experience with the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index.

Semin Arthritis Rheumat. 1989;18(4 Suppl 2):14-7.

 Gordon S. Biology of the microphage. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1986;4:267-86.

 Amstutz HC, Grigoris P. Metal on metal bearings in hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res.

1996;328 Suppl:S11-24.

ERRATUM

Author. Title. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):First page-last page. Erratum in: Journal.

Year;Volume(Issue):First page-last page.

 Agarwala S, Jain DK, Joshi VR, Sule A. Efficacy of alendronate, a bisphosphonate, in the

treatment of AVN of the hip. A prospective open-label study. Rheumatology (Oxford).

2005;44:352-9. Erratum in: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44:569.

EPUB AHEAD OF PRINT

Author. Title. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue) [Epub ahead of print]

 Lenart BA, Neviaser AS, Lyman S, Chang CC, Edobor-Osula F, Steele B, van der Meulen MC,

Lorich DG, Lane JM. Association of low-energy femoral fractures with prolonged bisphosphonate

use: a case control study. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Dec 9 [Epub ahead of print].

ABSTRACT

Author. Title [abstract]. Journal. Year;Volume(Issue):First page-last page.

 Sorrels RB, Stiehl JB. Long-term outcomes of a rotating platform mobile bearing prosthesis after

TKA [abstract]. J Arthroplasty. 2004;19:255.

LETTER/COMMENTARY PRINTED ONLINE ONLY

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Author. Title. Journal. Year Mon Day. URL. Accessed Year Mon Day.

 Lack DZ. Letter regarding Patients can provide a valid assessment of quality of life, functional

status, and general health on the day they undergo knee surgery (2008;90:264-70). 2008 Feb 6.

http://www.ejbjs.org/cgi/eletters/90/2/264.

 Lingard EA. Commentary and perspective on Patients can provide a valid assessment of quality of

life, functional status, and general health on the day they undergo knee surgery (2008;90:264-70).

2008 Feb. http://www.ejbjs.org/Comments/2008/cp_feb08_lingard.dtl. Accessed 2008 Feb 2.

Page 3 of 7

BOOKS

BOOK WITH AUTHOR

Author. Title. Edition, Volume. City: Publisher; Year.

 Kaplan EB. Functional and surgical anatomy of the hand. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott;

1965.

BOOK WITH EDITOR

Editor, editors. Title. Edition, Volume. City: Publisher; Year.

 Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, editors. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 8th

ed. New York: Pergamon; 1990.

BOOK WITH EDITOR; SPECIFIC CHAPTER CITED

Editor, editors. Title. Edition, Volume. City: Publisher; Year. Chapter title; p Pagenumbers

 Singleton P, Sainsbury D, editors. Dictionary of microbiology and molecular biology. 2nd ed.

New York: Wiley; 1987. Plasmid in science; p 682-9.

BOOK WITH EDITOR; SPECIFIC CHAPTER CITED WITH SEPARATE AUTHORS

Author. Chapter title. In: Editor, editor. Book title. Edition. City: Publisher; Year. p Pagenumbers.

 Blaser RB, Matthews LS. Complications of prosthetic knee arthroplasty. In: Epps CH, editor.

Complications in orthopaedic surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1994. p 1057-86.

 Buckwalter JA, Cruess RL. Healing of the musculoskeletal tissues. In: Rockwood CA Jr, Green

DP, Bucholz RW, editors. Fractures in adults. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1999. p 181-222.

BOOK WITH EDITOR; CHAPTER WITH SEPARATE TITLE AND AUTHORS;

TRANSLATOR, AND TRANSLATION NOTE

Author. Title. Edition, Volume. Translator, translator; Editor name, editor. City: Publisher; Year.

Translation of.

 Luzikov VN. Mitochondrial biogenesis and breakdown. Galkin AV, translator; Roodyn DB,

editor. New York: Consultants Bureau; 1985. Translation of Reguliatsiia formirovaniia

mitokhonrii.

BOOK WITH VOLUME WITH SEPARATE TITLE

Author. Title. Volume, Volume title. City: Publisher; Year.

 Cajori F. A history of mathematical notations. Vol 2, Notation mainly in higher mathematics.

Chicago: Open Court; 1929.

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MEETING ABSTRACTS/PAPERS

PUBLISHED IN A PROGRAM BOOKLET

Author. Title. In: Program Booklet, Meeting title; Year Mon Day(s). City, State: Association; Year. p

Pagenumbers.

 Gaussens G, Berthet J, Cornet L, Nicaise M. Improvement of creep and wear properties of

polyethylenes. In: Proceedings of The Second World Congress on Biomaterials, Tenth Annual

Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials; 1984 Mar 12-14. Washington, DC: Society of

Biomaterials; 1984. p 314.

