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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 139 / Wednesday, July 20, 2011 / Notices
financial contract is based on underlying
obligations of a single entity (reference entity) or on
a particular security or other debt obligation, or an
index of several such entities, securities, or
obligations. Under a CDS contract, the obligation of
a seller to make payments is triggered by a default
or other credit event as to such entity or entities or
such security or securities.
10
74 FR 10647, March 11, 2009 Order Granting
Temporary Exemptions from Certain Provisions of
the Government Securities Act and Treasury’s
Government Securities Act Regulations in
Connection with a Request on Behalf of ICE US
Trust LLC Related to Central Clearing of Credit
Default Swaps, and Request for Comments,
available at: http://www.treasurydirect.gov/instit/
statreg/gsareg/gsareq_treasexemptiveorder309.pdf.
11
ECPs are defined in section 1a(18) of the
Commodity Exchange Act, 7 U.S.C. 1 et seq. The
use of the term ECPs in the March 6, 2009 order
refers to the definition of ECPs in effect on March
6, 2009, and excludes persons that are ECPs under
former section 1a(12)(C).
12
Registered or noticed government securities
brokers and government securities dealers that are
not financial institutions were temporarily
exempted from the regulations in 17 CFR parts 402,
403, 404, and 405 with exceptions.
13
74 FR 64127, December 7, 2009 Order
Extending Temporary Exemptions from Certain
Government Securities Act Provisions and
Regulations in Connection with a Request from ICE
Trust U.S. LLC Related to Central Clearing of Credit
Default Swaps, available at: http://
www.treasurydirect.gov/instit/statreg/gsareg/FR_
Treasury_Order_ICE_Extension_(12-7-09).pdf.
14
75 FR 4626, January 28, 2010 Order Granting
a Temporary Exemption from Certain Government
Securities Act Provisions and Regulations in
Connection with a Request from ICE Trust U.S. LLC
Related to Central Clearing of Credit Default Swaps,
and Request for Comments, available at: http://
www.treasurydirect.gov/instit/statreg/gsareg/
TreasuryICEOrderFedRegisterJan282010.pdf.
15
75 FR 11627, March 11, 2010 Order Granting
Temporary Exemptions from Certain Government
Securities Act Provisions and Regulations in
Connection with a Request From ICE Trust U.S.
LLC Related to Central Clearing of Credit Default
Swaps, and Request for Comments, available at:
http://www.treasurydirect.gov/instit/statreg/gsareg/
TreasuryExemptiveOrderMarch112010
FedRegister.pdf.
16
75 FR 75722, December 6, 2010 Order
Extending Temporary Exemptions from Certain
Government Securities Act Provisions and
Regulations in Connection with a Request from ICE
Trust U.S. LLC Related to Central Clearing of Credit
Default Swaps, available at: http://
www.treasurydirect.gov/instit/statreg/gsareg/
TreasuryExemptiveOrderFedRegisterDec2010.pdf.
17
Public Law 111–203, 124 Stat. 1376 (July 21,
2010).
18
See http://www.sec.gov and http://www.cftc.gov
for a listing of all related proposed rulemakings.
19
Id.
20
The statute defines ‘‘security-based swap’’ as an
agreement, contract, or transaction that is a ‘‘swap’’
(without regard to the exclusion from that
definition for security-based swaps) and that also
has certain characteristics specified in the statute.
21
As of January 11, 1983, the date of enactment
of the Futures Trading Act of 1982, Public Law 97–
44, 96 Stat. 2294, section 3(a)(12) of the Exchange
Act, 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(12), provided that, among
other securities, ‘‘exempted securities’’ include: (i)
‘‘Securities which are direct obligations of, or
obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by,
the United States;’’ (ii) certain securities issued or
guaranteed by corporations in which the United
States has a direct or indirect interest as designated
by the Secretary of the Treasury; and (iii) certain
other securities as designated by the SEC in rules
and regulations.
22
Available at http://cftc.gov/ucm/groups/public/
@lrfederalregister/documents/file/2011-15195a.pdf.
23
Available at http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/dodd-
frank.shtml.
government securities. On March 6,
2009, Treasury granted a temporary
exemption
10
from the provisions of
section 15C(a), (b), and (d) (other than
subsection (d)(3)) of the Exchange Act,
and the rules thereunder, to ICE Trust,
certain ICE Trust participants, and
certain eligible contract participants
(‘‘ECPs’’).
11
In the same order Treasury
also granted a limited temporary
exemption from certain GSA regulatory
requirements to government securities
brokers and government securities
dealers that are not financial
institutions.
12
On December 7, 2009,
Treasury extended the expiration date of
these temporary exemptions until
March 7, 2010.
13
On January 28, 2010,
Treasury granted a temporary,
conditional exemption until March 7,
2010, to certain ICE Trust Clearing
Members and certain ECPs to
accommodate using ICE Trust to clear
customer CDS transactions.
14
On March
7, 2010, Treasury granted a conditional,
temporary exemption from certain GSA
provisions and regulations to certain
ICE Trust participants and certain
ECPs.
15
In the same order Treasury also
granted a temporary exemption from
certain GSA regulatory requirements for
registered or noticed government
securities brokers and government
securities dealers that are not financial
institutions. On November 30, 2010,
Treasury issued an order extending the
expiration date of these temporary
exemptions until July 16, 2011.
16
Treasury received no comments on its
previous orders.
II. Legislative Developments
President Obama signed the Dodd-
Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act (‘‘Dodd-Frank Act’’)
17
into law effective July 16, 2011, and the
facts and circumstances for Treasury’s
previous exemptive orders changed.
The legislation was enacted, among
other reasons, to reduce risk, increase
transparency, and promote market
integrity within the financial system,
including by: (1) Providing for the
registration and comprehensive
regulation of swap dealers, security-
based swap dealers, major swap
participants and major security-based
swap participants; (2) imposing clearing
and trade execution requirements on
swaps and security-based swaps, subject
to certain exceptions; (3) creating
rigorous recordkeeping and real-time
reporting regimes; and (4) enhancing the
rulemaking and enforcement authorities
of the SEC and the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission (‘‘CFTC’’) with
respect to, among others, all registered
entities and intermediaries subject to
their oversight.
18
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act
established a comprehensive new
regulatory framework for swaps and
security-based swaps, and provided the
SEC and the CFTC with the authority to
regulate over-the-counter derivatives.
The SEC and CFTC, in consultation
with the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System, have issued
proposed rules and proposed
interpretive guidance under the
Commodity Exchange Act (‘‘CEA’’) and
the Exchange Act to implement relevant
changes required by provisions of the
Dodd-Frank Act, including the
regulation of CDS.
19
Under Title VII of the Dodd-Frank
Act, the CFTC was given regulatory
authority over swaps and the SEC was
given regulatory authority over security-
based swaps.
20
The definition of the
term ‘‘security-based swap,’’ however,
excludes swaps based on ‘‘exempted
securities.’’
21
A CDS generally would be
a swap and not a security-based swap if
it is based upon an exempted security
(other than a municipal security).
Because the CFTC has jurisdiction over
swaps and the SEC has jurisdiction over
security-based swaps, and because a
CDS on an exempted security would be
a swap and not a security-based swap,
it is subject to CFTC jurisdiction.
The CFTC and SEC recently took
action to defer many Dodd-Frank
requirements regulating swaps and
security-based swaps that would
otherwise have gone into effect on July
16, 2011. On June 14, 2011, the CFTC
issued a notice of proposed order and
request for comment
22
with respect to
the effective dates of provisions of the
Dodd-Frank Act relating to the
regulation of the swaps markets.
Similarly, the SEC has released orders
23
granting temporary exemptions and
other temporary relief, and providing
information on compliance dates,
applicable to the regulation of the
security-based swaps markets. The SEC
noted in certain of its orders that the
temporary exemptions extended neither
to the Exchange Act provisions
applicable to government securities as
set forth in Section 15C and its
underlying rules and regulations, nor to
the related definitions of ‘‘government
securities,’’ ‘‘government securities
broker,’’ and ‘‘government securities
dealer.’’ The SEC further noted that it
does not have authority under Section
36 of the Exchange Act to issue
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