ABSTRACT PUBLISHED IN A PROGRAM BOOKLET

Author. Title [abstract]. In: Program Booklet, Meeting title; Year Mon Day(s). City, State: Association;

Year. p Pagenumbers. Abstract no.

 Smith J, Jones R. Polyethylene liners [abstract]. In: Proceedings of The Second World Congress

on Biomaterials, Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials; 1984 Mar 12-14.

Washington DC: Society of Biomaterials; 1984. p 316. Abstract no. 1210.

PAPER READ AT A MEETING

Author. Title. Read at Meeting title; Year Mon Day(s); City, State.

Engh GA. Correcting instability without constrained components. Read at the Annual Meeting of the

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2000 Mar 15-19; Orlando, FL.

POSTER PRESENTED AT A MEETING

Author. Title. Presented as a poster exhibit at Meeting Title; Year Mon Day(s); City, State. Poster no.

 Beaule PE, Zaragoza EJ. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium arthrography to assess

acetabular cartilage delamination. Presented as a poster exhibit at the Annual Meeting of the

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2006 Mar 22-25; Chicago, IL. Poster no. 451.

SCIENTIFIC EXHIBIT PRESENTED AT A MEETING

Author. Title. Presented as a scientific exhibit at Meeting Title; Year Mon Day(s); City, State. Scientific

exhibit no.

 Tarabichi Y, Tarabichi S, Hawari M. How to achieve full flexion after total knee replacement.

Presented as a scientific exhibit at the 76th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of

Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2009 Mar 25-28; Las Vegas, NV. Scientific exhibit no. SE16.

SYMPOSIUM SESSION AT A MEETING

Author. Title. Symposium session at the Meeting Title; Year Mon Day(s); City, State.

 Kurzweil PR. ACL graft and fixation options. Symposium session at the 76th Annual Meeting of

the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2009 Mar 25-28; Las Vegas, NV.

INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE AT A MEETING

Author. Title. Instructional course at the Meeting Title; Year Mon Day(s); City, State. Course no.

 Mallon WJ, Rockwood CA Jr, Snyder SJ, Burkhead WZ Jr. Massive rotator cuff tears: the

surgeon’s dilemma. Instructional course at the 76th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of

Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2009 Mar 25-28; Las Vegas, NV. Course no. 229.

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WEB REFERENCES

Note: not all elements will be relevant or available for every citation.

STANDARD FORMAT

Author of document or website. Title. Date. URL. Accessed Year Mon Day.

 Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. FDA public health

advisory: paroxetine. 2005 Dec 8. http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/advisory/paroxetine200512.htm.

Accessed 2006 Jan 5.

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LEGAL DOCUMENTS

PUBLIC LAW WITH STATUTE NUMBER

 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, Pub. L. 101-239, 103 Stat. 2106. 1989 Dec 19.

UNITED STATES CODE WITH SECTION

 Social Security Act of 1935, §1848, 42 U.S.C. 1395w-4. Payment for physicians’ services. 1935

Aug 14.

 Social Security Act of 1935, §1128, 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7. Exclusion of certain individuals and

entities from participation in Medicare and state health care programs. 1935 Aug 14.

PUBLIC LAW WITH STATUTE NUMBER AND SUBTITLE

 S.2499 Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110-173, 121 Stat. 2492.

A bill to amend titles XVIII, XIX, and XXI of the Social Security Act to extend provisions under

the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP programs, and for other purposes. 2007 Dec 29.

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

 Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction Control, 21 C.F.R. §870.4430. 2002.

FROM THE FEDERAL REGISTER (TREATED AS STANDARD JOURNAL ARTICLE, ON

PUBMED)

 Medicare and Medicaid programs; Deficit Reduction Act of 1984; information notice on Medicare

and Medicaid amendments—HCFA. Fed Regist. 1985;50:28988-93.

COURT CASE

 United States v. Greber, 760 F.2d 68 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 988 (1985).

 United States v. Kats, 871 F.2d 105 (9th Cir. 1989).

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MISCELLANEOUS

THESIS OR DISSERTATION

 Beaton DE. Are you better? Describing and explaining changes in health status in persons with

upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders [PhD dissertation]. Toronto: University of Toronto;

2000.

 Marx R. A comparison of clinimetric and psychometric techniques for item reduction in the

development of an upper extremity disability scale [MSc thesis]. Toronto: University of Toronto;

1996.

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

 Galarneau MR, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego. Personal communication; 2008 Jan 7.